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MainId: 003677000000000
Version: 0
HasAramaic: False
InLXX: True
AlphaPos: ο
StrongCodes: G3772
BaseForms:
BaseFormID: 003677001000000
PartsOfSpeech: noun, m.
Inflections:
Lemma: οὐρανός
BaseFormIndex: 1
Realizations: -οῦ
RelatedLemmas: [{'Word': 'ἐπουράνιος', 'Meanings': []}, {'Word': 'μεσουράνημα', 'Meanings': []}, {'Word': 'οὐράνιος', 'Meanings': []}, {'Word': 'οὐρανόθεν', 'Meanings': []}]
LEXMeanings:
LEXID: 003677001001000
LEXIsBiblicalTerm: M
LEXEntryCode: 1.5
LEXIndent: 0
LEXDomains: Geographical Objects and Features
LEXSubDomains: Regions Above the Earth
LEXSenses:
LanguageCode: en
LastEdited: 2022-01-28 13:35:29
DefinitionShort: space above the earth, including the vault arching high over the earth from one horizon to another, as well as the sun, moon, and stars
Glosses: sky
Comments: In {S:04400200500030} the expression ‘under the sky’ is better translated in a number of languages as ‘on earth,’ and in {S:05801101200026} ‘the stars of the sky’ is effectively rendered in many instances as ‘the stars up above,’ though in many languages ‘up above’ is not only redundant, but misleading, since it might suggest stars that would not be ‘up above.’ The area described by the phrase ἀπ’ ἄκρων οὐρανῶν ἕως τῶν ἄκρων αὐτῶν in {S:04002403100040} refers to the limits of the horizon regarded as the limits of the sky, but in many languages the equivalent is an expression dealing with the limits of the earth.|In some contexts οὐρανός[a] ‘sky’ designates areas which in other languages are referred to by terms specifying only a part of the area above the earth. For example, a literal translation of ἐμβλέψατε εἰς τὰ πετεινὰ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ‘look at the birds of the sky’ ({S:04000602600012}) would in some languages refer only to those birds which fly particularly high in the sky, for example, eagles, vultures, and falcons. The Greek expression τὰ πετεινὰ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ simply designates wild birds in contrast with domestic fowl, such as chickens. Therefore, in translating ‘the birds of the sky,’ one may wish to use a general designation for all wild birds. See also {D:4.41}.|The sky (οὐρανός[a]) is also represented in the Scriptures as a dwelling place of certain supernatural beings, for the various stars and constellations were associated with supernatural forces (see στρατιὰ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, literally ‘the army of heaven,’ in {S:04400704200024}: ὁ θεὸς … παρέδωκεν αὐτοὺς λατρεύειν τῇ στρατιᾷ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ‘God … gave them over to worship the stars of the heaven’). In some languages, however, there is a problem with the rendering ‘stars of heaven,’ since such an expression might imply that there are types of stars which do not exist in the sky. Therefore, it is often more appropriate to translate στρατιὰ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ as simply ‘the stars.’ At the same time it is often advisable to introduce a marginal note to indicate that the stars were regarded as symbols of supernatural beings. One may also translate στρατιὰ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ as ‘supernatural beings in the sky’ or ‘powers that dwell in the sky’ (see {D:12.45}).|The semantic equivalent of οὐρανός[a] is in some instances merely an adverb meaning ‘up’ or ‘above.’ In other languages the various areas referred to by ούρανός[a] must be designated by more specific terms or phrases, for example, ‘the region of the stars,’ ‘the place of the clouds,’ or ‘where the wind blows,’ as a way of designating at least three different areas which may be significant in certain types of contexts.
