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Yhn C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18 C19 C20 C21

Yhn 18 V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 V8 V9 V10 V11 V12 V13 V14 V15 V16 V17 V18 V19 V20 V21 V22 V23 V24 V25 V26 V27 V28 V29 V30 V32 V33 V34 V35 V36 V37 V38 V39 V40

OET interlinear YHN (JHN) 18:31

◄ ← YHN (JHN) 18:31 ↓ → ► ║ ©

SR Greek word order (including unused variant words in grey)

    1. Greek word
    2. Greek lemma
    3. OET-LV words
    4. OET-RV words
    5. Strongs
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. OET Gloss
    8. VLT Gloss
    9. CAPS codes
    10. Confidence
    11. OET tags
    12. OET word #
    1. εἶπεν
    2. legō
    3. said
    4. responded
    5. 30040
    6. VIAA3··S
    7. said
    8. said
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 78975
    1. Οὖν
    2. oun
    3. Therefore
    4. So
    5. 37670
    6. C·······
    7. therefore
    8. therefore
    9. S
    10. Y33
    11. 78976
    1. αὐτοῖς
    2. autos
    3. to them
    4. -
    5. 8460
    6. R···3DMP
    7. ˱to˲ them
    8. ˱to˲ them
    9. -
    10. Y33; R78996
    11. 78977
    1. ὁ
    2. ho
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. E····NMS
    7. ¬the
    8. ¬the
    9. -
    10. -
    11. 78978
    1. Πιλᾶτος
    2. pilatos
    3. Pilatos
    4. Pilate
    5. 40910
    6. N····NMS
    7. Pilatos
    8. Pilate
    9. U
    10. Y33; F78994
    11. 78979
    1. λάβετε
    2. lambanō
    3. take
    4. -
    5. 29830
    6. VMAA2··P
    7. take
    8. take
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 78980
    1. οὖν
    2. oun
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 37670
    6. C·······
    7. therefore
    8. therefore
    9. -
    10. -
    11. 78981
    1. αὐτόν
    2. autos
    3. him
    4. -
    5. 8460
    6. R···3AMS
    7. him
    8. him
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 78982
    1. Ὑμεῖς
    2. su
    3. You all
    4. -
    5. 47710
    6. R···2N·P
    7. you_all
    8. you_all
    9. D
    10. Y33
    11. 78983
    1. καί
    2. kai
    3. and
    4. But
    5. 25320
    6. C·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 78984
    1. κατά
    2. kata
    3. according to
    4. according
    5. 25960
    6. P·······
    7. according_to
    8. according_to
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 78985
    1. τόν
    2. ho
    3. the
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. E····AMS
    7. the
    8. the
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 78986
    1. νόμον
    2. nomos
    3. law
    4. -
    5. 35510
    6. N····AMS
    7. law
    8. law
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 78987
    1. ὑμῶν
    2. su
    3. of you all
    4. your
    5. 47710
    6. R···2G·P
    7. ˱of˲ you_all
    8. ˱of˲ you_all
    9. -
    10. Y33; R78996
    11. 78988
    1. κρίνατε
    2. krinō
    3. judge
    4. judge
    5. 29190
    6. VMAA2··P
    7. judge
    8. judge
    9. -
    10. Y33; R78996
    11. 78989
    1. αὐτόν
    2. autos
    3. him
    4. -
    5. 8460
    6. R···3AMS
    7. him
    8. him
    9. -
    10. Y33; R78953
    11. 78990
    1. εἶπον
    2. legō
    3. said
    4. -
    5. 30040
    6. VIAA3··P
    7. said
    8. said
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 78991
    1. δέ
    2. de
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 11610
    6. C·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. -
    10. -
    11. 78992
    1. οὖν
    2. oun
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 37670
    6. C·······
    7. therefore
    8. therefore
    9. -
    10. -
    11. 78993
    1. αὐτῷ
    2. autos
    3. to him
    4. -
    5. 8460
    6. R···3DMS
    7. ˱to˲ him
    8. ˱to˲ him
    9. -
    10. Y33; R78979
    11. 78994
    1. Οἱ
    2. ho
    3. The
    4. -
    5. 35880
    6. E····NMP
    7. the
    8. the
    9. S
    10. Y33
    11. 78995
    1. Ἰουδαῖοι
    2. ioudaios
    3. Youdaiōns
    4. -
    5. 24530
    6. S····NMP
    7. Youdaiōns
    8. Jews
    9. S
    10. Y33; F78929; F78932; F78950; F78957; F78971; F78977; F78988; F78989; F78997; F79000
    11. 78996
    1. Ἡμῖν
    2. egō
    3. To us
    4. -
    5. 14730
    6. R···1D·P
    7. ˱to˲ us
    8. ˱to˲ us
    9. D
    10. Y33; R78996
    11. 78997
    1. οὐκ
    2. ou
    3. not
    4. don't
    5. 37560
    6. D·······
    7. not
    8. not
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 78998
    1. ἔξεστιν
    2. exeimi
    3. is permitting
    4. permission
    5. 18260
    6. VIPA3··S
    7. ˓is˒ permitting
    8. ˓is˒ permitting
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 78999
    1. ἀποκτεῖναι
    2. apokteinō
    3. to kill off
    4. -
    5. 6150
    6. VNAA····
    7. ˓to˒ kill_off
    8. ˓to˒ kill_off
    9. -
    10. Y33; R78996
    11. 79000
    1. οὐδένα
    2. oudeis
    3. no one
    4. anyone
    5. 37620
    6. R····AMS
    7. no_one
    8. no_one
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 79001
    1. οὐδένα
    2. oudeis
    3. -
    4. -
    5. 37620
    6. R····AMS
    7. no_one
    8. no_one
    9. -
    10. -
    11. 79002

