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Key: khaki:verbs.
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K במלכן
BrLXXΚαὶ τὸν λαὸν τὸν ὄντα ἐν αὐτῇ ἐξήγαγε, καὶ ἔθηκεν ἐν τῷ πρίονι, καὶ ἐν τοῖς τριβόλοις τοῖς σιδηροῖς, καὶ ὑποτομεῦσι σιδηροῖς, καὶ διήγαγεν αὐτοὺς διὰ τοῦ πλινθίου· καὶ οὕτως ἐποίησε πάσαις ταῖς πόλεσιν υἱῶν Ἀμμών· καὶ ἐπέστρεψε Δαυὶδ καὶ πᾶς ὁ λαὸς εἰς Ἰερουσαλήμ. (Kai ton laon ton onta en autaʸ exaʸgage, kai ethaʸken en tōi prioni, kai en tois tribolois tois sidaʸrois, kai hupotomeusi sidaʸrois, kai diaʸgagen autous dia tou plinthiou; kai houtōs epoiaʸse pasais tais polesin huiōn Ammōn; kai epestrepse Dawid kai pas ho laos eis Ierousalaʸm. )
BrTrAnd he brought forth the people that were in it, and put them [fn]under the saw, and under iron harrows, and axes of iron, and made them pass through the brick-kiln: and thus he did to all the cities of the children of Ammon. And David and all the people returned to Jerusalem.
ULTBut the people who were in it, he brought out, and he set them with the saw and with picks of iron and with axes of iron, and he made them pass through at the brick kiln. And thus he did to all the cities of the sons of Ammon. And David and all the people returned to Jerusalem. ¶
USTThen they brought the people out of the city and forced them to work for them, using saws, iron picks, and axes. David’s troops also forced them to make bricks. David’s soldiers did this in all the cities of the Ammonites. Then David and all of his army returned to Jerusalem.
BSB § David brought out the people who were there and put them to work with saws,[fn] iron picks, and axes, and he made them work at the brick kilns.[fn] He did the same to all the Ammonite cities. Then David and all his troops returned to Jerusalem.
12:31Literally and he made them pass through the brick kilns.
OEBAnd he brought away the people who were in it, and put them at the saws and picks and axes of iron and made them the brickmounds. Even thus he did all the cities of the Ammonites. Then David and all the people returned to Jerusalem.
WEBBEHe brought out the people who were in it, and put them to work under saws, under iron picks, under axes of iron, and made them go to the brick kiln; and he did so to all the cities of the children of Ammon. Then David and all the people returned to Jerusalem.
NETHe removed the people who were in it and made them do hard labor with saws, iron picks, and iron axes, putting them to work at the brick kiln. This was his policy with all the Ammonite cities. Then David and all the army returned to Jerusalem.
LSVand he has brought out the people who [are] in it, and sets [them] to the saw, and to cutting instruments of iron, and to axes of iron, and has caused them to pass over into the brick-kiln; and so he does to all the cities of the sons of Ammon; and David turns back, and all the people, to Jerusalem.
FBVDavid took the inhabitants and forced them to work with saws, iron picks, and axes, and he also made them work making bricks.[fn] He did the same in all the Ammonite towns. Then David and the whole Israelite army returned to Jerusalem.
T4TThen they brought the people of Rabbah out of the city and forced them to work for them using saws and iron picks and axes. David’s troops also forced them to make bricks. David’s soldiers did this in all the towns of the Ammon people-group. Then David and all of his army returned to Jerusalem.
LEBHe also brought out the people who were in it and put them to the saws and to the iron picks and to the iron axes, and he sent them to the place of the brickmakers. Thus he used to do to all the cities of the Ammonites,[fn] and he and all of the army returned to Jerusalem.
BBEAnd he took the people out of the town and put them to work with wood-cutting instruments, and iron grain-crushers, and iron axes, and at brick-making: this he did to all the towns of the children of Ammon. Then David and all the people went back to Jerusalem.
JPSAnd he brought forth the people that were therein, and put them under saws, and under harrows of iron, and under axes of iron, and made them pass through the brickkiln; and thus did he unto all the cities of the children of Ammon. And David and all the people returned unto Jerusalem.
