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Prov C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18 C19 C20 C21 C22 C23 C24 C25 C26 C27 C28 C29 C30 C31

Prov 21 V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 V8 V9 V10 V11 V12 V13 V14 V15 V16 V17 V18 V19 V20 V21 V23 V24 V25 V26 V27 V28 V29 V30 V31

OET interlinear PROV 21:22

◄ ← PROV 21:22 ↓ → ► ║ ©

Hebrew word order

    1. Hebrew word
    2. Hebrew lemma
    3. OET-LV words
    4. OET-RV words
    5. Strongs
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. עִיר
    2. 394590
    3. A city of
    4. city
    6. S-Ncfsc
    7. a_city_of
    8. S
    9. Y-1000
    10. 275167
    1. גִּבֹּרִים
    2. 394591
    3. warriors
    4. warriors
    5. 1368
    6. S-Aampa
    7. warriors
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 275168
    1. עָלָה
    2. 394592
    3. he goes up
    4. -
    5. 5927
    6. V-Vqp3ms
    7. he_goes_up
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 275169
    1. חָכָם
    2. 394593
    3. a wise person
    4. -
    5. 2450
    6. S-Aamsa
    7. a_wise_[person]
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 275170
    1. וַ,יֹּרֶד
    2. 394594,394595
    3. and he brought down
    4. -
    5. 3381
    6. SV-C,Vhw3ms
    7. and,he_brought_down
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 275171
    1. עֹז
    2. 394596
    3. +the strength of
    4. strength
    5. 5797
    6. O-Ncmsc
    7. [the]_strength_of
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 275172
    1. מִבְטֶחָ,ה
    2. 394597,394598
    3. its confidence of her
    4. its confidence
    5. 4009
    6. O-Ncmsc,Sp3fs
    7. its_confidence_of,her
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 275173
    2. 394599
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-sof-pasuq
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 275174

OET (OET-LV) A_city_of warriors he_goes_up a_wise_person and_he_brought_down the_strength_of its_confidence_of_her.

OET (OET-RV) A wise man can climb up into a city of warriors,
 ⇔ → and bring down the strength of its confidence.

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 10:1–22:16: This is the main collection of Solomon’s proverbs

This section is the main collection of Solomon’s proverbs. It has a very different structure from the longer poetic lectures of chapters 1–9. It consists mostly of individual couplets (two-line poems) that are each one verse in length. With the exception of the title (10:1a), paragraph breaks will not be indicated in the Notes or Display. You may of course choose to start each proverb as a separate paragraph in your translation.

In chapters 10–15, most of these one-verse couplets express a contrast between the two lines. One of the more common contrasts is between the righteous/wise and the wicked/foolish and the different consequences of their conduct.

In chapters 16:1–22:16, more topics are discussed. There is more emphasis on the role of the king and other leaders. In these chapters, there are few proverbs with contrasting lines. Some of the parallel lines are similar in meaning. More frequently, the second line adds to what the first line says or gives an example. Most of the verses have no obvious connection with the previous or following proverbs.UBS (page 214), Fox (page 509), McKane (page 413). Many scholars, including McKane, point out that there are some topical groupings as well as poetic connections. These include the repetition of certain words or sounds. This observation does not deny the individual nature of most of the proverbs in this Section.

Two of the types of proverbs in this section are not found in chapters 1–9. One type contains logical reasoning from the lesser to the greater. See 11:31 for a list of these proverbs. There are also several varieties of complex “better than” proverbs. The most common have a contrasting situation in each line (see 12:9). For other varieties, see 16:16, 19:1, and 21:9.

Many of the proverbs in this section refer to categories of people who share a common trait. For example, they refer to the righteous, the wise, the poor, and the lazy. In Hebrew, some verses use singular forms to refer to these groups of people. Other verses use plural forms. Still others use a combination of singular and plural. See the note on 10:30a–b for one example. For most of these verses, the Notes will not comment on the difference between singular and plural forms. Use a natural way in your language to refer to one or more people who are in the same category.

Many of the proverbs in this section express a general principle in abstract terms. They are not addressed specifically to the readers. For example, 10:2a–b says:

Ill-gotten treasures are of no value,

but righteousness delivers from death.

However, the author intended his readers to understand these proverbs as advice that they should follow. In some languages, authors or speakers give advice more directly, using pronouns such as you(sing), you(plur), we(dual), or we(incl). See the note on 10:2 for translation suggestions.

Some other headings for this section are:

Proverbs of Solomon (NIV)

The Wise Words of Solomon (NCV)

Here are many wise things that Solomon said

21:22

This proverb teaches that good strategy is more important than physical force.Whybray (page 313), Murphy (page 161). It emphasizes the value of wise military leadership in defeating a strong enemy protected by a fortified city.