OET (OET-LV) Therefore Pilatos said to_them:
You_all take him, and judge according_to the law of_you_all, him.
The Youdaiōns said to_him, is_ not _permitting To_us to_kill_off no_one,

OET (OET-RV) So Pilate said, “You just take him and judge him yourselves according to your own laws.”
¶ But the Jewish leaders responded, “We don’t have permission to execute anyone.”

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 18:28–19:16a: Pilate investigated Jesus and decided that he should die

This section tells how the soldiers took Jesus to the Roman governor, Pilate. Pilate questioned Jesus to find out why the Jews wanted him to punish Jesus with death. He could find no reason to do that. But the Jewish leaders there insisted that Pilate crucify him. Finally, Pilate agreed that Jesus could be crucified.

Here are other possible section headings:

Pilate questioned the Jews and Jesus and sent Jesus to be crucified

Pilate investigated Jesus and decided that he could be punished with death

Jesus’ trial and judgment before Pilate

This section can be divided into seven smaller pieces, where each piece is a separate event. Jews often arranged written materials to include seven related pieces, where the first and last pieces relate, and the second and sixth relate, and the third and fifth relate. Then the middle piece, the fourth, stands alone and is emphasized. That happens in this section as well. Here is a chart showing the seven pieces of this section and how they relate:

18:28–32: Outside the house; Jews ask for Jesus’ death

18:33–38a: Inside the house; Pilate asks Jesus if he is King of the Jews

18:38b–40: Outside the house; Pilate says, “I find no case against him.”

19:1–3: The soldiers beat Jesus with a whip and pretend that he is the king of the Jews

19:4–8: Outside the house; Pilate says, “I find no case against him.”

19:8–11: Inside the house; Pilate asks Jesus where he came from

19:12–16a: Outside the house; Pilate allows Jews to crucify Jesus

The middle piece, 19:1–3, is different from all the other pieces. Pilate is only mentioned and is not an important person in this event. That is different from all the other pieces. This middle piece therefore is emphasized. The only ones who seem to worship Jesus in the whole section do so in this middle piece. However, they only pretend to worship and are very cruel as they mock Jesus.

In your translation, you may want to find ways to emphasize 19:1–3. Also, try to translate this section in ways that make it possible to see the connections between the pieces.

Paragraph 18:28–32

This paragraph begins the second part of Jesus’ trial. (The second part, with Jesus before Caiaphas, is only mentioned in John. John does not say anything about what happened there.) The narrative moves from Peter back to Jesus.

The Sanhedrin, the Jewish council with the most authority, could try minor offenses, particularly those involving Jewish religious law and customs. However, it could not punish anyone with death on a cross. Only the Roman government had that authority. So the Jewish authorities took Jesus to the Roman governor to ask him to condemn Jesus to die on a cross.

18:31a

“You take Him and judge Him by your own law,” Pilate told them.

You take Him and judge Him by your own law: The high priest and the council members did not tell Pilate that Jesus had disobeyed a Roman law. Pilate was only responsible for punishing those who disobeyed Roman law. If Jesus disobeyed a Jewish law, the high priest was the one who would punish him. So Pilate wants the Jews to take Jesus.

