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Jos 8 V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 V8 V9 V10 V11 V12 V13 V14 V15 V16 V17 V18 V19 V21 V22 V23 V24 V25 V26 V27 V28 V29 V30 V31 V32 V33 V34 V35

OET interlinear JOS 8:20

◄ ← JOS 8:20 ↓ → ► ║ ©

Hebrew word order

    1. Hebrew word
    2. Hebrew lemma
    3. OET-LV words
    4. OET-RV words
    5. Strongs
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. וַ,יִּפְנוּ
    2. 148539,148540
    3. And they turned
    4. When and looked ≈but Then
    5. 6437
    6. SV-C,Vqw3mp
    7. and,they_turned
    8. S
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 102711
    1. אַנְשֵׁי
    2. 148541
    3. the men of
    4. -
    5. 376
    6. S-Ncmpc
    7. the_men_of
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 102712
    1. הָ,עַי
    2. 148542,148543
    3. of (the) ˊAy
    4. Ay
    5. 5857
    6. S-Td,Np
    7. of_(the),Ai
    8. -
    9. Location=Ai; Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 102713
    1. אַחֲרֵי,הֶם
    2. 148544,148545
    3. behind them
    4. behind
    6. S-R,Sp3mp
    7. behind,them
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 102714
    1. וַ,יִּרְאוּ
    2. 148546,148547
    3. and they saw
    4. -
    5. 7200
    6. SV-C,Vqw3mp
    7. and=they_saw
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 102715
    1. וְ,הִנֵּה
    2. 148548,148549
    3. and see/lo/see
    4. -
    5. 2009
    6. S-C,Tm
    7. and=see/lo/see!
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 102716
    1. עָלָה
    2. 148550
    3. it went up
    4. -
    5. 5927
    6. V-Vqp3ms
    7. it_went_up
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 102717
    1. עֲשַׁן
    2. 148551
    3. the smoke of
    4. smoke
    5. 6227
    6. S-Ncmsc
    7. the_smoke_of
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 102718
    1. הָ,עִיר
    2. 148552,148553
    3. the city
    4. city
    6. S-Td,Ncfsa
    7. the=city
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 102719
    1. הַ,שָּׁמַיְמָ,ה
    2. 148554,148555,148556
    3. to the heavens
    4. -
    5. 8064
    6. S-Td,Ncmpa,Sd
    7. to,the,heavens
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 102720
    1. וְ,לֹא
    2. 148557,148558
    3. and not
    4. -
    5. 3808
    6. S-C,Tn
    7. and=not
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 102721
    2. 148559
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-maqqef
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 102722
    1. הָיָה
    2. 148560
    3. it was
    4. -
    5. 1961
    6. V-Vqp3ms
    7. it_was
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 102723
    1. בָ,הֶם
    2. 148561,148562
    3. in/among them
    4. -
    6. S-R,Sp3mp
    7. in/among=them
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 102724
    1. יָדַיִם
    2. 148563
    3. hands
    4. -
    5. 3027
    6. S-Ncbda
    7. hands
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 102725
    1. לָ,נוּס
    2. 148564,148565
    3. to flee
    4. -
    5. 5127
    6. SV-R,Vqc
    7. to,flee
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 102726
    1. הֵנָּה
    2. 148566
    3. hither
    4. -
    5. 2008
    6. S-D
    7. hither
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 102727
    1. וָ,הֵנָּה
    2. 148567,148568
    3. and hither
    4. -
    5. 2008
    6. S-C,D
    7. and,hither
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 102728
    1. וְ,הָ,עָם
    2. 148569,148570,148571
    3. and the people
    4. -
    6. S-C,Td,Ncmsa
    7. and,the,people
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 102729
    1. הַ,נָּס
    2. 148572,148573
    3. which was fleeing
    4. fleeing
    5. 5127
    6. SV-Td,Vqrmsa
    7. [which,was]_fleeing
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 102730
    1. הַ,מִּדְבָּר
    2. 148574,148575
    3. the wilderness
    4. wilderness
    6. S-Td,Ncmsa
    7. the,wilderness
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 102731
    1. נֶהְפַּךְ
    2. 148576
    3. it turned back
    4. -
    5. 2015
    6. V-VNp3ms
    7. it_turned_back
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 102732
    1. אֶל
    2. 148577
    3. against
    4. -
    5. 413
    6. S-R
    7. against
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 102733
    2. 148578
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-maqqef
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 102734
    1. הָ,רוֹדֵף
    2. 148579,148580
    3. the pursuer[s]
    4. pursuers
    5. 7291
    6. S-Td,Vqrmsa
    7. the,pursuer[s]
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 102735
    2. 148581
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-sof-pasuq
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 102736

