1SA 20:16 Parallel Verse View

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Text critical issues=none Clarity of original=clear Importance to us=normal (All still tentative.)

Key: khaki:verbs, green:YHWH.
Note: Automatic aligning of the OET-RV to the LV is done by some temporary software, hence the OET-RV alignments are incomplete (and may occasionally be wrong).

BrLXX εὑρεθῆναι τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ Ἰωνάθαν ἀπὸ τοῦ οἴκου Δαυὶδ, καὶ ἐκζητῆσαι Κύριος ἐχθροὺς τοῦ Δαυίδ.
(heurethaʸnai to onoma tou Yōnathan apo tou oikou Dawid, kai ekzaʸtaʸsai Kurios eⱪthrous tou Dawid. )

BrTr should it happen that the name of Jonathan be discovered by the house of David, then let the Lord seek out the enemies of David.

ULT And Jonathan cut with the house of David, “And may Yahweh seek from the hand of the enemies of David!”

UST Then Jonathan and David made a solemn agreement that applied to David’s descendants as well. They agreed that if David or his descendants ever killed Jonathan’s descendants, then they wanted Yahweh to punish David and his descendants by killing them.

BSB § So Jonathan made a covenant with the house of David, saying, “May the LORD hold David’s enemies accountable.”

OEB So Jonathan made a covenant with the house of David, saying, ‘May the Lord seek out the enemies of David.’

WEBBE So Jonathan made a covenant with David’s house, saying, “The LORD will require it at the hand of David’s enemies.”

WMBB (Same as above)

NET and called David’s enemies to account.” So Jonathan made a covenant with the house of David.

LSV So Jonathan cuts [a covenant] with the house of David, and YHWH has sought [it] from the hand of the enemies of David;

FBV Jonathan made a solemn agreement with the family of David, saying, “May the Lord impose retribution on David's enemies.”[fn]

20:16 This and the previous verses have a number of problems in translation.

T4T David agreed. So Jonathan made a solemn agreement with David. And he said, “I hope/desire that Yahweh will get rid of all your enemies.”

LEB So Jonathan _⌊made a covenant_⌋[fn] with the house of David, saying, “May Yahweh _⌊call the enemies of David to account_⌋.”[fn]

20:16 Literally “cut a covenant”

20:16 Literally “seek from the hand of the enemies of David”

BBE And if it comes about that the name of Jonathan is cut off from the family of David, the Lord will make David responsible.

Moff No Moff 1SA book available

JPS So Jonathan made a covenant with the house of David: 'The LORD even require it at the hand of David's enemies.'

ASV So Jonathan made a covenant with the house of David, saying, And Jehovah will require it at the hand of David’s enemies.

DRA Jonathan therefore made a covenant with the house of David: and the Lord required it at the hands of David’s enemies.

YLT And Jonathan covenanteth with the house of David, and Jehovah hath sought [it] from the hand of the enemies of David;

Drby And Jonathan made [a covenant] with the house of David, [saying,] Let Jehovah even require [it] at the hand of David's enemies!

RV So Jonathan made a covenant with the house of David, saying, And the LORD shall require it at the hand of David’s enemies.

Wbstr So Jonathan made a covenant with the house of David, saying , Let the LORD even require it at the hand of David's enemies.

KJB-1769 So Jonathan made a covenant with the house of David, saying, Let the LORD even require it at the hand of David’s enemies.[fn]

20.16 made: Heb. cut

KJB-1611 [fn]So Ionathan made a couenant with the house of Dauid, saying, Let the LORD euen require it at the hande of Dauids enemies.
(Modernised spelling is same as from KJB-1769 above, apart from punctuation and footnotes)

20:16 Heb. cut.

Bshps And so Ionathan made a bonde with the house of Dauid, saying: Let the lord require it at the handes of Dauids enemies.
(And so Yonathan made a bond with the house of David, saying: Let the lord require it at the hands of Davids enemies.)

Gnva So Ionathan made a bond with the house of Dauid, saying, Let the Lord require it at the hands of Dauids enemies.
(So Yonathan made a bond with the house of David, saying, Let the Lord require it at the hands of Davids enemies. )

Cvdl then let Dauid rote out Ionathas also with his house, and the LORDE requyre it of the hande of Dauids enemies.
(then let David root out Yonathas also with his house, and the LORD requyre it of the hand of Davids enemies.)

Wycl Therfor Jonathas made boond of pees with the hows of Dauid, and the Lord souyte of the hond of enemyes of Dauid.
(Therefore Yonathas made bond of peace with the house of David, and the Lord sought of the hand of enemies of David.)

Luth Also machte Jonathan einen Bund mit dem Hause Davids und sprach: Der HErr fordere es von der Hand der Feinde Davids!
(So made/did Yonathan a federation/agreement with to_him house David's and spoke: The LORD fordere it from the/of_the hand the/of_the enemies David's!)

ClVg Pepigit ergo Jonathas fœdus cum domo David: et requisivit Dominus de manu inimicorum David.[fn]
(Pepigit therefore Yonathas covenant when/with at_home David: and requisivit Master from/about by_hand of_enemies David. )

20.16 Et requisivit. ID. Prolepsis est, id est, anticipatio, etc., usque ad sed Domino pro illo vindicante.

20.16 And requisivit. ID. Prolepsis it_is, id it_is, anticipatio, etc., until to but Master for that vindicante.

UTN uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / ellipsis

וַ⁠יִּכְרֹ֥ת יְהוֹנָתָ֖ן

and,made_a_covenant Yōnātān/(Jonathan)

The author is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: [And Jonathan cut a covenant]

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / idiom

וַ⁠יִּכְרֹ֥ת יְהוֹנָתָ֖ן

and,made_a_covenant Yōnātān/(Jonathan)

See how you translated the fuller expression “cut a covenant” in [11:1](../11/01.md). Alternate translation: [And Jonathan made a covenant]

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

עִם־בֵּ֣ית דָּוִ֑ד

with house_of Dāvid

See how you translated the similar expression in [20:15](../20/15.md). Alternate translation: [with David that extended to his descendants]

Note 4 topic: writing-quotations

וּ⁠בִקֵּ֣שׁ יְהוָ֔ה מִ⁠יַּ֖ד אֹיְבֵ֥י דָוִֽד

and,call_~_toaccount YHWH at,hands_of enemies_of Dāvid's

This sentence is the content of the oath that David and Jonathan swore to one another. You may wish to indicate that explicitly in your translation, use a natural way of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: [saying, “And may Yahweh seek from the hand of the enemies of David!”]

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / idiom

וּ⁠בִקֵּ֣שׁ יְהוָ֔ה מִ⁠יַּ֖ד אֹיְבֵ֥י דָוִֽד

and,call_~_toaccount YHWH at,hands_of enemies_of Dāvid's

Jonathan is using a common expression of his culture to mean to exact a penalty. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [And may Yahweh exact an equivalent penalty from David]

Note 6 topic: writing-oathformula

וּ⁠בִקֵּ֣שׁ יְהוָ֔ה מִ⁠יַּ֖ד אֹיְבֵ֥י דָוִֽד

and,call_~_toaccount YHWH at,hands_of enemies_of Dāvid's

Following the custom of his culture, Jonathan is swearing an oath by stating only one part of a condition (“then”) but not the other part (“if”). If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explicitly state the first part of this condition. Alternate translation: [And if you or your descendants kill all of my descendants, then may Yahweh exact an equivalent penalty] or [And if you or your descendants kill all of my descendants, then may Yahweh kill you and all of your descendants]

Parallel 1SA 20:16