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interlinearVerse GEN EXO LEV NUM DEU JOB JOS JDG RUTH 1SA 2SA PSA AMOS HOS 1KI 2KI 1CH 2CH PRO ECC SNG JOEL MIC ISA ZEP HAB JER LAM YNA NAH OBA DAN EZE EZRA EST NEH HAG ZEC MAL YHN MARK MAT LUKE ACTs YAC GAL 1TH 2TH 1COR 2COR ROM COL PHM EPH PHP 1TIM TIT 1PET 2PET 2TIM HEB YUD 1YHN 2YHN 3YHN REV
Pro C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18 C19 C20 C21 C22 C23 C24 C25 C26 C27 C28 C29 C30 C31
Pro 31 V1 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 V8 V9 V10 V11 V12 V13 V14 V15 V16 V17 V18 V19 V20 V21 V22 V23 V24 V25 V26 V27 V28 V29 V30 V31
Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / quotemarks
מַה־בְּ֭רִי
what? son_of,my
[32:2](../32/02.md)–[31](../31/31.md) is a long quotation of what Lemuel’s mother told him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could indicate this with quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation.
Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / ellipsis
מַה־בְּ֭רִי וּמַֽה־בַּר־בִּטְנִ֑י וּ֝מֶה בַּר־נְדָרָֽי
what? son_of,my and,what son_of womb_of,my and,what son_of vows_of,my
Lemuel’s mother is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “What should I say to you, my son? And what should I say to you, son of my womb? And what should I say to you, son of my vows?”
Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / rquestion
מַה־בְּ֭רִי וּמַֽה־בַּר־בִּטְנִ֑י וּ֝מֶה בַּר־נְדָרָֽי
what? son_of,my and,what son_of womb_of,my and,what son_of vows_of,my
These three questions could be: (1) rhetorical questions that Lemuel’s mother asks in order to emphasize that her son should listen to what she is about to say. Alternate translation: “This is what I should tell you, my son! And this is what I should tell you, son of my womb! And this is what I should tell you, son of my vows!” (2) exclamations in which What is not introducing a question. Alternate translation: “O, my son! O, son of my womb! O, son of my vows!”
Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / possession
בַּר־בִּטְנִ֑י
son_of womb_of,my
Here, Lemuel’s mother is using the possessive form to describe a son whom she had carried in her womb. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “son whom I carried in my womb”
Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit
בַּר־נְדָרָֽי
son_of son_of vows_of,my
Here, vows could mean: (1) the promise Lemuel’s mother made to dedicate her son to God if he allowed her to have a child. Alternate translation: “son whom I dedicated to Yahweh” (2) Lemuel is the result of God hearing his mother’s vows, in which case vows would refer to prayers. Alternate translation: “son for whom I prayed”
31:1-9 Lemuel, like Agur, might have been from Massa (see study note on 30:1). Lemuel’s mother’s teaching encourages him to control his lusts (particularly for women and alcohol) so that he might reign justly.
• Apart from this passage, Lemuel is unknown.
Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.
Acknowledgements: The Hebrew text, lemmas, and morphology are all thanks to the OSHB and some of the glosses are from Macula Hebrew.