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OET interlinear JOS 24:12

◄ ← JOS 24:12 ↓ → ║ ©

Hebrew word order

    1. Hebrew word
    2. Hebrew lemma
    3. OET-LV words
    4. OET-RV words
    5. Strongs
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. וָ,אֶשְׁלַח
    2. 160730,160731
    3. And I sent
    4. sent and
    5. 7971
    6. SV-C,Vqw1cs
    7. and,I_sent
    8. S
    9. Y-1427
    10. 111098
    1. לִ,פְנֵי,כֶם
    2. 160732,160733,160734
    3. before you(pl)
    4. ≈ahead your
    5. 6440
    6. S-R,Ncbpc,Sp2mp
    7. before,,you(pl)
    8. -
    9. Y-1427
    10. 111099
    1. אֶת
    2. 160735
    3. DOM
    4. -
    5. 853
    6. O-To
    7. DOM
    8. -
    9. Y-1427
    10. 111100
    2. 160736
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-maqqef
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 111101
    1. הַ,צִּרְעָה
    2. 160737,160738
    3. the hornet
    4. hornets
    5. 6880
    6. O-Td,Ncfsa
    7. the,hornet
    8. -
    9. Y-1427
    10. 111102
    1. וַ,תְּגָרֶשׁ
    2. 160739,160740
    3. and it drove out
    4. drove
    5. 1644
    6. SV-C,Vpw3fs
    7. and,it_drove_out
    8. -
    9. Y-1427
    10. 111103
    1. אוֹתָ,ם
    2. 160741,160742
    3. them
    4. -
    5. 853
    6. O-To,Sp3mp
    7. ,them
    8. -
    9. Y-1427
    10. 111104
    1. מִ,פְּנֵי,כֶם
    2. 160743,160744,160745
    3. from before of you(pl)
    4. -
    5. 6440
    6. S-R,Ncbpc,Sp2mp
    7. from,before_of,you(pl)
    8. -
    9. Y-1427
    10. 111105
    1. שְׁנֵי
    2. 160746
    3. the two of
    4. two
    5. 8147
    6. O-Acmdc
    7. the_two_of
    8. -
    9. Y-1427
    10. 111106
    1. מַלְכֵי
    2. 160747
    3. the kings of
    4. kings
    5. 4428
    6. O-Ncmpc
    7. the_kings_of
    8. -
    9. Y-1427
    10. 111107
    1. הָ,אֱמֹרִי
    2. 160748,160749
    3. the ʼAmorī
    4. Amorite
    5. 567
    6. O-Td,Ngmsa
    7. the=ʼAmorī
    8. -
    9. Y-1427
    10. 111108
    1. לֹא
    2. 160750
    3. not
    4. -
    5. 3808
    6. S-Tn
    7. not
    8. -
    9. Y-1427
    10. 111109
    1. בְ,חַרְבְּ,ךָ
    2. 160751,160752,160753
    3. by sword of your
    4. swords
    5. 2719
    6. S-R,Ncfsc,Sp2ms
    7. by,sword_of,your
    8. -
    9. Y-1427
    10. 111110
    1. וְ,לֹא
    2. 160754,160755
    3. and not
    4. -
    5. 3808
    6. S-C,Tn
    7. and=not
    8. -
    9. Y-1427
    10. 111111
    1. בְ,קַשְׁתֶּֽ,ךָ
    2. 160756,160757,160758
    3. by bow of your
    4. -
    5. 7198
    6. S-R,Ncfsc,Sp2ms
    7. by,bow_of,your
    8. -
    9. Y-1427
    10. 111112
    2. 160759
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-sof-pasuq
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 111113

OET (OET-LV) And_I_sent before_you(pl) DOM the_hornet and_it_drove_out them from_before_of_you(pl) the_two_of the_kings_of the_ʼAmorī not by_sword_of_your and_not by_bow_of_your.

OET (OET-RV) I sent hornets[fn] ahead of you all and they drove out the two Amorite kings—it wasn’t your swords or bows that did it.

24:12 The Hebrew word ‘צִרְעָה’ (‘hornet’, but pluralised here in the OET-RV) may have some non-literal meaning here, e.g., ‘panic’, or it may be a general reference to any manifestation of God’s anger.

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 24:1–33: Israel renewed their covenant with Yahweh

In this section Joshua called the people of Israel together to affirm that they would worship and obey only Yahweh. He warned them that Yahweh would bring disaster on them if they worshiped other gods. Then Joshua died and was buried.

Here are some other possible section headings:

Renewing the covenant at Shechem

The Israelites promise to worship only Yahweh

24:12a

I sent the hornet ahead of you, and it drove out the two Amorite kings before you,

I sent the hornet ahead of you: The meaning of the Hebrew word that the BSB translates as hornet is uncertain. There are two ways to interpret it.

  1. It means terror or panic. For example:

    I sent terror ahead of you (NET)

    As you advanced, I threw them into panic. (GNT) (NET, GNT, REB, CEV, NLT, NJPS, NCV)

  2. It means hornet. For example:

    I sent the hornet before you (ESV) (BSB, ESV, RSV, NASB, NIV, GW, NABRE, NJB, KJV)

It is recommended that you follow interpretation (1). This is the interpretation recommended by most Bible commentariesSee for example Walton p. 83–84, and Dallaire p, 1038. and the one taken by many English versions.

and it drove out the two Amorite kings before you: The clause drove out the two Amorite kings before you indicates that the enemies of Israel ran away as the Israelites went into their lands. They did this because they were afraid of the Israelites.

the two Amorite kings: There is an interpretation issue here. It is not certain to whom the Hebrew pronoun “them” that the BSB translates as the two Amorite kings refers.

