YHN 18:30 Interlinear View

1. Greek word
2. Greek lemma
3. OET-LV words
4. OET-RV words
5. Strongs
6. Role/Morphology
7. OET Gloss
8. VLT Gloss
9. CAPS codes
10. Confidence
11. OET tags
12. OET word #
1. Ἀπεκρίθησαν
2. apokrinō
3. They answered
4. answered
5. 6110
6. VIAP3··P
7. ˱they˲ answered
8. ˱they˲ answered
9. S
10. Y33
11. 78955
1. καί
2. kai
3. and
4. -
5. 25320
6. C·······
7. and
8. and
9. -
10. Y33
11. 78956
1. εἶπαν
2. legō
3. said
4. -
5. 30040
6. VIAA3··P
7. said
8. said
9. -
10. Y33; R78996
11. 78957
1. αὐτῷ
2. autos
3. to him
4. -
5. 8460
6. R···3DMS
7. ˱to˲ him
8. ˱to˲ him
9. -
10. Y33; R78940
11. 78958
1. Εἰ
2. ei
3. Except
4. -
5. 14870
6. C·······
7. except
8. except
9. D
10. Y33
11. 78959
1. μή
2. mē
3. not/lest
4. -
5. 33610
6. D·······
7. ¬not/lest
8. ¬not/lest
9. -
10. Y33
11. 78960
1. ἦν
2. eimi
3. was
4. -
5. 15100
6. VIIA3··S
7. was
8. was
9. -
10. Y33
11. 78961
1. οὗτος
2. houtos
3. this one
4. -
5. 37780
6. R····NMS
7. this ‹one›
8. this ‹one›
9. -
10. Y33; R78953
11. 78962
1. κακοποιῶν
2. kakopoieō
3. -
4. -
5. 25540
6. VPPA·NMS
7. doing_evil
8. doing_evil
9. -
10. -
11. 78963
1. κακοποιός
2. kakopoios
3. -
4. -
5. 25550
6. S····NMS
7. evil_doer
8. evil_doer
9. -
10. -
11. 78964
1. κακόν
2. kakos
3. evil
4. -
5. 25560
6. S····ANS
7. evil
8. evil
9. -
10. Y33
11. 78965
1. ποιῶν
2. poieō
3. doing
4. -
5. 41600
6. VPPA·NMS
7. doing
8. doing
9. -
10. Y33
11. 78966
1. ποιήσας
2. poieō
3. -
4. -
5. 41600
6. VPAA·NMS
7. ˓having˒ done
8. ˓having˒ done
9. -
10. -
11. 78967
1. οὐκ
2. ou
3. not
4. -
5. 37560
6. D·······
7. not
8. not
9. -
10. Y33
11. 78968
1. ἄν
2. an
3. would
4. wouldn't
5. 3020
6. T·······
7. would
8. would
9. -
10. Y33
11. 78969
1. σοί
2. su
3. to you
4. -
5. 47710
6. R···2D·S
7. ˱to˲ you
8. ˱to˲ you
9. -
10. Y33
11. 78970
1. παρεδώκαμεν
2. paradidōmi
3. we gave over
4. -
5. 38600
6. VIAA1··P
7. ˱we˲ gave_over
8. ˱we˲ gave_over
9. -
10. Y33; R78996
11. 78971
1. παραδεδώκειμεν
2. paradidōmi
3. -
4. -
5. 38600
6. VILA1··P
7. ˱I˲ ˓had˒ given_over
8. ˱I˲ ˓had˒ given_over
9. -
10. -
11. 78972
1. σοί
2. su
3. -
4. -
5. 47710
6. R···2D·S
7. ˱to˲ you
8. ˱to˲ you
9. -
10. -
11. 78973
1. αὐτόν
2. autos
3. him
4. -
5. 8460
6. R···3AMS
7. him
8. him
9. -
10. Y33; R78953
11. 78974

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 18:28–19:16a: Pilate investigated Jesus and decided that he should die

This section tells how the soldiers took Jesus to the Roman governor, Pilate. Pilate questioned Jesus to find out why the Jews wanted him to punish Jesus with death. He could find no reason to do that. But the Jewish leaders there insisted that Pilate crucify him. Finally, Pilate agreed that Jesus could be crucified.

Here are other possible section headings:

Pilate questioned the Jews and Jesus and sent Jesus to be crucified

Pilate investigated Jesus and decided that he could be punished with death

Jesus’ trial and judgment before Pilate

This section can be divided into seven smaller pieces, where each piece is a separate event. Jews often arranged written materials to include seven related pieces, where the first and last pieces relate, and the second and sixth relate, and the third and fifth relate. Then the middle piece, the fourth, stands alone and is emphasized. That happens in this section as well. Here is a chart showing the seven pieces of this section and how they relate:

18:28–32: Outside the house; Jews ask for Jesus’ death

18:33–38a: Inside the house; Pilate asks Jesus if he is King of the Jews

18:38b–40: Outside the house; Pilate says, “I find no case against him.”

19:1–3: The soldiers beat Jesus with a whip and pretend that he is the king of the Jews

19:4–8: Outside the house; Pilate says, “I find no case against him.”

19:8–11: Inside the house; Pilate asks Jesus where he came from

19:12–16a: Outside the house; Pilate allows Jews to crucify Jesus

The middle piece, 19:1–3, is different from all the other pieces. Pilate is only mentioned and is not an important person in this event. That is different from all the other pieces. This middle piece therefore is emphasized. The only ones who seem to worship Jesus in the whole section do so in this middle piece. However, they only pretend to worship and are very cruel as they mock Jesus.

