YHN 13:18 Interlinear View

1. Greek word
2. Greek lemma
3. OET-LV words
4. OET-RV words
5. Strongs
6. Role/Morphology
7. OET Gloss
8. VLT Gloss
9. CAPS codes
10. Confidence
11. OET tags
12. OET word #
1. οὒ
2. ou
3. not
4. -
5. 37560
6. D·······
7. not
8. not
9. -
10. Y33
11. 75209
1. περί
2. peri
3. about
4. about
5. 40120
6. P·······
7. about
8. about
9. -
10. Y33
11. 75210
1. πάντων
2. pas
3. all
4. -
5. 39560
6. S····GMP
7. all
8. all
9. -
10. Y33
11. 75211
1. ὑμῶν
2. su
3. of you
4. you
5. 47710
6. R···2G·P
7. ˱of˲ you_all
8. ˱of˲ you_all
9. -
10. Y33; R74951
11. 75212
1. Λέγω
2. legō
3. I am speaking
4. talking
5. 30040
6. VIPA1··S
7. ˱I˲ ˓am˒ speaking
8. ˱I˲ ˓am˒ speaking
9. S
10. Y33
11. 75213
1. Ἐγώ
2. egō
3. I
4. -
5. 14730
6. R···1N·S
7. I
8. I
9. S
10. Y33
11. 75214
1. γάρ
2. gar
3. -
4. -
5. 10630
6. C·······
7. for
8. for
9. -
10. -
11. 75215
1. οἶδα
2. eidō
3. have known
4. -
5. 14920
6. VIEA1··S
7. ˓have˒ known
8. ˓have˒ known
9. -
10. Y33
11. 75216
1. τίνας
2. tis
3. -
4. -
5. 51010
6. R····AMP
7. whom_all
8. whom_all
9. -
10. -
11. 75217
1. οὕς
2. hos
3. whom all
4. -
5. 37390
6. R····AMP
7. whom_all
8. whom_all
9. -
10. Y33
11. 75218
1. ἐξελεξάμην
2. eklegō
3. I chose
4. chose
5. 15860
6. VIAM1··S
7. ˱I˲ chose
8. ˱I˲ chose
9. -
10. Y33
11. 75219
1. ἀλλʼ
2. alla
3. but
4. but
5. 2350
6. C·······
7. but
8. but
9. -
10. Y33
11. 75220
1. ἵνα
2. hina
3. in order that
4. -
5. 24430
6. C·······
7. in_order_that
8. in_order_that
9. -
10. Y33
11. 75221
1. πληρωθῇ
2. plēroō
3. -
4. -
5. 41370
6. VSAP3··S
7. ˓may_be˒ fulfilled
8. ˓may_be˒ fulfilled
9. -
10. -
11. 75222
1. ἡ
2. ho
3. the
4. -
5. 35880
6. E····NFS
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y33
11. 75223
1. Γραφή
2. grafē
3. scripture
4. scriptures
5. 11240
6. N····NFS
7. scripture
8. Scripture
9. W
10. Y33
11. 75224
1. πληρωθῇ
2. plēroō
3. may be fulfilled
4. fulfilled
5. 41370
6. VSAP3··S
7. ˓may_be˒ fulfilled
8. ˓may_be˒ fulfilled
9. -
10. Y33
11. 75225
1. Ὁ
2. ho
3. The one
4. -
5. 35880
6. R····NMS
7. the ‹one›
8. the ‹one›
9. B
10. Y33
11. 75226
1. τρώγων
2. trōgō
3. eating
4. -
5. 51760
6. VPPA·NMS
7. eating
8. eating
9. -
10. Y33; F75238
11. 75227
1. μετʼ
2. meta
3. with
4. -
5. 33260
6. P·······
7. with
8. with
9. -
10. Y33
11. 75228
1. ἐμοῦ
2. egō
3. me
4. -
5. 14730
6. R···1G·S
7. me
8. me
9. -
10. Y33
11. 75229
1. τόν
2. ho
3. the
4. -
5. 35880
6. E····AMS
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y33
11. 75230
1. ἄρτον
2. artos
3. bread
4. food
5. 7400
6. N····AMS
7. bread
8. bread
9. -
10. Y33
11. 75231
1. ἐπῆρεν
2. epairō
3. lifted up
4. lifted
5. 18690
6. VIAA3··S
7. lifted_up
8. lifted_up
9. -
10. Y33; F75245; F75250
11. 75232
1. ἐπῆρκεν
2. epairō
3. -
4. -
5. 18690
6. VIEA3··S
7. ˓has˒ lifted_up
8. ˓has˒ lifted_up
9. -
10. -
11. 75233
1. ἐπʼ
2. epi
3. against
4. against
5. 19090
6. P·······
7. against
8. against
9. -
10. Y33
11. 75234
1. ἐμέ
2. egō
3. me
4. -
5. 14730
6. R···1A·S
7. me
8. me
9. -
10. Y33
11. 75235
1. τήν
2. ho
3. the
4. -
5. 35880
6. E····AFS
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y33
11. 75236
1. πτέρναν
2. pterna
3. heel
4. -
5. 44180
6. N····AFS
7. heel
8. heel
9. -
10. Y33
11. 75237
1. αὐτοῦ
2. autos
3. of him
4. his
5. 8460
6. R···3GMS
7. ˱of˲ him
8. ˱of˲ him
9. -
10. Y33; R75227
11. 75238

