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interlinearVerse GEN EXO LEV NUM DEU JOB JOS JDG RUTH 1SA 2SA PSA AMOS HOS 1KI 2KI 1CH 2CH PRO ECC SNG JOEL MIC ISA ZEP HAB JER LAM YNA NAH OBA DAN EZE EZRA EST NEH HAG ZEC MAL YHN MARK MAT LUKE ACTs YAC GAL 1TH 2TH 1COR 2COR ROM COL PHM EPH PHP 1TIM TIT 1PET 2PET 2TIM HEB YUD 1YHN 2YHN 3YHN REV
1Sa C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18 C19 C20 C21 C22 C23 C24 C25 C26 C27 C28 C29 C30 C31
1Sa 30 V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 V8 V9 V10 V11 V12 V13 V14 V15 V16 V18 V19 V20 V21 V22 V23 V24 V25 V26 V27 V28 V29 V30 V31
OET (OET-LV) And_attacked_them Dāvid from_the_twilight and_unto the_evening of_next_day_of_them and_not he_escaped from_them anyone if/because (if) four hundred(s) man young_man who they_rode on the_camels and_fled.
OET (OET-RV) David attacked them from twilight until the evening of the next day, and none of the Amalekites were able to escape except for four hundred young men who jumped on camels and fled.
Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / synecdoche
וַיַּכֵּ֥ם דָּוִ֛ד
and,attacked,them Dāvid
The author is using one part of David’s group, David himself, to mean him and his men. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [And David and his men struck them]
Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit
וַיַּכֵּ֥ם דָּוִ֛ד
and,attacked,them Dāvid
In this context, by struck, the author means that they killed them. See how you translated this in [4:10](../04/10.md). Alternate translation: [And David and his men slaughtered them]
Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / idiom
מֵהַנֶּ֥שֶׁף וְעַד־הָעֶ֖רֶב לְמָֽחֳרָתָ֑ם
from,the,twilight and=unto the,evening of,next_day_of,them
Here the author is describing a period of time according to the conventions of his culture. Since the term twilight could describe either dawn or dusk, to be clear that he does not mean from dawn until evening on the day after David discovered the Amalekites, he says the next day of them, meaning the next or second of the two days on which David first discovered the Amalekites and then finished slaughtering them. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly in your translation. Alternate translation: [from the time it got dark that day until the evening of the following day]
Note 4 topic: grammar-connect-exceptions
וְלֹֽא־נִמְלַ֤ט מֵהֶם֙ אִ֔ישׁ כִּי֩ אִם־אַרְבַּ֨ע מֵא֧וֹת אִֽישׁ
and=not escaped from=them (a)_man that/for/because/then/when if four hundreds (a)_man
If it would appear in your language that the author was making a statement and then contradicting it, you could reword this as a positive statement. Alternate translation: [And the only ones who escaped from them were 400 men]
Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / hendiadys
אֲשֶׁר־רָכְב֥וּ עַל־הַגְּמַלִּ֖ים וַיָּנֻֽסוּ
which/who rode on/upon/above/on_account_of//he/it_went_in the,camels and,fled
This expression conveys a single idea by using two phrases connected with and. The phrase rode on camels tell in what way the men fled. Alternate translation: [who fled by riding on camels]
30:17 The total number of Amalekite raiders must have been quite large if 400 young men escaped.
OET (OET-LV) And_attacked_them Dāvid from_the_twilight and_unto the_evening of_next_day_of_them and_not he_escaped from_them anyone if/because (if) four hundred(s) man young_man who they_rode on the_camels and_fled.
OET (OET-RV) David attacked them from twilight until the evening of the next day, and none of the Amalekites were able to escape except for four hundred young men who jumped on camels and fled.
Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.
Acknowledgements: The Hebrew text, lemmas, and morphology are all thanks to the OSHB and some of the glosses are from Macula Hebrew.