You take Him: The Greek expression that the BSB translates literally as You take Him indicates that Pilate wanted the Jewish authorities to take responsibility for Jesus. He wanted them to lead Jesus away as their prisoner. The Greek text emphasizes You. Here is a way to translate that emphasis:

Then you yourselves take him and try him according to your own law. (GNT)

In some languages it may be necessary to say where Pilate wanted them to take Jesus. For example:

take him away (NLT)

Take/Lead him to your court/judge

judge Him by your own law: Pilate said that the Jews should put Jesus on trial and punish him according to (based on) their own law. Here are other ways to translate this clause:

try him by your own law (REB)

pass judgment on him according to your own law (NET)

judge what should be done to him using your own laws to decide (TH)

your own law: This phrase refers to the laws of the Jews. Religious offenses could be judged by Jewish law. That law was based on the books of Moses, the first five books of the Old Testament. Because the law contained many laws, it may be natural to use a plural noun. For example:

your laws (CEV)

Pilate told them: In the Greek there is a conjunction that is often translated as “so” or “therefore.” It shows that Pilate said this because of the Jewish leaders’ reply. The BSB and many other translations leave this implied. Translate this conjunction in whatever way is most natural in your language. For example:

So Pilate said to them (NASB)

Then Pilate told them

18:31b

“We are not permitted to execute anyone,” the Jews replied.

We are not permitted to execute anyone: The Jewish authorities were not permitted to punish anyone by killing them. The Roman government did not allow them to give the death penalty.

We are not permitted: The phrase that the BSB translates as We are not permitted is more literally “it is not permitted/lawful for us.” Roman law did not allow the Jews to execute (punish with death) anyone, at least without receiving special permission. Here are other ways to translate this phrase:

We cannot legally put anyone to death (NET)

But we are not allowed to put anyone to death (NCV)

Only the Romans are permitted to execute someone (NLT)

Rome does not allow us to punish anyone with death

We: This pronoun is exclusive here and refers to the Jews, but not to Pilate. Pilate was a Roman, not a Jew.

to execute anyone: The word that the BSB translates as to execute means “to kill” but refers to the government right to kill criminals. For example:

to punish a person with death

the Jews replied: The Jewish authorities who had brought Jesus to Pilate now answered him. The Greek more literally says “the Jews said to him.” Refer to Pilate and Jesus’ accusers in a way that is natural in your language. For example:

The Jewish leaders replied (NET)

The Jews said to him (ESV)

The Jews answered him (GW)

General Comment on 18:31b

In some languages it may be natural to make it explicit that the speakers were Jewish in what they said. Then they would say, “We Jews.” It may then be natural to leave it implicit in the quote introducer. For example:

Jesus’ accusers/opponents said, “We(excl) Jews are not permitted to execute anyone.”

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / synecdoche

εἶπον αὐτῷ οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι

said ˱to˲_him (Some words not found in SR-GNT: εἶπεν Οὖν αὐτοῖς Πιλᾶτος λάβετε αὐτόν Ὑμεῖς καί κατά τόν νόμον ὑμῶν κρίνατε αὐτόν εἶπον αὐτῷ Οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι Ἡμῖν οὐκ ἔξεστιν ἀποκτεῖναι οὐδένα)

Here, the Jews refers to the Jewish leaders. See how you translated this term in [1:19](../01/19.md).

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

ἡμῖν οὐκ ἔξεστιν ἀποκτεῖναι οὐδένα

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: εἶπεν Οὖν αὐτοῖς Πιλᾶτος λάβετε αὐτόν Ὑμεῖς καί κατά τόν νόμον ὑμῶν κρίνατε αὐτόν εἶπον αὐτῷ Οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι Ἡμῖν οὐκ ἔξεστιν ἀποκτεῖναι οὐδένα)

According to Roman law, the Jews could not put anyone to death. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: [According to Roman law, it is not lawful for us to put anyone to death]