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 13:1–20: Jesus washed his disciples’ feet

Beginning in this section, Jesus ate supper with the disciples for the last time. First he washed their feet as an example of loving service.

Here are some other possible section headings:

Jesus washed his disciples’ feet at the last supper

Jesus set an example by washing feet

Jesus served his disciples by washing their feet

Paragraph 13:18–20

Jesus told his disciples that one of them would oppose him. This would fulfill a passage in the Old Testament Scriptures.

13:18a

I am not speaking about all of you;

¶ “I am not talking about all of you^(plur).
¶ “I am not referring to you^(plur) all.
¶ “What I am saying does not apply to all of you^(plur).

I am not speaking about all of you: This clause implies that Jesus was not speaking about Judas, who would betray him. He was not one of Jesus’ true servants, and what Jesus said about serving others did not refer to him. Here are other ways to translate this clause:

What I am saying does not refer to all of you. (NET)

I am not talking about all of you. (NCV)

I am not saying these things to all of you. (NLT)

13:18b

I know whom I have chosen.

I know the people whom I have chosen.
I know those I chose to be my disciples.

I know whom I have chosen: The clause that the BSB translates as I know whom I have chosen probably indicates that Jesus knew what each of the apostles was like. He had chosen them all (see 6:70) and he knew their true nature. Here is another way to translate this clause:

I know what kind of men you are whom I have chosen to be my apostles. (TRT)

whom I have chosen: The Greek word that the BSB translates as whom is plural: “the people whom.” Jesus was referring to the twelve men whom he had chosen to be his disciples. In some languages it may be natural to make this explicit. For example:

the people/men I have chosen to be disciples

Because Jesus spoke to those whom he had chosen, it may be natural in some languages to supply a second-person pronoun. For example:

you ^(plur) whom I have chosen

13:18c

But this is to fulfill the Scripture:

But this must happen to fulfill what is written in the scriptures,
But the scripture will prove/come true that says,

But this is to fulfill the Scripture: The Greek text more literally says, “But so that the scripture might be fulfilled….” It is not a complete sentence, and some information is left implied. Different translations and scholars complete the sentence in different ways. For example:

But this fulfills the Scripture that says (NLT)

But what the Scriptures say must come true (CEV)

But the Scripture will be fulfilled (ESV)

But: The Greek conjunction that the BSB translates as But here seems to connect a negative statement (13:18a) to a positive statement (13:18d). The idea is that Jesus was not talking about all his disciples but there was one who would oppose him. Here is a way to understand this word in context:

I do not speak about all of you (I know whom I have chosen). But, fulfilling scripture, there is one who shares my bread who will oppose me.

this is to fulfill the Scripture: This clause could indicate a purpose, but more likely indicates the result of Jesus choosing who he did. One of the disciples would betray Jesus and so the scripture (Psalm 41:9) would be fulfilled. See how you translated similar expressions in Matthew 26:54 and Mark 14:49. Here are other ways to translate this clause:

the scripture must come true that says (GNT)

that the scripture may be fulfilled

the Scripture: Jesus was speaking of a particular verse of scripture (Psalm 41:9). Because it does not refer to all the Jewish scriptures, you might want to refer to a piece of scripture. For example:

a text of scripture (REB)

what is written in scripture

13:18d

‘The one who shares My bread has lifted up his heel against Me.’

‘Someone who shared my food will oppose me.’
‘The one who has eaten a meal with me has become my enemy.’

