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OET (OET-LV) From then the Yaʸsous chosen_one/messiah began to_be_showing to_the apprentices/followers of_him that it_is_fitting him to_go_away to Hierousalaʸm/(Yərūshālayim), and to_suffer many things from the elders, and chief_priests, and scribes, and to_be_killed_off and on_the third day to_be_raised.
OET (OET-RV) From that time onwards, Yeshua began showing his apprentices that he needed to go to Yerushalem and to suffer at the hands of the elders and chief priests and teachers of the law there, before being executed and then coming back to life on the third day.
In the previous section, Peter declared that Jesus was the Christ (or Messiah). But Peter and the other disciples did not fully understand what it meant that Jesus was the Messiah. They probably had the same ideas as many other Jews at that time. They thought that the Messiah would be a fighting hero. He would defeat the enemies of Israel and establish a political kingdom.
In this section, Jesus began to try and teach them about the real work of Messiah. He did not come to lead armies and set up a kingdom like other countries. His work was to suffer and die and then be raised back to life again. He also told them that all those who want to follow him should prepare to suffer in the same way. He also promised that the true kingdom was coming very soon.
Here are some other possible headings for this section:
Jesus foretold/predicted his death and resurrection
Jesus Speaks about His Suffering and Death (CEV)
Jesus Says that He Must Die (NCV)
There are parallel passages for this section in Mark 8:31–9:1 and Luke 9:22–27.
In this paragraph Jesus told his disciples what was going to happen to him. This probably happened soon after the events in the previous paragraph.
From that time on Jesus began to show His disciples
¶ Beginning at that time, Jesus began to explain to his disciples
¶ From that day, Jesus began to clearly tell his disciples
¶ From then on, Jesus began telling his disciples what would happen to him. He said, (CEV)
From that time on Jesus began: This phrase marks a transition in the story of Jesus. Here the story changes from the ministry of Jesus to the preparation for his suffering and death. (This same phrase occurs at 4:17 to mark the start of his ministry.)
Here are some other ways to translate this phrase:
From that time on Jesus began (GW)
Starting from then, Jesus began
From that day, Jesus started
to show: The Greek word that the BSB translates as show can also be translated as “explain” or “make clear.” Jesus had hinted before that he would suffer and die. Now he began to make it clear to his disciples.
Here are some other ways to translate this verb:
to say plainly (GNT)
to explain (NIV)
to clearly say/tell
that He must go to Jerusalem
that it was necessary for him to go to Jerusalem
that God required him to go to Jerusalem.
“I must go to Jerusalem
that He must: The Greek word that the BSB translates as must is often used to talk about something that God’s will requires. It is sometimes translated in English as “it is necessary.”
Here are some other ways to translate this clause:
that it was necessary for him (NLT)
that it was important/required that he
that it was God’s will for him
There are four things that were “necessary” for Jesus to do at that time to follow God’s will:
go to Jerusalem (16:21b)
suffer many things (16:21c)
be killed by the leaders (16:21d)
be raised on the third day (16:21e).
If possible, translate these clauses in a way that it is clear that Jesus must do these four things. For example:
he must go…and suffer…and be killed…and be raised…
In some languages, it may be natural to repeat “must” or “(it is) necessary” as the NIV does in 16:21c. For example:
he must go…and suffer many things…and that he must be killed and…be raised… (NIV)
In some languages, it will be natural to use direct speech for 16:21b–e. For example:
He said, “I must go to Jerusalem. There the nation’s leaders, the chief priests, and the teachers of the Law of Moses will make me suffer terribly. I will be killed, but three days later I will rise to life.” (CEV)
and suffer many things at the hands of the elders, chief priests, and scribes,
and to suffer much at the hands of the elders, the leaders of the priests and the teachers of the Law of Moses.
There the elders, leading priests and teachers of the Jewish law would make him suffer pain in many ways.
and suffer many things from the elders and chief priest and teachers of the law.
suffer many things: This is the second thing that Jesus must do.
The Greek word that the BSB translates as many things indicates that Jesus must suffer in different ways.
Here are some other ways to translate this phrase:
suffer a lot (GW)
suffer many terrible things (NLT)
must have many hardships
at the hands of: The phrase at the hands of indicates that the elders, chief priests, and scribes were responsible for the suffering.
Here are some other ways to translate this idea:
from (ESV)
caused by
the elders, chief priests, and scribes: These three groups of men were the leaders of Israel. When Jesus mentioned these three groups, he was probably talking about the Sanhedrin. The Sanhedrin was the ruling body of the Jews.
In some languages, it may be good to include a footnote to make it clear that these groups were the rulers in Israel. Here is a sample footnote:
These three groups of men were the Sanhedrin. The Sanhedrin was the highest ruling body in Israel. These men lived and worked in Jerusalem.
the elders: The Greek word that the BSB translates as elders refers to the civil leaders of the Jews. These leaders were generally older men. People valued older men for their wisdom and experience.
Every location in Israel had elders who served in local governing groups. In Jerusalem the elders were a part of the Sanhedrin, the high council of the nation of Israel.
Here are some other ways to translate this word:
the rulers/councilmen
the older Jewish leaders (NCV)
the nation’s leaders (CEV)
chief priests: A priest was a religious leader who offered sacrifices to God for the people. Jewish priests led the people in worship at the temple in Jerusalem. The phrase chief priests refers to the leaders among these priests.
