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Prov 28 V1 V2 V3 V5 V6 V7 V8 V9 V10 V11 V12 V13 V14 V15 V16 V17 V18 V19 V20 V21 V22 V23 V24 V25 V26 V27 V28

OET interlinear PROV 28:4

◄ ← PROV 28:4 ↓ → ► ║ ©

Hebrew word order

    1. Hebrew word
    2. Hebrew lemma
    3. OET-LV words
    4. OET-RV words
    5. Strongs
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. עֹזְבֵי
    2. 397247
    3. those who abandon of
    4. abandoned those
    6. S-Vqrmpc
    7. [those_who]_forsake_of
    8. S
    9. Y-700
    10. 277175
    1. תוֹרָה
    2. 397248
    3. (of) +the law
    4. -
    5. 8451
    6. S-Ncfsa
    7. (of)_[the]_law
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277176
    1. יְהַֽלְלוּ
    2. 397249
    3. they praise
    4. praise
    6. V-Vpi3mp
    7. they_praise
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277177
    1. רָשָׁע
    2. 397250
    3. +the wicked
    4. wicked
    5. 7563
    6. O-Aamsa
    7. [the]_wicked
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277178
    1. וְ,שֹׁמְרֵי
    2. 397251,397252
    3. and those who keep of
    4. keep
    5. 8104
    6. S-C,Vqrmpc
    7. and,[those_who]_keep_of
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277179
    1. תוֹרָה
    2. 397253
    3. (of) +the law
    4. -
    5. 8451
    6. S-Ncfsa
    7. (of)_[the]_law
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277180
    1. יִתְגָּרוּ
    2. 397254
    3. they engage in strife
    4. -
    5. 1624
    6. V-Vti3mp
    7. they_engage_in_strife
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277181
    1. בָ,ם
    2. 397255,397256
    3. with them
    4. -
    6. S-R,Sp3mp
    7. with,them
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277182
    2. 397257
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-sof-pasuq
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 277183
    2. 397258
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-pe
    8. S
    9. -
    10. 277184

OET (OET-LV) those_who_abandon_of (of)_the_law they_praise the_wicked and_those_who_keep_of (of)_the_law they_engage_in_strife with_them.

OET (OET-RV) Those who’ve abandoned the law, praise the wicked,
 ⇔ ^ but those who keep the law strive against them.

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 25:1–29:27: This is Hezekiah’s collection of Solomon’s proverbs

This section is the second collection of Solomon’s proverbs. These proverbs were organized and copied by men who served King Hezekiah. Most scholars divide this section into two groups. These groups differ in several ways.

The first group (chapters 25–27) has many more comparisons and admonitions. In Hebrew, most of these comparisons are metaphors in which one or more illustrations precede the topic. Some English versions change the order so that the topic precedes the illustration(s). You should follow the order that expresses the meaning naturally and effectively in your language.

In the first group, many proverbs are one verse long. As with the individual proverbs in the main collection of Solomon’s proverbs (Section 10:1–22:16), they are not related to the proverbs around them. Other proverbs in this group are two or more verses long. Still others are one-verse proverbs that are closely related in theme. Proverbs in all three categories will be marked as separate paragraphs.

The second group (chapters 28–29) has more contrastive proverbs. The proverbs in this group are each one verse long. They will not be marked as separate paragraphs.

Some other headings for this section are:

More Proverbs of Solomon (NIV)

Proverbs of Solomon Collected by Hezekiah (NET)

These are also wise things that Solomon said

28:4

Notice the parallel parts that contrast in meaning:

4a Those who forsake the law praise the wicked,

4bbut those who keep the law resist them.

This proverb contrasts two groups of people: those who forsake the law and those who obey it. People in the first group praise wicked people. Those in the second group actively oppose wicked people.

