OET interlinear PRO 20:28

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / parallelism

חֶ֣סֶד וֶ֭⁠אֱמֶת יִצְּרוּ־מֶ֑לֶךְ וְ⁠סָעַ֖ד בַּ⁠חֶ֣סֶד כִּסְאֽ⁠וֹ

loyalty and,faithfulness preserve king and,upheld in/on/at/with,righteousness throne_of,his

These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. Hebrew poetry was based on this kind of repetition, and it would be good to show this to your readers by including both phrases in your translation rather than combining them. However, if it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than and in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness guard a king; yes, his throne is sustained by covenant faithfulness”

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / abstractnouns

חֶ֣סֶד וֶ֭⁠אֱמֶת & בַּ⁠חֶ֣סֶד

loyalty and,faithfulness & in/on/at/with,righteousness

See how you translated the abstract nouns Covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness in [3:3](../03/03.md).

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

יִצְּרוּ־מֶ֑לֶךְ

preserve king

Here Solomon refers to a king protecting himself by acting with Covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness as if those two things were people who guard him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “enables a king to be protected”

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

מֶ֑לֶךְ

king

This verse describes the traits of an ideal, righteous king, not any king in general. See how you translated the same use of king in [16:10](../16/10.md).

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / genericnoun

מֶ֑לֶךְ & כִּסְאֽ⁠וֹ

king & throne_of,his

Here, a king and his throne refer to righteous kings and their thrones, not a specific king or throne. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “any good king … that king’s throne”

Note 6 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive

וְ⁠סָעַ֖ד בַּ⁠חֶ֣סֶד כִּסְאֽ⁠וֹ

and,upheld in/on/at/with,righteousness throne_of,his

If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and covenant faithfulness sustains his throne”

Note 7 topic: figures-of-speech / metonymy

וְ⁠סָעַ֖ד בַּ⁠חֶ֣סֶד כִּסְאֽ⁠וֹ

and,upheld in/on/at/with,righteousness throne_of,his

Here, throne refers to a king’s authority, which is represented by the throne that a king sits on. See how you translated the same use of throne in [16:12](../16/12.md).

Note 8 topic: figures-of-speech / personification

וְ⁠סָעַ֖ד בַּ⁠חֶ֣סֶד כִּסְאֽ⁠וֹ

and,upheld in/on/at/with,righteousness throne_of,his

Here Solomon refers to a king maintaining his authority by acting with covenant faithfulness as if covenant faithfulness were a person who could sustain him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and acting with covenant faithfulness enables him to maintain his authority”