The one who shares My bread has lifted up his heel against Me: This is a quotation of Psalm 41:9. The expression The one who shares My bread means “the person who has eaten with me.” In Jewish culture eating together was a sign of friendship. This quotation refers to a close friend who became an enemy. If this is not clear, it may be necessary to make it explicit. For example:

The friend who shared my bread has opposed me

The one who shares My bread: There is a textual difficulty here:

Some Greek manuscripts say “ate my bread.” For example:
The one who eats my bread (NET) (BSB, NASB, ESV, RSV, NRSV, NET, GW, NLT, NIV, NCV)
Some Greek manuscripts say “ate bread with me.” For example:
eats bread with me (REB) (KJV, REB, NJB, CEV)

The correct reading is uncertain and either could be correct.The UBS Greek text gives the reading “ate my bread” a D rating, indicating a high degree of doubt. There is not much difference in the meaning. It is recommended that you follow the reading of your local or national Bible translation. However, a literal translation of interpretation (1) may give the wrong meaning, that this person took Jesus’ bread from him and ate it. It may be possible to say something like this instead:

He who shared my bread (NIV)

bread: The word bread could also mean “food” in the original text in the Psalms. Bread was the main food in Israel at that time, so it could represent food in general. However, because Jesus gave a piece of bread to Judas, it is good to keep the specific mention of bread. If bread is not well known in your culture, you may want to use a general expression. That is especially true if your local translation of Psalm 41 does not mention bread, For example:

The man who ate at my table (NCV)

My friend who shared my meals

He who shares my table (NJB)

has lifted up his heel against Me: This phrase is an idiom meaning something like “has acted to oppose me.” The exact meaning is uncertain, but it seems to imply insulting or abandoning someone. In some way a former friend has become an enemy. For example:

now opposes me

will be the one who becomes my enemy (Uma Back Translation)

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

οὐ περὶ πάντων ὑμῶν λέγω

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: οὒ περί πάντων ὑμῶν Λέγω Ἐγώ οἶδα οὕς ἐξελεξάμην ἀλλʼ ἵνα ἡ Γραφή πληρωθῇ Ὁ τρώγων μετʼ ἐμοῦ τόν ἄρτον ἐπῆρεν ἐπʼ ἐμέ τήν πτέρναν αὐτοῦ)

Jesus is referring back to what he just said in the previous verse. He means that not all of those to whom he is speaking will be blessed for serving each other, because one of them, Judas Iscariot, will betray him. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: [I am not speaking this about all of you] or [I am not saying that God will bless all of you]

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

ἐγὼ οἶδα τίνας ἐξελεξάμην

Jesus states that he knew the character of every person he chose to be his disciple. Therefore, he knew Judas would betray him when he chose him. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: [I know exactly the kind of men I have chosen to be my disciples]

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / ellipsis

ἀλλ’ ἵνα ἡ Γραφὴ πληρωθῇ

but in_order_that the (Some words not found in SR-GNT: οὒ περί πάντων ὑμῶν Λέγω Ἐγώ οἶδα οὕς ἐξελεξάμην ἀλλʼ ἵνα ἡ Γραφή πληρωθῇ Ὁ τρώγων μετʼ ἐμοῦ τόν ἄρτον ἐπῆρεν ἐπʼ ἐμέ τήν πτέρναν αὐτοῦ)

Jesus is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: [but I chose one who will betray me so that the scripture might be fulfilled]

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive

ἵνα ἡ Γραφὴ πληρωθῇ

in_order_that the (Some words not found in SR-GNT: οὒ περί πάντων ὑμῶν Λέγω Ἐγώ οἶδα οὕς ἐξελεξάμην ἀλλʼ ἵνα ἡ Γραφή πληρωθῇ Ὁ τρώγων μετʼ ἐμοῦ τόν ἄρτον ἐπῆρεν ἐπʼ ἐμέ τήν πτέρναν αὐτοῦ)

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: [this is in order to fulfill the scripture]

Note 5 topic: writing-quotations

ἵνα ἡ Γραφὴ πληρωθῇ

Jesus uses that the scripture might be fulfilled to introduce a quotation from an Old Testament book ([Psalm 41:9](../../psa/41/09.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase that indicates that Jesus is quoting from an important text. Alternate translation: [so that what is written in the Psalms might be fulfilled]

Note 6 topic: figures-of-speech / quotemarks

ὁ τρώγων μετ’ ἐμοῦ τὸν ἄρτον, ἐπῆρεν ἐπ’ ἐμὲ τὴν πτέρναν αὐτοῦ

This sentence is a quotation from [Psalm 41:9](../../psa/41/09.md). It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by setting off all of this material with quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation.