28:4a

Those who forsake the law praise the wicked,

forsake: The word forsake means “abandon,” “ignore,” or “reject.” A person who “forsakes” the law does not obey it.

the law: In Proverbs, the Hebrew word that the BSB translates here as law refers to the moral advice or teaching of personified wisdom, wise parents, or other wise teachers.Many versions translate the Hebrew word used here (torah) as “law.” Elsewhere in the OT, it can refer to a particular set of regulations, such as the rules for conducting ceremonies and offerings or laws specifying the punishments for certain crimes. It can also refer in general to the Mosaic law (TWOT #910d). But many scholars agree that in Proverbs it refers more generally to moral advice or instructions, not to a particular set of laws. See BDB #8451 (p. 435), Vine (p. 134), HALOT, and Toy (pp. 496–497). According to Waltke (p. 409), the parallelism contrasts “those who abandon the sage’s divinely inspired instruction” and “the faithful who keep it.” Fox (p. 821) points out that without a definite article (Prov. 6:23; 28:4,7,9; and 29:18), the word should be understood as wisdom instruction. It would be unlikely for it to refer to “the divine Law.” In the overall context of Proverbs, it is implied that this teaching is based on the OT Scriptures, so ultimately, it comes from the LORD. However, in this verse, the person who does the teaching is not specified.

Some ways to translate the phrase “Those who forsake the law” are:

Translate in a way that clearly refers to moral advice. This verse does not refer to secular teaching in a school or to the regulations of a local government.

praise the wicked: Some other ways to translate this phrase are:

praise wicked people (GW)

say good things about wicked people

wicked: See the note on this word in 28:1a.

28:4b

but those who keep the law resist them.

resist them: In Hebrew, the form of the word that the BSB translates here as resist implies a continuing battle or struggle against someone. People who resist the wicked actively confront them.

Some versions express this idea with terms such as:

fight them (NJPS)

struggle against them (NRSV)

Such terms may be appropriate if they do not imply military action or a physical fight. Another way to translate this idea is:

always oppose them (CEV)

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / personification

עֹזְבֵ֣י

forsake_of

See how you translated the same use of forsake in [1:8](../01/08.md).

Note 2 topic: grammar-collectivenouns

ת֭וֹרָה & ת֝וֹרָ֗ה

law & law

Here, the word law is singular in form, but it refers to several laws as a group. In this verse, law could refer to: (1) Yahweh’s laws. Alternate translation: “the laws of Yahweh … his laws” (2) wise instruction in general. Alternate translation: “wise instructions … those instructions”

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / genericnoun

רָשָׁ֑ע

wicked

See how you translated a wicked one in [9:7](../09/07.md).

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

וְ⁠שֹׁמְרֵ֥י

and,[those_who]_keep_of

Here Solomon speaks of obeying the law as if it were an object that someone can keep. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly, as in the UST.

Note 5 topic: writing-pronouns

בָֽ⁠ם

with,them

Here, them refers to wicked people, who are called a wicked one in the previous clause. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “against those wicked people”

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

    1. OET-LV words
    2. OET-RV words
    3. Strongs
    4. Hebrew word
    5. Hebrew lemma
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. those who abandon of
    2. abandoned those
    3. 5920
    5. 397247
    6. S-Vqrmpc
    8. S
    9. Y-700
    10. 277175
    1. (of) +the law
    2. -
    3. 8437
    5. 397248
    6. S-Ncfsa
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277176
    1. they praise
    2. praise
    3. 1934
    5. 397249
    6. V-Vpi3mp
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277177
    1. +the wicked
    2. wicked
    3. 7351
    5. 397250
    6. O-Aamsa
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277178
    1. and those who keep of
    2. keep
    3. 1987,7842
    5. 397251,397252
    6. S-C,Vqrmpc
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277179
    1. (of) +the law
    2. -
    3. 8437
    5. 397253
    6. S-Ncfsa
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277180
    1. they engage in strife
    2. -
    3. 1557
    5. 397254
    6. V-Vti3mp
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277181
    1. with them
    2. -
    3. 846,1978
    5. 397255,397256
    6. S-R,Sp3mp
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277182

OET (OET-LV) those_who_abandon_of (of)_the_law they_praise the_wicked and_those_who_keep_of (of)_the_law they_engage_in_strife with_them.

OET (OET-RV) Those who’ve abandoned the law, praise the wicked,
 ⇔ ^ but those who keep the law strive against them.

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The Hebrew text, lemmas, and morphology are all thanks to the OSHB and some of the glosses are from Macula Hebrew.OET logo mark

◄ ← PROV 28:4 ↑ → ► ║ ©