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OET interlinear PROV 10:4

◄ ← PROV 10:4 ↓ → ► ║ ©

Hebrew word order

    1. Hebrew word
    2. Hebrew lemma
    3. OET-LV words
    4. OET-RV words
    5. Strongs
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. רָאשׁ
    2. 390420
    3. +is poor
    4. -
    5. 7326
    6. V-Ncmsa
    7. [is]_poor
    8. S
    9. Y-1000
    10. 271851
    1. עֹשֶׂה
    2. 390421
    3. one who works
    4. -
    6. V-Vqrmsa
    7. [one_who]_works
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 271852
    1. כַף
    2. 390422
    3. a palm of
    4. -
    5. 3709
    6. O-Ncfsc
    7. a_palm_of
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 271853
    2. 390423
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-maqqef
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 271854
    1. רְמִיָּה
    2. 390424
    3. slackness
    4. -
    6. O-Ncfsa
    7. slackness
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 271855
    1. וְ,יַד
    2. 390425,390426
    3. and +the hand of
    4. -
    5. 3027
    6. S-C,Ncbsc
    7. and_[the],hand_of
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 271856
    1. חָרוּצִים
    2. 390427
    3. diligent people
    4. -
    6. S-Aampa
    7. diligent_[people]
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 271857
    1. תַּעֲשִׁיר
    2. 390428
    3. it gains riches
    4. -
    5. 6238
    6. V-Vhi3fs
    7. it_gains_riches
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 271858
    2. 390429
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-sof-pasuq
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 271859

OET (OET-LV) is_poor a_palm_of one_who_works slackness and_the_hand_of diligent_people it_gains_riches.

OET (OET-RV) Idle hands lead to poverty,
 ⇔ ^ but those who work hard gain wealth.

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 10:1–22:16: This is the main collection of Solomon’s proverbs

This section is the main collection of Solomon’s proverbs. It has a very different structure from the longer poetic lectures of chapters 1–9. It consists mostly of individual couplets (two-line poems) that are each one verse in length. With the exception of the title (10:1a), paragraph breaks will not be indicated in the Notes or Display. You may of course choose to start each proverb as a separate paragraph in your translation.

In chapters 10–15, most of these one-verse couplets express a contrast between the two lines. One of the more common contrasts is between the righteous/wise and the wicked/foolish and the different consequences of their conduct.

In chapters 16:1–22:16, more topics are discussed. There is more emphasis on the role of the king and other leaders. In these chapters, there are few proverbs with contrasting lines. Some of the parallel lines are similar in meaning. More frequently, the second line adds to what the first line says or gives an example. Most of the verses have no obvious connection with the previous or following proverbs.UBS (page 214), Fox (page 509), McKane (page 413). Many scholars, including McKane, point out that there are some topical groupings as well as poetic connections. These include the repetition of certain words or sounds. This observation does not deny the individual nature of most of the proverbs in this Section.

Two of the types of proverbs in this section are not found in chapters 1–9. One type contains logical reasoning from the lesser to the greater. See 11:31 for a list of these proverbs. There are also several varieties of complex “better than” proverbs. The most common have a contrasting situation in each line (see 12:9). For other varieties, see 16:16, 19:1, and 21:9.

Many of the proverbs in this section refer to categories of people who share a common trait. For example, they refer to the righteous, the wise, the poor, and the lazy. In Hebrew, some verses use singular forms to refer to these groups of people. Other verses use plural forms. Still others use a combination of singular and plural. See the note on 10:30a–b for one example. For most of these verses, the Notes will not comment on the difference between singular and plural forms. Use a natural way in your language to refer to one or more people who are in the same category.

Many of the proverbs in this section express a general principle in abstract terms. They are not addressed specifically to the readers. For example, 10:2a–b says:

Ill-gotten treasures are of no value,

but righteousness delivers from death.

However, the author intended his readers to understand these proverbs as advice that they should follow. In some languages, authors or speakers give advice more directly, using pronouns such as you(sing), you(plur), we(dual), or we(incl). See the note on 10:2 for translation suggestions.

Some other headings for this section are:

Proverbs of Solomon (NIV)

The Wise Words of Solomon (NCV)

Here are many wise things that Solomon said

10:4

Notice the parallel parts that contrast in meaning:

4a Idle hands make one poor,

4bbut diligent hands bring wealth.

10:4b

but diligent hands bring wealth.