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

    1. OET-LV words
    2. OET-RV words
    3. Strongs
    4. Greek word
    5. Greek lemma
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. OET Gloss
    8. VLT Gloss
    9. CAPS codes
    10. Confidence
    11. OET tags
    12. OET word #
    1. Therefore
    2. So
    3. 37670
    4. S
    5. oun
    6. C-·······
    7. therefore
    8. therefore
    9. S
    10. Y33
    11. 78976
    1. Pilatos
    2. Pilate
    3. 40910
    4. U
    5. pilatos
    6. N-····NMS
    7. Pilatos
    8. Pilate
    9. U
    10. Y33; F78994
    11. 78979
    1. said
    2. responded
    3. 30040
    5. legō
    6. V-IAA3··S
    7. said
    8. said
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 78975
    1. to them
    2. -
    3. 8460
    5. autos
    6. R-···3DMP
    7. ˱to˲ them
    8. ˱to˲ them
    9. -
    10. Y33; R78996
    11. 78977
    1. You all
    2. -
    3. 47710
    4. D
    5. su
    6. R-···2N·P
    7. you_all
    8. you_all
    9. D
    10. Y33
    11. 78983
    1. take
    2. -
    3. 29830
    5. lambanō
    6. V-MAA2··P
    7. take
    8. take
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 78980
    1. him
    2. -
    3. 8460
    5. autos
    6. R-···3AMS
    7. him
    8. him
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 78982
    1. and
    2. But
    3. 25320
    5. kai
    6. C-·······
    7. and
    8. and
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 78984
    1. judge
    2. judge
    3. 29190
    5. krinō
    6. V-MAA2··P
    7. judge
    8. judge
    9. -
    10. Y33; R78996
    11. 78989
    1. according to
    2. according
    3. 25960
    5. kata
    6. P-·······
    7. according_to
    8. according_to
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 78985
    1. the
    2. -
    3. 35880
    5. ho
    6. E-····AMS
    7. the
    8. the
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 78986
    1. law
    2. -
    3. 35510
    5. nomos
    6. N-····AMS
    7. law
    8. law
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 78987
    1. of you all
    2. your
    3. 47710
    5. su
    6. R-···2G·P
    7. ˱of˲ you_all
    8. ˱of˲ you_all
    9. -
    10. Y33; R78996
    11. 78988
    1. him
    2. -
    3. 8460
    5. autos
    6. R-···3AMS
    7. him
    8. him
    9. -
    10. Y33; R78953
    11. 78990
    1. The
    2. -
    3. 35880
    4. S
    5. ho
    6. E-····NMP
    7. the
    8. the
    9. S
    10. Y33
    11. 78995
    1. Youdaiōns
    2. -
    3. 24530
    4. S
    5. ioudaios
    6. S-····NMP
    7. Youdaiōns
    8. Jews
    9. S
    10. Y33; F78929; F78932; F78950; F78957; F78971; F78977; F78988; F78989; F78997; F79000
    11. 78996
    1. said
    2. -
    3. 30040
    5. legō
    6. V-IAA3··P
    7. said
    8. said
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 78991
    1. to him
    2. -
    3. 8460
    5. autos
    6. R-···3DMS
    7. ˱to˲ him
    8. ˱to˲ him
    9. -
    10. Y33; R78979
    11. 78994
    1. is
    2. permission
    3. 18260
    5. exeimi
    6. V-IPA3··S
    7. ˓is˒ permitting
    8. ˓is˒ permitting
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 78999
    1. not
    2. don't
    3. 37560
    5. ou
    6. D-·······
    7. not
    8. not
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 78998
    1. permitting
    2. permission
    3. 18260
    5. exeimi
    6. V-IPA3··S
    7. ˓is˒ permitting
    8. ˓is˒ permitting
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 78999
    1. To us
    2. -
    3. 14730
    4. D
    5. egō
    6. R-···1D·P
    7. ˱to˲ us
    8. ˱to˲ us
    9. D
    10. Y33; R78996
    11. 78997
    1. to kill off
    2. -
    3. 6150
    5. apokteinō
    6. V-NAA····
    7. ˓to˒ kill_off
    8. ˓to˒ kill_off
    9. -
    10. Y33; R78996
    11. 79000
    1. no one
    2. anyone
    3. 37620
    5. oudeis
    6. R-····AMS
    7. no_one
    8. no_one
    9. -
    10. Y33
    11. 79001

OET (OET-LV) Therefore Pilatos said to_them:
You_all take him, and judge according_to the law of_you_all, him.
The Youdaiōns said to_him, is_ not _permitting To_us to_kill_off no_one,

OET (OET-RV) So Pilate said, “You just take him and judge him yourselves according to your own laws.”
¶ But the Jewish leaders responded, “We don’t have permission to execute anyone.”

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the CNTR.

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◄ ← YHN (JHN) 18:31 ↑ → ► ║ ©