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Key: khaki:verbs.
Note: Automatic aligning of the OET-RV to the LV is done by some temporary software, hence the OET-RV alignments are incomplete (and may occasionally be wrong).
BrLXXἘγένετο δὲ ἑσπέρα· καὶ ἀνέβη ὀρτυγομήτρα, καὶ ἐκάλυψε τὴν παρεμβολήν· τὸ πρωῒ ἐγένετο καταπαυομένης τῆς δρόσου κύκλῳ τῆς παρεμβολῆς. (Egeneto de hespera; kai anebaʸ ortugomaʸtra, kai ekalupse taʸn parembolaʸn; to prōi egeneto katapauomenaʸs taʸs drosou kuklōi taʸs parembolaʸs. )
BrTrAnd it was evening, and quails came up and covered the camp:
ULTAnd so it was, in the evening quail came up and covered the camp. And in the morning the dew was lying round about the camp.
USTThat evening quails appeared, and there were so many that they covered the campsite. The next morning there were small drops of water all around the campsite.
BSB § That evening quail came and covered the camp, and in the morning there was a layer of dew around the camp.
NETIn the evening the quail came up and covered the camp, and in the morning a layer of dew was all around the camp.
LSVAnd it comes to pass in the evening, that the quail comes up, and covers the camp, and in the morning there has been the lying of dew around the camp,
FBVThat evening quail flew in and landed, filling the camp. In the morning dew covered the ground all around the camp.
T4TThat evening, ◄quails/small plump birds► appeared, and there were so many that they covered the campsite. The next morning there was something like dew all around the campsite.
LEBAnd so it was, in the evening, the quail came up and covered the camp, and in the morning, a layer of dew was all around the camp.
BBEAnd it came about that in the evening little birds came up and the place was covered with them: and in the morning there was dew all round about the tents.
JPSAnd it came to pass at even, that the quails came up, and covered the camp; and in the morning there was a layer of dew round about the camp.
ASVAnd it came to pass at even, that the quails came up, and covered the camp: and in the morning the dew lay round about the camp.
DRASo it came to pass in the evening, that quails coming up, covered the camp: and in the morning, a dew lay round about the camp.
YLTAnd it cometh to pass in the evening, that the quail cometh up, and covereth the camp, and in the morning there hath been the lying of dew round about the camp,
DrbyAnd it came to pass in the evening, that quails came up, and covered the camp; and in the morning the dew lay round the camp.
RVAnd it came to pass at even, that the quails came up, and covered the camp: and in the morning the dew lay round about the camp.
WbstrAnd it came to pass, that at evening the quails came up, and covered the camp: and in the morning the dew lay around the host.
KJB-1769And it came to pass, that at even the quails came up, and covered the camp: and in the morning the dew lay round about the host. (And it came to pass, that at evening the quails came up, and covered the camp: and in the morning the dew lay round about the host. )
KJB-1611[fn]And it came to passe, that at euen the Quailes came vp, and couered the campe: and in the morning the dew lay round about the hoste. (And it came to pass, that at evening the Quailes came up, and covered the campe: and in the morning the dew lay round about the hoste.)
BshpsAnd at euen the quailes came vp and couered the tentes, and in the mornyng the deawe lay rounde about them. (And at evening the quailes came up and covered the tents, and in the morning the dew lay round about them.)
GnvaAnd so at euen the quailes came and couered the campe: and in the morning the dewe lay round about the hoste. (And so at evening the quailes came and covered the campe: and in the morning the dew lay round about the hoste. )
CvdlAnd at euen the quayles came vp, and couered the tentes: and in the mornynge the dewe laye rounde aboute the tentes. (And at evening the quayles came up, and covered the tents: and in the morning the dew lay round about the tents.)
WyclTherfor euentid was maad, and `curlewes stieden and hiliden the castels; and in the morewtid deew cam bi the face of the castels. (Therefore eventide/evening was made, and `curlewes stieden and hiliden the castles; and in the morning deew came by the face of the castles.)
LuthUnd am Abend kamen Wachteln herauf und bedeckten das Heer. Und am Morgen lag der Tau um das Heer her. (And in/at/on_the Abend came Wachteln herauf and bedeckten the Heer. And in/at/on_the Morgen lag the/of_the Tau around/by/for the Heer her.)