10:4a–b

Idle hands…diligent hands: These phrases are figures of speech (synecdoche). In these figures of speech, hands are parts of the body that represent the entire person. Here they contrast a person who is lazy, idle, or negligent with one who is diligent, industrious, or hard working. For example:

The one who is lazy becomes poor, but the one who works diligently becomes wealthy. (NET)

This meaning may also be expressed in other ways. For example:

Being lazy will make you poor, but hard work will make you rich (GNT)

If a person is lazy, he will become poor, but if he is industrious, he will become rich.

Laziness causes poverty, but diligence results in wealth.

10:4a

Idle hands make one poor,

poor: In Hebrew, this word for poor refers to people who are extremely poor. A person who is poor has no money or other resources to rely on.

In Proverbs, there are at least three other Hebrew word roots with similar aspects of meaning.The Hebrew word used in 10:4a is raʾš (also written as raš) or ruš. Both TWOT (#2138) and NIDOTTE (H8133) say that this word refers to people who are “destitute.” It emphasizes extreme poverty. Verses in Proverbs where ruš/raš is used are: 10:4a, 13:7b, 13:8b, 13:23a, 14:20a, 17:5a, 18:23a, 19:1a, 19:7a, 19:22b, 22:2a, 22:7a, 28:3a, 28:6a, 28:27a, 29:13a. Verses where a slightly different form occurs (NIDOTTE H8203, reš/riš) are: 6:11a, 10:15b, 13:18a, 24:34a, 28:19b, 30:8b, 31:7a. Other Hebrew words that refer to poor people are: dal (see 14:31a), ʿani/ʿanaw (see 14:21b), and ʾebyon (see 14:31b). According to TWOT (#433a), dal emphasizes lack of material resources, ʿani/ʿanaw emphasizes distress or oppression, and ʾebyon emphasizes material need. In some contexts, they may emphasize one aspect of meaning more than another. But usually, they do not contrast with each other.

They all refer to people who lack money and other material resources. Often they are in need of food, clothing, and shelter. These people have low social status. They are often oppressed or treated unfairly by those who are wealthy and have higher status.

English versions translate them in different ways, depending on the context. Here almost all versions use the general words “poverty” or poor.

Some languages may have several words that refer to “poverty” or poor people. If that is true in your language, you may use a general word, as in most English versions. You may also use a more specific word that refers to extremely poor people.

In each verse where one of the Hebrew words for “poor” occurs, you will need to make a similar decision. In some languages, it will be appropriate to use the same word in most contexts. In other languages, it may be more effective to use a word that emphasizes a specific aspect of poverty.

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / synecdoche

כַף־רְמִיָּ֑ה וְ⁠יַ֖ד חָרוּצִ֣ים

hand_of slack and_[the],hand_of diligent

Here, palm and hand represent the whole person, who works by using a palm or hand. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “A person unwilling to work … but a person who works diligently”

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / abstractnouns

רָ֗אשׁ

poor

See how you translated the abstract noun poverty in [6:11](../06/11.md).

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / ellipsis

רָ֗אשׁ עֹשֶׂ֥ה & תַּעֲשִֽׁיר

poor producing & makes_rich

Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: [makes the person poor … makes the person rich]

TSN Tyndale Study Notes:

10:4-5 Lazy people are foolish, while hard workers are wise (see also 10:26; 26:13-16).

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

    1. OET-LV words
    2. OET-RV words
    3. Strongs
    4. Hebrew word
    5. Hebrew lemma
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. +is poor
    2. -
    3. 7395
    5. 390420
    6. V-Ncmsa
    8. S
    9. Y-1000
    10. 271851
    1. a palm of
    2. -
    3. 3567
    5. 390422
    6. O-Ncfsc
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 271853
    1. one who works
    2. -
    3. 6035
    5. 390421
    6. V-Vqrmsa
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 271852
    1. slackness
    2. -
    3. 7083
    5. 390424
    6. O-Ncfsa
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 271855
    1. and +the hand of
    2. -
    3. 1987,3204
    5. 390425,390426
    6. S-C,Ncbsc
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 271856
    1. diligent people
    2. -
    3. 2653
    5. 390427
    6. S-Aampa
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 271857
    1. it gains riches
    2. -
    3. 6027
    5. 390428
    6. V-Vhi3fs
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 271858

OET (OET-LV) is_poor a_palm_of one_who_works slackness and_the_hand_of diligent_people it_gains_riches.

OET (OET-RV) Idle hands lead to poverty,
 ⇔ ^ but those who work hard gain wealth.

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The Hebrew text, lemmas, and morphology are all thanks to the OSHB and some of the glosses are from Macula Hebrew.OET logo mark

◄ ← PROV 10:4 ↑ → ► ║ ©