22aA wise man scales the city of the mighty

22band pulls down the stronghold in which they trust.

21:22a

A wise man scales the city of the mighty

A wise man scales the city of the mighty: This clause implies that the plan of one wise man can accomplish the defeat of a city that is defended with a mighty army. In the context of a battle, it is implied that the wise man directs his own troops in attacking the city.

A wise man: The wise man referred to here is probably a military leader, such as a general. If that is not clear from the context, you may want to make it explicit. For example:

A shrewd general (GNT)

scales the city of the mighty: The verb that the BSB translates as scales is literally “goes up.” In the context of “pulls down” in 21:22b, it probably indicates that the wise man and his troops climb over the walls of the city.See UBS (page 453) or Ross (page 1056). Waltke translates, “The wise scales the city walls of warriors” (page 183). If it is awkward to make these details explicit, you may translate in a general way, as most English versions have done. For example:

attack a city full of armed men (REB)

can defeat a city full of soldiers (CEV)

21:22b

and pulls down the stronghold in which they trust.

and pulls down the stronghold in which they trust: The verb that the BSB translates as pulls down is a causative verb. It indicates that the attacking soldiers cause the strong walls of the city to be broken down or destroyed. This may have involved the use of battering rams.UBS (page 453).

stronghold: In Hebrew, this word is literally “strength.” In 18:10a it occurs in the phrase “strong tower” Here “strength” may refer to a fortified area in the city walls or simply to the walls themselves.

Some other ways to translate this clause are:

and destroy the walls they relied on (GNT)

and tear down the defenses they trust in (NCV)

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / genericnoun

עִ֣יר & חָכָ֑ם וַ֝⁠יֹּ֗רֶד

(a)_city & wise and,he_brought_down

A wise one, a city, and he represent a type of person and city in general, not one particular person and city. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “Any wise one … any city of … and that person lowers”

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / metonymy

עִ֣יר & עָלָ֣ה

(a)_city & went_up

Here, ascends refers to attacking a city and climbing over its wall. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “successfully attacks a city of” or “overruns a city of”

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / metonymy

עִ֣יר גִּ֭בֹּרִים

(a)_city warriors

Here Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a city that is defended by mighty ones. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “a city defended by mighty ones”

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

וַ֝⁠יֹּ֗רֶד

and,he_brought_down

Here, brings down refers to the wise one leading his soldiers to destroy the fortifications that protect the city mentioned in the previous clause. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and he causes his soldiers to destroy”

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / metonymy

עֹ֣ז מִבְטֶחָֽ⁠ה

stronghold_of its_confidence_of,her

Here, strength refers to the strong walls and towers around the city mentioned in the previous clause. Here, its refers to the people in the city. They have confidence in the walls and do not think anyone will be able to destroy them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the strong fortifications in which they are confident”

TSN Tyndale Study Notes:

21:22 A wise military strategist can devise ways to defeat stronger forces. This makes wisdom superior to raw power (cp. Eccl 7:12; 9:13-18).

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

    1. OET-LV words
    2. OET-RV words
    3. Strongs
    4. Hebrew word
    5. Hebrew lemma
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. A city of
    2. city
    3. 5667
    5. 394590
    6. S-Ncfsc
    8. S
    9. Y-1000
    10. 275167
    1. warriors
    2. warriors
    3. 1367
    5. 394591
    6. S-Aampa
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 275168
    1. he goes up
    2. -
    3. 5945
    5. 394592
    6. V-Vqp3ms
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 275169
    1. a wise person
    2. -
    3. 2548
    5. 394593
    6. S-Aamsa
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 275170
    1. and he brought down
    2. -
    3. 1987,3297
    5. 394594,394595
    6. SV-C,Vhw3ms
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 275171
    1. +the strength of
    2. strength
    3. 6054
    5. 394596
    6. O-Ncmsc
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 275172
    1. its confidence of her
    2. its confidence
    3. 4034,1978
    5. 394597,394598
    6. O-Ncmsc,Sp3fs
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 275173

OET (OET-LV) A_city_of warriors he_goes_up a_wise_person and_he_brought_down the_strength_of its_confidence_of_her.

OET (OET-RV) A wise man can climb up into a city of warriors,
 ⇔ → and bring down the strength of its confidence.

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The Hebrew text, lemmas, and morphology are all thanks to the OSHB and some of the glosses are from Macula Hebrew.OET logo mark

◄ ← PROV 21:22 ↑ → ► ║ ©