LEXReferences: MAT 11:23, MAT 16:2, MAT 16:3, MAT 16:3, MAT 24:29, MAT 24:29, MAT 24:30, MAT 24:31, MAT 26:64, MARK 7:34, MARK 13:25, MARK 13:25, MARK 13:27, MARK 14:62, LUKE 4:25, LUKE 9:54, LUKE 10:15, LUKE 10:18, LUKE 12:56, LUKE 17:24, LUKE 17:24, LUKE 17:29, LUKE 18:13, LUKE 21:11, LUKE 21:26, ACTs 2:5, ACTs 2:19, ACTs 7:42, ACTs 9:3, ACTs 10:11, ACTs 10:16, ACTs 11:5, ACTs 11:9, ACTs 11:10, ACTs 17:24, ACTs 22:6, COL 1:16, COL 1:20, HEB 1:10, HEB 7:26, HEB 11:12, HEB 12:26, YAC 5:18, 2PET 1:18, 2PET 3:5, 2PET 3:7, 2PET 3:10, 2PET 3:12, 2PET 3:13, REV 5:13, REV 6:13, REV 6:14, REV 8:10, REV 9:1, REV 10:5, REV 10:6, REV 11:6, REV 12:1, REV 12:3, REV 12:4, REV 15:1, REV 16:21, REV 21:1, REV 21:1
LEXID: 003677001002000
LEXIsBiblicalTerm: M
LEXEntryCode: 1.11
LEXIndent: 0
LEXDomains: Geographical Objects and Features
LEXSubDomains: Regions Above the Earth
LEXSenses:
LanguageCode: en
LastEdited: 2022-01-28 13:35:29
DefinitionShort: the supernatural dwelling place of God and other heavenly beings (οὐρανός[b] also contains a component denoting that which is above or in the sky, but the element of abode is evidently more significant than location above the earth)
Glosses: heaven
Comments: In a number of languages precisely the same term is used to designate both ‘sky’ and ‘heaven’ (as the abode of God). But in many instances a completely separate term must be employed in speaking of the dwelling place of God, for example, ‘where God lives’ or ‘where God is’ or ‘from where God governs.’ In some languages the term referring to ‘heaven’ is simply ‘the home above,’ and in one instance a designation of heaven refers primarily to a state, for example, ‘the life above.’|The phrase τρίτος οὐρανός ‘the third heaven’ is a fixed phrase referring to the abode of God (ἁρπαγέντα τὸν τοιοῦτον ἕως τρίτου οὐρανοῦ ‘(a man) who was caught up as far as the third heaven’ {S:04701200200054}), but in a number of languages it is extremely difficult to speak of ‘the third heaven,’ especially if one uses a term for ‘heaven’ which is ‘the abode of God.’ Therefore, in many instances τρίτος οὐρανός is translated as ‘heaven’ or ‘the abode of God,’ and if necessary, a footnote may be added in order to indicate the literal meaning of the Greek expression. If a literal rendering is employed, it is usually equivalent to ‘the third sky’ or ‘above two degrees of sky.’
LEXReferences: MAT 3:16, MAT 3:17, MAT 5:12, MAT 5:16, MAT 5:34, MAT 5:45, MAT 6:1, MAT 6:9, MAT 6:10, MAT 6:20, MAT 7:11, MAT 7:21, MAT 10:32, MAT 10:33, MAT 12:50, MAT 14:19, MAT 18:10, MAT 18:10, MAT 18:14, MAT 18:18, MAT 18:18, MAT 18:19, MAT 19:21, MAT 22:30, MAT 24:30, MAT 24:36, MAT 28:2, MAT 28:18, MARK 1:10, MARK 1:11, MARK 6:41, MARK 8:11, MARK 10:21, MARK 11:25, MARK 11:30, MARK 11:31, MARK 12:25, MARK 13:32, MARK 16:19, LUKE 2:15, LUKE 3:21, LUKE 3:22, LUKE 6:23, LUKE 9:16, LUKE 10:20, LUKE 11:13, LUKE 11:16, LUKE 12:33, LUKE 15:7, LUKE 18:22, LUKE 19:38, LUKE 20:4, LUKE 20:5, LUKE 22:43, LUKE 24:51, YHN 1:32, YHN 1:51, YHN 3:13, YHN 3:13, YHN 3:31, YHN 6:31, YHN 6:32, YHN 6:32, YHN 6:33, YHN 6:38, YHN 6:41, YHN 6:42, YHN 6:50, YHN 6:51, YHN 6:58, YHN 12:28, YHN 17:1, ACTs 1:10, ACTs 1:11, ACTs 1:11, ACTs 1:11, ACTs 2:2, ACTs 2:34, ACTs 3:21, ACTs 7:49, ACTs 7:55, ACTs 7:56, ACTs 9:3, ACTs 10:11, ACTs 10:16, ACTs 11:5, ACTs 11:9, ACTs 11:10, ACTs 14:15, ACTs 22:6, ROM 1:18, ROM 10:6, 1COR 8:5, 1COR 15:47, 2COR 5:1, 2COR 12:2, GAL 1:8, EPH 1:10, EPH 3:15, EPH 4:10, EPH 6:9, PHP 3:20, COL 1:5, COL 4:1, 1TH 1:10, 1TH 4:16, 2TH 1:7, HEB 4:14, HEB 8:1, HEB 9:23, HEB 9:24, HEB 12:23, HEB 12:25, YAC 5:12, 1PET 1:4, 1PET 1:12, 1PET 3:22, REV 3:12, REV 4:1, REV 4:2, REV 5:3, REV 8:1, REV 10:1, REV 10:4, REV 10:8, REV 11:12, REV 11:12, REV 11:13, REV 11:15, REV 11:19, REV 12:7, REV 12:8, REV 12:10, REV 12:12, REV 13:6, REV 13:13, REV 14:2, REV 14:13, REV 14:17, REV 15:5, REV 16:11, REV 18:1, REV 18:4, REV 18:5, REV 18:20, REV 19:1, REV 19:11, REV 19:14, REV 20:1, REV 20:9, REV 21:2, REV 21:10
LEXID: 003677001003000
LEXIsBiblicalTerm: M
LEXEntryCode: 12.16
LEXIndent: 0
LEXDomains: Supernatural Beings and Powers
LEXSubDomains: Supernatural Beings
LEXSenses:
LanguageCode: en
LastEdited: 2022-01-28 13:35:29
DefinitionShort: (a figurative extension of meaning of {L:οὐρανός
Glosses: God
Comments: A translation such as ‘I have sinned against God’ would seem to be so much simpler than ‘I have sinned against heaven,’ but in reality it is not easy to find a satisfactory expression for ‘sinning against God.’ It is, of course, possible to speak of ‘fighting against a person,’ but ‘to sin against a person’ involves a very complex relationship which often needs to be more clearly explained, for example, ‘I have sinned against what God has said’ or ‘I have sinned by doing what displeases God.’ In some languages a strictly literal rendering of ‘I have sinned against God’ might be understood in the sense of committing some kind of sin with God.