In your translation, you may want to find ways to emphasize 19:1–3. Also, try to translate this section in ways that make it possible to see the connections between the pieces.

Paragraph 18:28–32

This paragraph begins the second part of Jesus’ trial. (The second part, with Jesus before Caiaphas, is only mentioned in John. John does not say anything about what happened there.) The narrative moves from Peter back to Jesus.

The Sanhedrin, the Jewish council with the most authority, could try minor offenses, particularly those involving Jewish religious law and customs. However, it could not punish anyone with death on a cross. Only the Roman government had that authority. So the Jewish authorities took Jesus to the Roman governor to ask him to condemn Jesus to die on a cross.

18:30a–b

“If He were not a criminal,” they replied, “we would not have handed Him over to you.”: In this sentence, Jesus’ accusers did not answer Pilate’s question directly. Instead, they implied that that they had handed Jesus over to the Roman authorities because he was a criminal. See the General Comment on 18:30a–b for ways to rearrange the information in their answer.

The form of this answer uses a condition that the Jews believed was false. They believed that Jesus was a criminal, even though he was not, and that is why they brought him to Pilate. In some languages it is more natural to express this idea with direct positive statements. For example:

They answered, “He is a criminal! That’s why we brought him to you.” (CEV)

They answered, “You can be sure that he is a criminal because we brought him to you.”

18:30a

“If He were not a criminal,” they replied,

They answered Pilate “If this man did not commit a crime,
They said to Pilate, “He is a criminal!

If He were not a criminal: This is a condition that the speakers implied was not true. They implied that Jesus was actually a criminal, even though he was not.

If: This connector introduces a condition that the speakers believed was not true.

He: This phrase refers to Jesus.

a criminal: The Greek phrase that the BSB translates as a criminal is more literally “one doing evil” or “he who commits a crime.”There is a textual problem here.(1) Some Greek manuscripts have “were not a criminal.” For example:If this man were not a criminal (NET)(BSB, CEV, GW, NET, NLT, REB, NCV, NJB, KJV, NASB, NIV, RSV)(2) Some Greek manuscripts have “were not doing a crime.” For example:If this man were not doing evil (ESV)(GNT, ESV)The UBS Greek text gives option (2) a B rating. That is likely what the original manuscript said. However, the meaning of the two options is the same, and option (1) is more natural in English in this context. You should translate this phrase in the way that is most natural in your language. Translate this phrase in a way that is natural in your language in a court setting, For example:

If he had not committed a crime

If this man were not doing evil (ESV)

If this Man were not an evildoer (NASB)

they replied: The pronoun they refers to the high priest and the council members who were accusing Jesus. They spoke to the Roman governor

18:30b

“we would not have handed Him over to you.”

we would not have led him to you to judge/punish.”
That is why we brought him before you for punishment.”

we would not have handed Him over to you: This clause tells what would have happened if the Jews believed that the condition in 18:30a was fulfilled. But because the accusers believed that Jesus was a criminal, they did hand him over to Pilate.

we: This pronoun is exclusive and refers to the Jewish religious leaders who were accusing Jesus but not to Pilate.

have handed Him over to you: The Greek phrase that the BSB has translated as handed…over to you means “have put/given into your power/control.” It was used in a legal sense of giving a prisoner to the authorities for them to guard. See how you translated this expression in Matthew 10:19, 27:18 and Mark 13:11. In this context it indicates that Jesus’ accusers had brought Jesus to the Roman governor to be judged and condemned. Here is another way to translate this phrase:

brought him to you (NCV)

you: This pronoun is singular and refers to Pilate.

General Comment on 18:30a–b

In some languages it is more natural to place 18:30b before 18:30a. For example:

^30bWe brought him to you to judge ^30abecause he has done evil things.

We would not have brought him to you if he had not committed a crime. (GNT)

We only turned/handed him over to you because he is a criminal.

The only reason we brought him to you is because he committed a crime.

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

οὗτος

this_‹one›

Here the Jewish leaders say this one as a disrespectful way to refer to Jesus without saying his name. If your language has a similar way to refer to someone in an indirect but derogatory manner, you may use it here. Alternate translation: [this so-and-so]

Note 2 topic: grammar-connect-condition-contrary

εἰ μὴ ἦν οὗτος κακὸν ποιῶν, οὐκ ἄν σοι παρεδώκαμεν αὐτόν

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: Ἀπεκρίθησαν καί εἶπαν αὐτῷ Εἰ μή ἦν οὗτος κακόν ποιῶν οὐκ ἄν σοί παρεδώκαμεν αὐτόν)

The Jewish leaders are making a conditional statement that sounds hypothetical, but they are already convinced that the condition is not true. They have concluded that Jesus is an evildoer. Use a natural form in your language for introducing a condition that the speaker believes is not true. Alternate translation: [If this one were not an evildoer, but he is, we would not have handed him over to you, but we did]

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / doublenegatives

εἰ μὴ ἦν οὗτος κακὸν ποιῶν, οὐκ ἄν σοι παρεδώκαμεν αὐτόν

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: Ἀπεκρίθησαν καί εἶπαν αὐτῷ Εἰ μή ἦν οὗτος κακόν ποιῶν οὐκ ἄν σοί παρεδώκαμεν αὐτόν)

If this double negative would be misunderstood in your language, you could translate it as a positive statement. Alternate translation: [This man is an evildoer, so we have brought him to you]

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the CNTR.

OET interlinear YHN (JHN) 18:30