ClVgFactum est ergo vespere, et ascendens coturnix, cooperuit castra: mane quoque ros jacuit per circuitum castrorum. (Done it_is therefore vespere, and ascendens coturnix, cooperuit castra: mane too ros yacuit through circuitum castrorum. )
Like several other events recorded in Scripture, the Bible’s account of the Israelites’ journey from Egypt to Mount Sinai includes an abundance of geographical references, yet it remains one of the most hotly debated topics among scholars, and numerous theories have been offered. The vast majority of geographical references provided in the story are disputed, including the place where the Israelites crossed the Red Sea, the location of Mount Sinai (see Proposed Locations for Mount Sinai map), and the various stops along the Israelites’ journey. A few locations have been established with some degree of scholarly consensus, but even these are not without opposing viewpoints. Amidst this incredible diversity of opinion, however, a single verse provides one of the most helpful clues for weighing the merits of one viewpoint over another: “By the way of Mount Seir it takes eleven days to reach Kadesh-barnea from Horeb” (Deuteronomy 1:2). For those who assume the Bible’s account to be trustworthy, this verse appears to require the following for any theory to be considered viable: 1) Kadesh-barnea and Mount Sinai must have been located at a distance from each other that could reasonably have been expected to take eleven days for an entire nation of people with small children, flocks, equipment, and perhaps even elderly members to travel on foot; and 2) the pace established by this distance over eleven days should most likely be considered the typical pace for the Israelites as they traveled from place to place along the other parts of the journey. This two-pronged test clearly strains many of the theories put forth to this point, especially when one factors in the time references given for the start of the journey (Exodus 12:6; Numbers 33:3), the middle of the journey (Exodus 16:1; Numbers 33:8), and the end of the journey (Exodus 19:1). In short, the journey from Rameses to the Wilderness of Sin took 31 days, since it included the 15th day of the second month, and the rest of the journey took another 16 days, assuming they arrived at Mount Sinai on the 15th day (not the first day, etc.) of the third month. Along with these criteria, a theory’s overall congruence with other established geographical and archeological data should bolster its credibility over other proposals. Another consideration is the extreme similarity between the events at Rephidim (Exodus 17) and the events at Kadesh-barnea (Numbers 20:1-13; 27:12-14; Deuteronomy 32:51; Ezekiel 47:19; 48:28), raising the question of whether Rephidim (meaning “resting places”) is in fact Kadesh-barnea. With these things in mind, the map below proposes a route for the exodus that meets virtually all of these criteria. A careful analysis and explanation of all the elements of the map is far beyond the scope of this article, but a few key points should be noted. The term Red Sea, in addition to referring to what we now regard it, must have also applied to the interconnected lakes and marshlands that lay along what is now the Suez Canal. Also, the portion of the journey that passed through the wilderness for three days without water (Exodus 15:22; Numbers 33:8) may have been comprised of a partial first day, a full second day, and a partial third day, much like Jesus’ time in the tomb is reckoned as three days in Matthew 12:40. Most notably, Mount Sinai is placed on this map at Gebel Khashm et-Tarif, which is appropriately located near, but not in, Midian (Exodus 3:1; 18:5; Numbers 10:29-30). It is also located 89 miles from Kadesh-barnea (assuming Kadesh is at Tall al-Quderat), which establishes a reasonable pace of 7.6 miles (12.2 km) per day to travel between them in 11 days. This lines up well with several known sources of water along that route (e.g., `Ain Qedeis [Hazar-addar?], Tamilat Suwelima [Hor-haggiggad?], and the spring at Kuntillet al-Girafi [unknown ancient identification]). This general pace then synchronizes very well with the timetable and distances required by this map for the other parts of the journey. The distance from Rameses to the Wilderness of Sin (where it is located here) could be completed in under 26 days, leaving an acceptable buffer of about 5 days for the parting of the Red Sea and perhaps a slower pace through the Wilderness of Shur/Etham. The entire journey took about 60 days, and the journey from the Wilderness of Sin to Mount Sinai took about 29 days. This leaves an acceptable buffer of time to complete the rest of the journey (about 16 days of travel) with a very adequate two weeks of extra time for Jethro to visit Moses and the Israelites to do battle with the Amalekites (Exodus 17-18). It should be noted that this timetable generally assumes (but does not necessarily require) that travel continued on sabbath days, but Scripture does not make clear whether travel was prohibited as work prior to the giving of the law at Mount Sinai.