  1. It refers to the two kings of the Amorites. For example:

    I sent terror ahead of you to drive out before you the two Amorite kings (NET) (BSB, NET, RSV, NRSV, ESV, REB, NASB, NCV, NLT, NJPS, NJB, GNT, GW)

  2. It refers to the peoples mentioned in verse 11 as well as the Amorite kings. For example:

    I made your enemies panic and run away, as I had done with the two Amorite kings east of the River Jordan. (CEV) (CEV, NIV, KJV)

It is recommended that you follow interpretation (1). This is followed by most English versions and Bible commentaries.

The two Amorite kings were King Sihon and King Og, who lived east of the Jordan River. The battle between the Israelites and these kings was mentioned in chapter 24:8.

Here are some other ways to translate this part of the verse:

I sent terror ahead of you(plur) and it made the two Amor kings flee ahead of you.

I caused your enemies to panic as you advanced, so that the two kings of the Amor people and their armies all ran away.

24:12b

but not by your own sword or bow.

but not by your own sword or bow: This indicates that Israel did not defeat their enemies with their own weapons or by their own power, but because God helped them.

Here are some other ways to translate this part of the verse:

You did not defeat these enemies by the strength of your own swords and bows

It was not your skill with swords and bows that caused you to defeat them. I defeated them for you.

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / synecdoche

לֹ֥א בְ⁠חַרְבְּ⁠ךָ֖ וְ⁠לֹ֥א בְ⁠קַשְׁתֶּֽ⁠ךָ

not by,sword_of,your and=not by,bow_of,your

Yahweh is using two specific weapons to mean all of the weapons that the Israelites possessed and used. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [not by your own weapons]

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / ellipsis

לֹ֥א בְ⁠חַרְבְּ⁠ךָ֖ וְ⁠לֹ֥א בְ⁠קַשְׁתֶּֽ⁠ךָ

not by,sword_of,your and=not by,bow_of,your

Yahweh is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: [This was not done by your sword and not done by your bow] or [This was not because you used your own weapons]

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

    1. OET-LV words
    2. OET-RV words
    3. Strongs
    4. Hebrew word
    5. Hebrew lemma
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. And I sent
    2. sent and
    3. 1987,7819
    5. 160730,160731
    6. SV-C,Vqw1cs
    8. S
    9. Y-1427
    10. 111098
    1. before you(pl)
    2. ≈ahead your
    3. 3705,6376,1978
    5. 160732,160733,160734
    6. S-R,Ncbpc,Sp2mp
    8. -
    9. Y-1427
    10. 111099
    1. DOM
    2. -
    3. 347
    5. 160735
    6. O-To
    8. -
    9. Y-1427
    10. 111100
    1. the hornet
    2. hornets
    3. 1893,6571
    5. 160737,160738
    6. O-Td,Ncfsa
    8. -
    9. Y-1427
    10. 111102
    1. and it drove out
    2. drove
    3. 1987,1555
    5. 160739,160740
    6. SV-C,Vpw3fs
    8. -
    9. Y-1427
    10. 111103
    1. them
    2. -
    3. 347,1978
    5. 160741,160742
    6. O-To,Sp3mp
    8. -
    9. Y-1427
    10. 111104
    1. from before of you(pl)
    2. -
    3. 4129,6376,1978
    5. 160743,160744,160745
    6. S-R,Ncbpc,Sp2mp
    8. -
    9. Y-1427
    10. 111105
    1. the two of
    2. two
    3. 7502
    5. 160746
    6. O-Acmdc
    8. -
    9. Y-1427
    10. 111106
    1. the kings of
    2. kings
    3. 4308
    5. 160747
    6. O-Ncmpc
    8. -
    9. Y-1427
    10. 111107
    1. the ʼAmorī
    2. Amorite
    3. 1893,42
    5. 160748,160749
    6. O-Td,Ngmsa
    8. -
    9. Y-1427
    10. 111108
    1. not
    2. -
    3. 3835
    5. 160750
    6. S-Tn
    8. -
    9. Y-1427
    10. 111109
    1. by sword of your
    2. swords
    3. 846,2414,1978
    5. 160751,160752,160753
    6. S-R,Ncfsc,Sp2ms
    8. -
    9. Y-1427
    10. 111110
    1. and not
    2. -
    3. 1987,3835
    5. 160754,160755
    6. S-C,Tn
    8. -
    9. Y-1427
    10. 111111
    1. by bow of your
    2. -
    3. 846,6876,1978
    5. 160756,160757,160758
    6. S-R,Ncfsc,Sp2ms
    8. -
    9. Y-1427
    10. 111112

OET (OET-LV) And_I_sent before_you(pl) DOM the_hornet and_it_drove_out them from_before_of_you(pl) the_two_of the_kings_of the_ʼAmorī not by_sword_of_your and_not by_bow_of_your.

OET (OET-RV) I sent hornets[fn] ahead of you all and they drove out the two Amorite kings—it wasn’t your swords or bows that did it.

24:12 The Hebrew word ‘צִרְעָה’ (‘hornet’, but pluralised here in the OET-RV) may have some non-literal meaning here, e.g., ‘panic’, or it may be a general reference to any manifestation of God’s anger.

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The Hebrew text, lemmas, and morphology are all thanks to the OSHB and some of the glosses are from Macula Hebrew.OET logo mark

◄ ← JOS 24:12 ↑ → ║ ©