Note 7 topic: figures-of-speech / idiom

ὁ τρώγων μετ’ ἐμοῦ τὸν ἄρτον, ἐπῆρεν ἐπ’ ἐμὲ τὴν πτέρναν αὐτοῦ

The phrase, The one eating bread with me, here is an idiom that refers to someone who acts like a friend would act. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language. Alternate translation: [The one who has acted like he is my friend]

Note 8 topic: figures-of-speech / idiom

ἐπῆρεν ἐπ’ ἐμὲ τὴν πτέρναν αὐτοῦ

lifted_up against (Some words not found in SR-GNT: οὒ περί πάντων ὑμῶν Λέγω Ἐγώ οἶδα οὕς ἐξελεξάμην ἀλλʼ ἵνα ἡ Γραφή πληρωθῇ Ὁ τρώγων μετʼ ἐμοῦ τόν ἄρτον ἐπῆρεν ἐπʼ ἐμέ τήν πτέρναν αὐτοῦ)

Here, lifted up his heel is an idiom that refers to someone who has become an enemy. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language. Alternate translation: [has turned against me] or [has become my enemy]

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

1. OET-LV words
2. OET-RV words
3. Strongs
4. Greek word
5. Greek lemma
6. Role/Morphology
7. OET Gloss
8. VLT Gloss
9. CAPS codes
10. Confidence
11. OET tags
12. OET word #
1. I am speaking
2. talking
3. 30040
4. S
5. legō
6. V-IPA1··S
7. ˱I˲ ˓am˒ speaking
8. ˱I˲ ˓am˒ speaking
9. S
10. Y33
11. 75213
1. not
2. -
3. 37560
5. ou
6. D-·······
7. not
8. not
9. -
10. Y33
11. 75209
1. about
2. about
3. 40120
5. peri
6. P-·······
7. about
8. about
9. -
10. Y33
11. 75210
1. all
2. -
3. 39560
5. pas
6. S-····GMP
7. all
8. all
9. -
10. Y33
11. 75211
1. of you
2. you
3. 47710
5. su
6. R-···2G·P
7. ˱of˲ you_all
8. ˱of˲ you_all
9. -
10. Y33; R74951
11. 75212
1. I
2. -
3. 14730
4. S
5. egō
6. R-···1N·S
7. I
8. I
9. S
10. Y33
11. 75214
1. have known
2. -
3. 14920
5. eidō
6. V-IEA1··S
7. ˓have˒ known
8. ˓have˒ known
9. -
10. Y33
11. 75216
1. whom all
2. -
3. 37390
5. hos
6. R-····AMP
7. whom_all
8. whom_all
9. -
10. Y33
11. 75218
1. I chose
2. chose
3. 15860
5. eklegō
6. V-IAM1··S
7. ˱I˲ chose
8. ˱I˲ chose
9. -
10. Y33
11. 75219
1. but
2. but
3. 2350
5. alla
6. C-·······
7. but
8. but
9. -
10. Y33
11. 75220
1. in order that
2. -
3. 24430
5. hina
6. C-·······
7. in_order_that
8. in_order_that
9. -
10. Y33
11. 75221
1. the
2. -
3. 35880
5. ho
6. E-····NFS
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y33
11. 75223
1. scripture
2. scriptures
3. 11240
4. W
5. grafē
6. N-····NFS
7. scripture
8. Scripture
9. W
10. Y33
11. 75224
1. may be fulfilled
2. fulfilled
3. 41370
5. plēroō
6. V-SAP3··S
7. ˓may_be˒ fulfilled
8. ˓may_be˒ fulfilled
9. -
10. Y33
11. 75225
1. The one
2. -
3. 35880
4. B
5. ho
6. R-····NMS
7. the ‹one›
8. the ‹one›
9. B
10. Y33
11. 75226
1. eating
2. -
3. 51760
5. trōgō
6. V-PPA·NMS
7. eating
8. eating
9. -
10. Y33; F75238
11. 75227
1. the
2. -
3. 35880
5. ho
6. E-····AMS
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y33
11. 75230
1. bread
2. food
3. 7400
5. artos
6. N-····AMS
7. bread
8. bread
9. -
10. Y33
11. 75231
1. with
2. -
3. 33260
5. meta
6. P-·······
7. with
8. with
9. -
10. Y33
11. 75228
1. me
2. -
3. 14730
5. egō
6. R-···1G·S
7. me
8. me
9. -
10. Y33
11. 75229
1. lifted up
2. lifted
3. 18690
5. epairō
6. V-IAA3··S
7. lifted_up
8. lifted_up
9. -
10. Y33; F75245; F75250
11. 75232
1. the
2. -
3. 35880
5. ho
6. E-····AFS
7. the
8. the
9. -
10. Y33
11. 75236
1. heel
2. -
3. 44180
5. pterna
6. N-····AFS
7. heel
8. heel
9. -
10. Y33
11. 75237
1. of him
2. his
3. 8460
5. autos
6. R-···3GMS
7. ˱of˲ him
8. ˱of˲ him
9. -
10. Y33; R75227
11. 75238
1. against
2. against
3. 19090
5. epi
6. P-·······
7. against
8. against
9. -
10. Y33
11. 75234
1. me
2. -
3. 14730
5. egō
6. R-···1A·S
7. me
8. me
9. -
10. Y33
11. 75235

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the CNTR.

OET interlinear YHN (JHN) 13:18