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Prov C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18 C19 C20 C21 C22 C23 C24 C25 C26 C27 C28 C29 C30 C31

Prov 20 V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 V8 V9 V10 V11 V12 V13 V14 V15 V16 V17 V18 V19 V20 V21 V22 V23 V24 V25 V27 V28 V29 V30

OET interlinear PROV 20:26

◄ ← PROV 20:26 ↓ → ► ║ ©

Hebrew word order

    1. Hebrew word
    2. Hebrew lemma
    3. OET-LV words
    4. OET-RV words
    5. Strongs
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. מְזָרֶה
    2. 394271
    3. +is winnowing
    4. winnows
    5. 2219
    6. V-Vprmsa
    7. [is]_winnowing
    8. S
    9. Y-1000
    10. 274910
    1. רְשָׁעִים
    2. 394272
    3. wicked people
    4. wicked
    5. 7563
    6. O-Aampa
    7. wicked_[people]
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 274911
    1. מֶלֶךְ
    2. 394273
    3. a king
    4. king
    5. 4428
    6. S-Ncmsa
    7. a_king
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 274912
    1. חָכָם
    2. 394274
    3. wise
    4. -
    5. 2450
    6. S-Aamsa
    7. wise
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 274913
    1. וַ,יָּשֶׁב
    2. 394275,394276
    3. and he brought back
    4. -
    5. 7725
    6. SV-C,Vhw3ms
    7. and,he_brought_back
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 274914
    1. עֲלֵי,הֶם
    2. 394277,394278
    3. over them
    4. -
    6. S-R,Sp3mp
    7. over,them
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 274915
    1. אוֹפָן
    2. 394279
    3. a wheel
    4. -
    5. 212
    6. O-Ncmsa
    7. a_wheel
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 274916
    2. 394280
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-sof-pasuq
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 274917

OET (OET-LV) is_winnowing wicked_people a_king wise and_he_brought_back over_them a_wheel.

OET (OET-RV) A wise king winnows out the wicked to separate them.
 ⇔ ≈ He uses the thresher to break them off.

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 10:1–22:16: This is the main collection of Solomon’s proverbs

This section is the main collection of Solomon’s proverbs. It has a very different structure from the longer poetic lectures of chapters 1–9. It consists mostly of individual couplets (two-line poems) that are each one verse in length. With the exception of the title (10:1a), paragraph breaks will not be indicated in the Notes or Display. You may of course choose to start each proverb as a separate paragraph in your translation.

In chapters 10–15, most of these one-verse couplets express a contrast between the two lines. One of the more common contrasts is between the righteous/wise and the wicked/foolish and the different consequences of their conduct.

In chapters 16:1–22:16, more topics are discussed. There is more emphasis on the role of the king and other leaders. In these chapters, there are few proverbs with contrasting lines. Some of the parallel lines are similar in meaning. More frequently, the second line adds to what the first line says or gives an example. Most of the verses have no obvious connection with the previous or following proverbs.UBS (page 214), Fox (page 509), McKane (page 413). Many scholars, including McKane, point out that there are some topical groupings as well as poetic connections. These include the repetition of certain words or sounds. This observation does not deny the individual nature of most of the proverbs in this Section.

Two of the types of proverbs in this section are not found in chapters 1–9. One type contains logical reasoning from the lesser to the greater. See 11:31 for a list of these proverbs. There are also several varieties of complex “better than” proverbs. The most common have a contrasting situation in each line (see 12:9). For other varieties, see 16:16, 19:1, and 21:9.

Many of the proverbs in this section refer to categories of people who share a common trait. For example, they refer to the righteous, the wise, the poor, and the lazy. In Hebrew, some verses use singular forms to refer to these groups of people. Other verses use plural forms. Still others use a combination of singular and plural. See the note on 10:30a–b for one example. For most of these verses, the Notes will not comment on the difference between singular and plural forms. Use a natural way in your language to refer to one or more people who are in the same category.

Many of the proverbs in this section express a general principle in abstract terms. They are not addressed specifically to the readers. For example, 10:2a–b says:

Ill-gotten treasures are of no value,

but righteousness delivers from death.

However, the author intended his readers to understand these proverbs as advice that they should follow. In some languages, authors or speakers give advice more directly, using pronouns such as you(sing), you(plur), we(dual), or we(incl). See the note on 10:2 for translation suggestions.

Some other headings for this section are:

Proverbs of Solomon (NIV)

The Wise Words of Solomon (NCV)

Here are many wise things that Solomon said

20:26

This proverb uses the related metaphors of winnowing and threshing. These metaphors describe the way in which a wise king removes wicked people from his kingdom.

26aA wise king separates out the wicked

26band drives the threshing wheel over them.