ASVAnd he brought forth the people that were therein, and put them under saws, and under harrows of iron, and under axes of iron, and made them pass through the brickkiln: and thus did he unto all the cities of the children of Ammon. And David and all the people returned unto Jerusalem.
DRAAnd bringing forth the people thereof he sawed them, and drove over them chariots armed with iron: and divided them with knives, and made them pass through brickkilns: so did he to all the cities of the children of Ammon: and David returned, with all the army to Jerusalem.
YLTand the people who [are] in it he hath brought out, and setteth to the saw, and to cutting instruments of iron, and to axes of iron, and hath caused them to pass over into the brick-kiln; and so he doth to all the cities of the Bene-Ammon; and David turneth back, and all the people, to Jerusalem.
DrbyAnd he brought out the people that were in it, and put them under the saw, and under harrows of iron, and under axes of iron, and made them pass through the brickkilns. And so did he to all the cities of the children of Ammon. And David and all the people returned to Jerusalem.
RVAnd he brought forth the people that were therein, and put them under saws, and under harrows of iron, and under axes of iron, and made them pass through the brickkiln: and thus did he unto all the cities of the children of Ammon. And David and all the people returned unto Jerusalem.
WbstrAnd he brought forth the people that were in it, and put them under saws, and under harrows of iron, and under axes of iron, and made them pass through the brick-kiln: and thus he did to all the cities of the children of Ammon. So David and all the people returned to Jerusalem.
KJB-1769And he brought forth the people that were therein, and put them under saws, and under harrows of iron, and under axes of iron, and made them pass through the brickkiln: and thus did he unto all the cities of the children of Ammon. So David and all the people returned unto Jerusalem. (And he brought forth the people that were therein, and put them under saws, and under harrows of iron, and under axes of iron, and made them pass through the brickkiln: and thus did he unto all the cities of the children of Ammon. So David and all the people returned unto Yerusalem. )
KJB-1611And he brought foorth the people that were therein, and put them vnder sawes, and vnder harrowes of yron, and vnder axes of yron, and made them passe through the bricke-kilne: And thus did he vnto all the cities of the children of Ammon. So Dauid and all the people returned vnto Ierusalem. (And he brought forth the people that were therein, and put them under saws, and under harrows of iron, and under axes of iron, and made them pass through the brick-kilne: And thus did he unto all the cities of the children of Ammon. So David and all the people returned unto Yerusalem.)
BshpsAnd he caryed away the people that was therein, & put them vnder sawes, and vnder iron harrowes, and vnder axes of iron, & thrust them into the tylekyll: thus dyd he with all the cities of the children of Ammon. And so Dauid and al the people returned vnto Hierusalem. (And he carried away the people that was therein, and put them under saws, and under iron harrows, and under axes of iron, and thrust them into the tylekyll: thus did he with all the cities of the children of Ammon. And so David and all the people returned unto Yerusalem.)
GnvaAnd he carryed away the people that was therein, and put them vnder sawes, and vnder yron harowes, and vnder axes of yron, and cast them into the tyle kylne: euen thus did he with all the cities of the children of Ammon. Then Dauid and all the people returned vnto Ierusalem. (And he carryed away the people that was therein, and put them under saws, and under iron harowes, and under axes of iron, and cast them into the tyle kiln: even thus did he with all the cities of the children of Ammon. Then David and all the people returned unto Yerusalem. )
CvdlAs for the people that was therin, he broughte the forth, and layed them vnder yron sawes and hokes and wedges of yron, and burned the in tyle ouens. Thus dyd he vnto all the cities of the children of Ammon. Then returned Dauid and all the people vnto Ierusalem agayne. (As for the people that was therin, he brought the forth, and laid them under iron saws and hokes and wedges of iron, and burned the in tyle ovens. Thus did he unto all the cities of the children of Ammon. Then returned David and all the people unto Yerusalem again.)
WyclAlso he ledde forth the puple therof, and sawide, and `dide aboute hem `yrun instrumentis of turment, and departide with knyues, and `ledde ouer bi the licnesse of tijl stoonus; so he dide to alle the citees of the sones of Amon. And Dauid turnede ayen, and al his oost, in to Jerusalem. (Also he led forth the people thereof, and sawide, and `dide about them `yrun instrumentis of turment, and departed with knyues, and `ledde over by the licnesse of tijl stones; so he did to all the cities of the sons of Amon. And David turned again, and all his host, in to Yerusalem.)