OET (OET-LV) And_ the_men_of _they_turned of_(the)_ˊAy behind_them and_they_saw and_see/lo/see it_went_up the_smoke_of the_city to_the_heavens and_not it_was in/among_them hands to_flee hither and_hither and_the_people which_was_fleeing the_wilderness it_turned_back against the_pursuer[s].

OET (OET-RV) When the men from Ay turned and looked behind them, the smoke from their city was going up into the sky, but they had nowhere to escape to. Then Yehoshua’s men who’d been fleeing towards the wilderness turned back around towards their pursuers

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 8:1–29 Israel defeated Ai.

In chapter 7, Israel attacked Ai and the soldiers of Ai defeated them. They were discouraged but they repented of their sin. In chapter 8, God told Joshua to attack Ai again. This time, the Israelites were victorious and defeated Ai.

Verses 8:1–9 describe Joshua’s preparations to attack Ai, with details about the ambush. The soldiers in the ambush left by night ahead of the other soldiers. Verses 8:10–27 describe the movement of the soldiers, and the defeat of Ai. Verses 8:28–29 is a summary of the story.

Here are some other possible section headings:

The fall and destruction of Ai

Israel conquered Ai

8:20a

When the men of Ai turned and looked back,

When the men of Ai turned and looked back: The soldiers of Ai were chasing the Israelite soldiers. At some point, they turned around and looked back towards their town. The story does not say why they looked back. Perhaps they heard noise coming from the direction of the town.

8:20b

the smoke of the city was rising into the sky.

The Hebrew word that the BSB leaves untranslated but some English versions translate as “behold” is used to emphasize what happens next. You may have a word or particle in your language that is used for emphasis. Many English versions do not translate this word. It may be more natural to leave this word implicit.

the smoke of the city was rising into the sky: The clause the smoke of the city was rising into the sky indicates that the sky was filled with smoke because the town was burning.

8:20c

They could not escape in any direction,

They could not escape in any direction: The clause They could not escape in any direction indicates that the soldiers of Ai were surrounded, and so could not escape. They were caught between the two parts of the Israelite army.

Here are some other ways to translate this phrase:

There was no way for them to escape (GNT)

they had no chance to escape in any direction (NIV)

they had nowhere to go (NLT)

They could not escape: The Hebrew phrase that the BSB translates as They could not implies a loss of courage. Some English versions make this explicit. For example:

None of them had the courage to run (NJB)

were so shocked they were unable to flee (NET)

8:20d

and the troops who had fled to the wilderness now became the pursuers.

and the troops who had fled to the wilderness now became the pursuers: The clause and the troops who had fled to the wilderness refers to Joshua and the Israelite soldiers who had pretended to run away. These are the same people referred to in 8:15.

now became the pursuers: The phrase that the BSB translates as became the pursuers is translated as “turned back against the pursuers” in most English versions. With either interpretation, the Israelite soldiers who had run away from the town now turned around and fought with the soldiers of Ai.

the pursuers: According to the BSB interpretation, the phrase the pursuers refers to Joshua and the Israelite soldiers who had pretended to run away. However, most English versions indicate that the pursuers refers to the soldiers of Ai.

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / exclamations

וְ⁠הִנֵּ֨ה

and=see/lo/see!

The author is using the term behold to focus attention on what happens next in this story. Your language may have a comparable expression that you could use in your translation.