Both metaphors describe the way that the chaff and husks are separated from the kernels of grain. In agricultural practice, threshing precedes winnowing. Here the order is reversed, perhaps to emphasize that the king is very thorough in removing wicked people.This suggestion comes from Waltke (page 156). UBS (page 432) and Whybray (page 302) also draw attention to the fact that winnowing and threshing are presented out of normal chronological order.

The idea of removing the wicked from the kingdom probably implies that they are punished or destroyed.UBS (page 432), Waltke (page 157), Fox (page 676), and Delitzsch (page 304) all mention the idea of punishment, but they understand that the use of the threshing wheel is figurative. Waltke and Fox specifically say that literal “torture” is not involved. Some versions make this explicit. See the General Comment on 20:26a–b at the end of 20:26b for ways to translate these metaphors.

20:26a

A wise king separates out the wicked

A wise king separates out the wicked: This metaphor is similar to the metaphor used in 20:8b. See the note there for a description of the winnowing process. Some differences between the two metaphors are:

  1. Verse 20:26a refers to wicked people, whereas 20:8b refers mainly to evil or wickedness in general.

  2. Verse 20:8b focuses on the king’s ability to distinguish evil from good. Verse 20:26a focuses on his action in getting rid of people who are evil.

20:26a–b

(combined/reordered)

20:26b

and drives the threshing wheel over them.

drives the threshing wheel over them: In Hebrew, this clause is literally “he causes the wheel to return over them.” This is a metaphor. The king’s action in separating and removing wicked people is compared to the farmer’s use of a threshing wheel.

The farmer used an animal to pull a frame or sledge. The sledge moved on heavy iron wheels or rollers with metal spikes or cutters. The sledge was driven repeatedly over bundles of grain that were spread on a stone threshing floor. This process separated the chaff and husks from the kernels of grain.This method of threshing was used when there were large quantities of grain. The description in the Notes is based on Waltke (pages 156–157), Fox (page 676), and Hubbard (page 247). They were then winnowed so the wind could blow away the useless material.

General Comment on 20:26a–b

In some languages, a literal translation of the metaphors in these two lines will not be understood correctly. In other situations, the details of the winnowing or threshing process will distract the reader from the main point of the proverb. Some ways to translate these two metaphors are:

Consider adding a footnote that explains how people threshed grain in the country of Israel. Use information from the above note on 20:26b. You may also want to add a cross-reference to your footnote on winnowing in 20:8b.

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / genericnoun

מְזָרֶ֣ה & מֶ֣לֶךְ חָכָ֑ם וַ⁠יָּ֖שֶׁב

winnows & king wise and,he_brought_back

A wise king, one who scatters, and he refer to a type of kings in general, not a specific king. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “Any wise king is one who scatters … and that king brings back”

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

מְזָרֶ֣ה

winnows

See how you translated the same use of winnows in [20:8](../20/08.md).

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

וַ⁠יָּ֖שֶׁב עֲלֵי⁠הֶ֣ם אוֹפָֽן

and,he_brought_back over,them threshing_wheel

Here Solomon speaks of a king punishing wicked ones as if he were crushing them under a wheel normally used to crush grain. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “and he severely punishes them” or “and he severely punishes them as one would crush grain under a wheel”

Note 4 topic: translate-unknown

אוֹפָֽן

threshing_wheel

Here, wheel refers to a “threshing wheel.” This is a tool that farmers used to crush grain and help separate it from the straw and chaff. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of wheel, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “a grain-crushing tool”

TSN Tyndale Study Notes:

20:26 A king represents God on earth, so he should support the godly and punish the wicked.

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

    1. OET-LV words
    2. OET-RV words
    3. Strongs
    4. Hebrew word
    5. Hebrew lemma
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. +is winnowing
    2. winnows
    3. 2145
    5. 394271
    6. V-Vprmsa
    8. S
    9. Y-1000
    10. 274910
    1. wicked people
    2. wicked
    3. 7351
    5. 394272
    6. O-Aampa
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 274911
    1. a king
    2. king
    3. 4308
    5. 394273
    6. S-Ncmsa
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 274912
    1. wise
    2. -
    3. 2548
    5. 394274
    6. S-Aamsa
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 274913
    1. and he brought back
    2. -
    3. 1987,7951
    5. 394275,394276
    6. SV-C,Vhw3ms
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 274914
    1. over them
    2. -
    3. 5837,1978
    5. 394277,394278
    6. S-R,Sp3mp
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 274915
    1. a wheel
    2. -
    3. 814
    5. 394279
    6. O-Ncmsa
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 274916

OET (OET-LV) is_winnowing wicked_people a_king wise and_he_brought_back over_them a_wheel.

OET (OET-RV) A wise king winnows out the wicked to separate them.
 ⇔ ≈ He uses the thresher to break them off.

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The Hebrew text, lemmas, and morphology are all thanks to the OSHB and some of the glosses are from Macula Hebrew.OET logo mark

◄ ← PROV 20:26 ↑ → ► ║ ©