LuthAber das Volk drinnen führete er heraus und legte sie unter eiserne Sägen und Zacken und eiserne Keile und verbrannte sie in Ziegelöfen. So tat er allen Städten der Kinder Ammon. Da kehrete David und alles Volk wieder gen Jerusalem. (But the people drinnen führete he heraus and laid they/she/them under eiserne Sägen and Zacken and eiserne Keile and burnte they/she/them in Ziegelöfen. So did he all cities the/of_the children Ammon. So returned David and all/everything people again to/toward Yerusalem.)
ClVgpopulum quoque ejus adducens serravit, et circumegit super eos ferrata carpenta: divisitque cultris, et traduxit in typo laterum: sic fecit universis civitatibus filiorum Ammon. Et reversus est David et omnis exercitus in Jerusalem. (populum too his adducens serravit, and circumegit over them ferrata carpenta: dividedque cultris, and traduxit in typo laterum: so he_did universis civitatibus of_children Ammon. And returned it_is David and everyone exercitus in Yerusalem. )
12:31He also made slaves of the people of Rabbah and forced them to labor with: Enslaving defeated peoples was in accord with Deut 20:11. Solomon later did the same with the Canaanites (1 Kgs 9:20-22; see also Judg 1:30, 33). The alternate reading might indicate torture inflicted on the defeated Ammonites (cp. textual note on 1 Chr 20:3).
(Some words not found in UHB: and=DOM the,people which/who in/on/at/with,it brought_out and=he/it_assigned in/on/at/with,saws and,in/on/at/with,picks the,iron and,in/on/at/with,axes the,iron and,sent DOM,them in/on/at/with,brickmaking and=thus/so/as_follows he/it_made/did to=all/each/any/every cities sons_of ˊAmmōn and,returned Dāvid and=all the,people Yərūshālayim/(Jerusalem) )
David did not bring out the people himself; he commanded his soldiers to bring them out. Alternate translation: “David commanded his soldiers to bring out the people”
(Occurrence 0) saws, iron picks, and axes
(Some words not found in UHB: and=DOM the,people which/who in/on/at/with,it brought_out and=he/it_assigned in/on/at/with,saws and,in/on/at/with,picks the,iron and,in/on/at/with,axes the,iron and,sent DOM,them in/on/at/with,brickmaking and=thus/so/as_follows he/it_made/did to=all/each/any/every cities sons_of ˊAmmōn and,returned Dāvid and=all the,people Yərūshālayim/(Jerusalem) )
These are tools to cut wood or break up the ground.
(Occurrence 0) brick kilns
(Some words not found in UHB: and=DOM the,people which/who in/on/at/with,it brought_out and=he/it_assigned in/on/at/with,saws and,in/on/at/with,picks the,iron and,in/on/at/with,axes the,iron and,sent DOM,them in/on/at/with,brickmaking and=thus/so/as_follows he/it_made/did to=all/each/any/every cities sons_of ˊAmmōn and,returned Dāvid and=all the,people Yərūshālayim/(Jerusalem) )
2 Samuel 8:1-8; 10:1-19; 12:21-31; 1 Chronicles 18:2-11; 19:1-19; 20:1-3
The accounts of David’s greatest military victories stand like bookends around the record of David’s most grievous sins. Sometime after David brought the Ark of the Covenant into Jerusalem and the Lord promised to establish his dynasty over Israel, David achieved a series of victories over virtually all of Israel’s neighboring nations. These began with David’s capture of Metheg-ammah (likely Gath) and all of Philistia and was followed by his victory over Moab. Then Nahash king of Ammon died, and David sent envoys to express his condolences to Nahash’s son Hanun, who had now become king. Hanun, however, intentionally humiliated David’s envoys, shaving off half their beards and cutting off the bottom half of their garments before sending them back to Israel. When David heard of it, he sent word to his envoys to remain at Jericho until their beards grew back. In the meantime, the Ammonites called upon several Aramean nations to help them fight against Israel, which was likely their original intent for humiliating David’s envoys. Warriors came from Beth-rehob and Zobah, which lay between Israel and Hamath farther north, as well as from Maacah (see “Geshur and Maacah” map) and Tob. The writer of 1 Chronicles also notes that soldiers came from Mesopotamia as well. David sent his commander Joab to fight this coalition at Rabbah. The writer of 1 Chronicles consistently speaks of the battle occurring at Medeba, rather than Rabbah, but the town of Medeba south of Heshbon seems an unlikely location for the battle. Perhaps Rabbah was also referred to at times as Medeba. In any case, Joab and his brother Abishai divided their forces into two groups, with Joab leading the fight