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / metonymy

וְ⁠לֹא־הָיָ֨ה בָ⁠הֶ֥ם יָדַ֛יִם לָ⁠נ֖וּס הֵ֣נָּה וָ⁠הֵ֑נָּה

and=not it_became in/among=them power to,flee they(f) and,hither

Here, hand represents the capability of a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or state the meaning plainly. This statement seems to introduce the action that the author describes in the rest of this verse and in the next two verses, in which the soldiers from Ai and Bethel become surrounded by the Israelite soldiers. Alternate translation: [And it was not possible for them to flee here or there]

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / merism

הֵ֣נָּה וָ⁠הֵ֑נָּה

they(f) and,hither

The author is speaking of two things in order to mean them and everything in between. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: [anywhere]

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

    1. OET-LV words
    2. OET-RV words
    3. Strongs
    4. Hebrew word
    5. Hebrew lemma
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. And
    2. When and looked ≈but Then
    3. 1987,6378
    5. 148539,148540
    6. SV-C,Vqw3mp
    8. S
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 102711
    1. the men of
    2. -
    3. 266
    5. 148541
    6. S-Ncmpc
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 102712
    1. they turned
    2. When and looked ≈but Then
    3. 1987,6378
    5. 148539,148540
    6. SV-C,Vqw3mp
    8. S
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 102711
    1. of (the) ˊAy
    2. Ay
    3. 1893,5824
    5. 148542,148543
    6. S-Td,Np
    8. -
    9. Location=Ai; Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 102713
    1. behind them
    2. behind
    3. 496,1978
    5. 148544,148545
    6. S-R,Sp3mp
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 102714
    1. and they saw
    2. -
    3. 1987,7240
    5. 148546,148547
    6. SV-C,Vqw3mp
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 102715
    1. and see/lo/see
    2. -
    3. 1987,1861
    5. 148548,148549
    6. S-C,Tm
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 102716
    1. it went up
    2. -
    3. 5945
    5. 148550
    6. V-Vqp3ms
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 102717
    1. the smoke of
    2. smoke
    3. 6029
    5. 148551
    6. S-Ncmsc
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 102718
    1. the city
    2. city
    3. 1893,5667
    5. 148552,148553
    6. S-Td,Ncfsa
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 102719
    1. to the heavens
    2. -
    3. 1893,7839,1819
    5. 148554,148555,148556
    6. S-Td,Ncmpa,Sd
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 102720
    1. and not
    2. -
    3. 1987,3835
    5. 148557,148558
    6. S-C,Tn
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 102721
    1. it was
    2. -
    3. 1929
    5. 148560
    6. V-Vqp3ms
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 102723
    1. in/among them
    2. -
    3. 846,1978
    5. 148561,148562
    6. S-R,Sp3mp
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 102724
    1. hands
    2. -
    3. 3204
    5. 148563
    6. S-Ncbda
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 102725
    1. to flee
    2. -
    3. 3705,5280
    5. 148564,148565
    6. SV-R,Vqc
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 102726
    1. hither
    2. -
    3. 1880
    5. 148566
    6. S-D
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 102727
    1. and hither
    2. -
    3. 1987,1880
    5. 148567,148568
    6. S-C,D
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 102728
    1. and the people
    2. -
    3. 1987,1893,5847
    5. 148569,148570,148571
    6. S-C,Td,Ncmsa
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 102729
    1. which was fleeing
    2. fleeing
    3. 1893,5280
    5. 148572,148573
    6. SV-Td,Vqrmsa
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 102730
    1. the wilderness
    2. wilderness
    3. 1893,4057
    5. 148574,148575
    6. S-Td,Ncmsa
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 102731
    1. it turned back
    2. -
    3. 1944
    5. 148576
    6. V-VNp3ms
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 102732
    1. against
    2. -
    3. 369
    5. 148577
    6. S-R
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 102733
    1. the pursuer[s]
    2. pursuers
    3. 1893,7259
    5. 148579,148580
    6. S-Td,Vqrmsa
    8. -
    9. Y-1451; TWar_with_Canaanites
    10. 102735

OET (OET-LV) And_ the_men_of _they_turned of_(the)_ˊAy behind_them and_they_saw and_see/lo/see it_went_up the_smoke_of the_city to_the_heavens and_not it_was in/among_them hands to_flee hither and_hither and_the_people which_was_fleeing the_wilderness it_turned_back against the_pursuer[s].

OET (OET-RV) When the men from Ay turned and looked behind them, the smoke from their city was going up into the sky, but they had nowhere to escape to. Then Yehoshua’s men who’d been fleeing towards the wilderness turned back around towards their pursuers

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The Hebrew text, lemmas, and morphology are all thanks to the OSHB and some of the glosses are from Macula Hebrew.OET logo mark

◄ ← JOS 8:20 ↑ → ► ║ ©