LEXReferences: MAT 3:2, MAT 4:17, MAT 5:3, MAT 5:10, MAT 5:19, MAT 5:19, MAT 5:20, MAT 7:21, MAT 8:11, MAT 10:7, MAT 11:11, MAT 11:12, MAT 13:11, MAT 13:24, MAT 13:31, MAT 13:33, MAT 13:44, MAT 13:45, MAT 13:47, MAT 13:52, MAT 16:1, MAT 16:17, MAT 16:19, MAT 16:19, MAT 16:19, MAT 18:1, MAT 18:3, MAT 18:4, MAT 18:23, MAT 19:12, MAT 19:14, MAT 19:23, MAT 20:1, MAT 21:25, MAT 21:25, MAT 22:2, MAT 23:13, MAT 23:22, MAT 25:1, LUKE 15:18, LUKE 15:21, YHN 3:27, 2COR 5:2
LEXID: 003677001004000
LEXIsBiblicalTerm: M
LEXEntryCode: 1.3
LEXIndent: 0
LEXDomains: Geographical Objects and Features
LEXSubDomains: Universe, Creation
LEXCollocations: ὁ οὐρανὸς καὶ ἡ γῆ
LEXSenses:
LanguageCode: en
LastEdited: 2022-01-28 13:35:29
DefinitionShort: a more or less fixed phrase: the heavens and the earth, equivalent to a single lexical item: the totality of God’s creation
Glosses: ['heaven and earth', 'universe']
Comments: There may be certain complications involved in rendering ὁ οὐρανὸς καὶ ἡ γῆ as ‘heaven and earth,’ since ‘heaven’ might be interpreted in some languages as referring only to the dwelling place of God himself. The referents in this passage are ‘the sky and the earth,’ in other words, all of physical existence, but not the dwelling place of God, for the latter would not be included in what is destined to pass away.
LEXReferences: MAT 5:18, MAT 11:25, MAT 24:35, MARK 13:31, LUKE 10:21, LUKE 16:17, LUKE 21:33, ACTs 4:24, REV 14:7, REV 20:11
LEXID: 003677001005000
LEXIsBiblicalTerm: Y
LEXEntryCode: 4.41
LEXIndent: 0
LEXDomains: Animals
LEXSubDomains: Birds
LEXCollocations: πετεινὰ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ
LEXSenses:
LanguageCode: en
LastEdited: 2022-01-28 13:35:29
DefinitionShort: (an idiom, literally: birds of the sky) wild birds in contrast with domesticated birds such as chickens
Glosses: ['birds', 'wild birds']
Comments: A literal rendering of πετεινὰ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, either as ‘birds of the air’ or ‘birds of the sky,’ may be misleading, since ‘birds of the air’ might imply that these are birds made out of air, and ‘birds of the sky’ might suggest they are birds which remain always in the sky. In some languages the equivalent expression is ‘birds of the trees’ or ‘birds of the winds.’
LEXReferences: MAT 6:26, MAT 8:20, MAT 13:32, MARK 4:32, LUKE 8:5, LUKE 9:58, LUKE 13:19, ACTs 10:12, ACTs 11:6
LEXID: 003677001006000
LEXIsBiblicalTerm: Y
LEXEntryCode: 12.45
LEXIndent: 0
LEXDomains: Supernatural Beings and Powers
LEXSubDomains: Supernatural Powers
LEXCollocations: στρατιὰ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ
LEXSenses:
LanguageCode: en
LastEdited: 2022-01-28 13:35:29
DefinitionShort: (an idiom, literally: army of heaven) the stars of heaven as symbols of various supernatural powers
Glosses: the stars of heaven
Comments: Since ‘the stars of heaven’ serve primarily as symbols of certain heavenly supernatural powers, it may be appropriate in some languages to speak of ‘the spirits of the stars in the sky.’ See also {D:1.5}.
LEXReferences: ACTs 7:42
LEXID: 003677001007000
LEXIsBiblicalTerm: Y
LEXEntryCode: 1.43
LEXIndent: 0
LEXDomains: Geographical Objects and Features
LEXSubDomains: The Earth's Surface
LEXCollocations: ὑπὸ τὸν οὐρανόν
LEXSenses:
LanguageCode: en
LastEdited: 2022-01-28 13:35:29
DefinitionShort: (an idiom, literally: under the sky) pertaining to being on the earth
Glosses: on earth
Comments: ὑπὸ τὸν οὐρανόν is essentially equivalent in reference to {L:ἐπίγειος