against the Arameans to the north and Abishai leading the fight against the Ammonites just outside the gates of Rabbah. As Joab advanced, the Arameans fled, which in turn led the Ammonites to retreat behind the walls of Rabbah. After this Joab (and probably his forces) returned home to Israel. But the Arameans regrouped and added more troops from Aramean nations beyond the Euphrates River. David met them in battle at Helam (likely modern Alma) and won a great victory over them, even killing their commander Shobah (or Shophach). After this the Arameans made peace with Israel. Sometime later David also subjugated the Edomites, who lived to the south of Moab. It was likely sometime after this that David engaged in adultery with the wife of Uriah, one of his own valiant warriors (see “David’s Mighty Men” map), and then he tried to cover up his sin by arranging for Uriah’s death in battle. His sin was later exposed by Nathan the prophet, and David repented. After this Joab returned to Rabbah to finish capturing the city, and when victory was close at hand he called for David to come and finish taking the city. Thus the Ammonites became subject to Israel as well. From all these conquered nations David took many spoils and dedicated them to the Lord’s service, including great amounts of bronze from the towns of Tebah (also called Betah and Tibhath), Berothai, and Cun.
2 Samuel 8:1-8; 10:1-19; 12:21-31; 1 Chronicles 18:2-11; 19:1-19; 20:1-3
The accounts of David’s greatest military victories stand like bookends around the record of David’s most grievous sins. Sometime after David brought the Ark of the Covenant into Jerusalem and the Lord promised to establish his dynasty over Israel, David achieved a series of victories over virtually all of Israel’s neighboring nations. These began with David’s capture of Metheg-ammah (likely Gath) and all of Philistia and was followed by his victory over Moab. Then Nahash king of Ammon died, and David sent envoys to express his condolences to Nahash’s son Hanun, who had now become king. Hanun, however, intentionally humiliated David’s envoys, shaving off half their beards and cutting off the bottom half of their garments before sending them back to Israel. When David heard of it, he sent word to his envoys to remain at Jericho until their beards grew back. In the meantime, the Ammonites called upon several Aramean nations to help them fight against Israel, which was likely their original intent for humiliating David’s envoys. Warriors came from Beth-rehob and Zobah, which lay between Israel and Hamath farther north, as well as from Maacah (see “Geshur and Maacah” map) and Tob. The writer of 1 Chronicles also notes that soldiers came from Mesopotamia as well. David sent his commander Joab to fight this coalition at Rabbah. The writer of 1 Chronicles consistently speaks of the battle occurring at Medeba, rather than Rabbah, but the town of Medeba south of Heshbon seems an unlikely location for the battle. Perhaps Rabbah was also referred to at times as Medeba. In any case, Joab and his brother Abishai divided their forces into two groups, with Joab leading the fight against the Arameans to the north and Abishai leading the fight against the Ammonites just outside the gates of Rabbah. As Joab advanced, the Arameans fled, which in turn led the Ammonites to retreat behind the walls of Rabbah. After this Joab (and probably his forces) returned home to Israel. But the Arameans regrouped and added more troops from Aramean nations beyond the Euphrates River. David met them in battle at Helam (likely modern Alma) and won a great victory over them, even killing their commander Shobah (or Shophach). After this the Arameans made peace with Israel. Sometime later David also subjugated the Edomites, who lived to the south of Moab. It was likely sometime after this that David engaged in adultery with the wife of Uriah, one of his own valiant warriors (see “David’s Mighty Men” map), and then he tried to cover up his sin by arranging for Uriah’s death in battle. His sin was later exposed by Nathan the prophet, and David repented. After this Joab returned to Rabbah to finish capturing the city, and when victory was close at hand he called for David to come and finish taking the city. Thus the Ammonites became subject to Israel as well. From all these conquered nations David took many spoils and dedicated them to the Lord’s service, including great amounts of bronze from the towns of Tebah (also called Betah and Tibhath), Berothai, and Cun.