Here are some other ways to translate chief priests:
Use a descriptive term that focuses on the duty of priests. For example:
the leaders of the sacrificers
the elders among the men who offer sacrifices to God
the leaders of those who represent people to God
Use a local word for priest. This option may be acceptable if the duties of a local priest are similar to those of a Jewish priest. You may need to indicate that the word refers to a Jewish priest. For example:
Jewish people’s leading priests/sacrificers
The term chief priests also occurs in 2:4a. You should translate it here as you did there.
scribes: The Greek word that the BSB translates as scribes refers to men who studied, interpreted, and taught the law of Moses. These men were called scribes because their original work was to copy the laws of Moses by hand. (A scribe is someone who copies manuscripts.) In New Testament times, this was no longer their main task.
Here are some other ways to translate this term:
teachers of the Law of Moses (CEV)
teachers of religious law (NLT)
teachers of the law (NIV)
experts in the law
Translate this term in the same way as you did in 12:38a and 15:1a.
and that He must be killed
It was also necessary for him to be killed,
The leaders would cause him to die.
They will kill me,
be killed: This is the third thing that Jesus must do. In some languages, it may be necessary to make this more explicit. For example:
and he must be killed
it is necessary for him to be killed
it was God’s will for him to be killed
This verb is passive. Here are some other ways to translate it:
Use a passive verb. For example:
be put to death (NJB)
Use an active verb. For example:
the leaders must kill him
people would kill him
and on the third day be raised to life.
and to be raised back to life by God on the third day.
But God would raise him from death to life on the third day.
but God will raise me to life on the third day.”
on the third day be raised to life: This is the fourth thing that Jesus must do. In some languages, it may be necessary to make this more explicit. For example:
and he must be raised on the third day
and it is necessary for him to be raised on the third day
and it is God’s will for him to be raised on the third day
be raised to life: The verb be raised to life means “raised from the dead” or “brought back to life.”
This verb is passive. Here are some other ways to translate it:
Use a passive verb. For example:
then be raised from the dead (NCV)
then he must be raised back to life by God
Use an active verb. For example:
God will raise him from death to life
God will cause him to live again
Use another type of verb. For example:
he will become alive again
he will live again
Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / quotations
τοῖς μαθηταῖς αὐτοῦ ὅτι δεῖ αὐτὸν εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα ἀπελθεῖν, καὶ πολλὰ παθεῖν ἀπὸ τῶν πρεσβυτέρων, καὶ ἀρχιερέων, καὶ γραμματέων, καὶ ἀποκτανθῆναι καὶ τῇ τρίτῃ ἡμέρᾳ ἐγερθῆναι
˱to˲_the disciples ˱of˲_him that ˱it˲_˓is˒_fitting (Some words not found in SR-GNT: Ἀπό τότε ἤρξατο ὁ Ἰησοῦς Χριστός δεικνύειν τοῖς μαθηταῖς αὐτοῦ ὅτι δεῖ αὐτόν εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα ἀπελθεῖν καί πολλά παθεῖν ἀπό τῶν πρεσβυτέρων καί ἀρχιερέων καί γραμματέων καί ἀποκτανθῆναι καί τῇ τρίτῃ ἡμέρᾳ ἐγερθῆναι)
It may be more natural in your language to have a direct quotation here. Alternate translation: [to his disciples, saying, “It is necessary for me to go to Jerusalem and to suffer much from the elders and chief priests and scribes and to be killed and to be raised on the third day”]
Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive
ἀποκτανθῆναι
˓to_be˒_killed_off
If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that the elders and chief priests and scribes would order someone to do it. Alternate translation: [to die] or [for them to put him to death]
Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / idiom
ἐγερθῆναι
˓to_be˒_raised
Here, the word raised refers to someone who died coming back to life. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable word or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [to be restored to life]
Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive
ἐγερθῆναι
˓to_be˒_raised
If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, Matthew could be implying that: (1) God did it. Alternate translation: [to have God raise him] or [for God to raise him] (2) Jesus himself did it. Alternate translation: [to raise himself]
Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / idiom
τῇ τρίτῃ ἡμέρᾳ
˱on˲_the third day
Here, the phrase on the third day refers to the day after tomorrow. People in Jesus’ culture counted the current day as the first day, tomorrow as the second day, and the day after tomorrow as the third day. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that refers to the day after tomorrow. Alternate translation: [on the day after the next day] or [two days later]
Note 6 topic: translate-ordinal
τῇ τρίτῃ ἡμέρᾳ
˱on˲_the third day
If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you could use a cardinal number here or an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: [on day three]
16:21 This is the first of three predictions of Jesus’ passion—his suffering through betrayal, crucifixion, and death (see also 17:22-23; 20:18-19). Each prediction gives a lesson on the cost of discipleship (16:24-27; 20:20-28).
• That he would suffer was God’s sovereign and necessary purpose for the Messiah (see 17:12).
OET (OET-LV) From then the Yaʸsous chosen_one/messiah began to_be_showing to_the apprentices/followers of_him that it_is_fitting him to_go_away to Hierousalaʸm/(Yərūshālayim), and to_suffer many things from the elders, and chief_priests, and scribes, and to_be_killed_off and on_the third day to_be_raised.
OET (OET-RV) From that time onwards, Yeshua began showing his apprentices that he needed to go to Yerushalem and to suffer at the hands of the elders and chief priests and teachers of the law there, before being executed and then coming back to life on the third day.
Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.
Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the CNTR.