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Prov C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18 C19 C20 C21 C22 C23 C24 C25 C26 C27 C28 C29 C30 C31

Prov 30 V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 V8 V9 V10 V11 V12 V13 V14 V15 V16 V17 V18 V19 V20 V21 V23 V24 V25 V26 V27 V28 V29 V30 V31 V32 V33

OET interlinear PROV 30:22

◄ ← PROV 30:22 ↓ → ► ║ ©

Hebrew word order

    1. Hebrew word
    2. Hebrew lemma
    3. OET-LV words
    4. OET-RV words
    5. Strongs
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. תַּֽחַת
    2. 398270
    3. Under
    4. -
    5. 8478
    6. S-R
    7. under
    8. S
    9. Y-700
    10. 277984
    2. 398271
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-maqqef
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 277985
    1. עֶבֶד
    2. 398272
    3. a slave
    4. slave
    5. 5650
    6. S-Ncmsa
    7. a_slave
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277986
    1. כִּי
    2. 398273
    3. if/because
    4. -
    6. S-C
    7. if/because
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277987
    1. יִמְלוֹךְ
    2. 398274
    3. he will become king
    4. becoming king
    6. V-Vqi3ms
    7. he_will_become_king
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277988
    1. וְ,נָבָל
    2. 398275,398276
    3. and a fool
    4. -
    5. 5036
    6. S-C,Aamsa
    7. and,a_fool
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277989
    1. כִּי
    2. 398277
    3. if/because
    4. -
    6. S-C
    7. if/because
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277990
    1. יִשְׂבַּֽע
    2. 398278
    3. he will be satisfied
    4. -
    5. 7646
    6. V-Vqi3ms
    7. he_will_be_satisfied
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277991
    2. 398279
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-maqqef
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 277992
    1. לָחֶם
    2. 398280
    3. food
    4. -
    5. 3899
    6. O-Ncbsa
    7. food
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277993
    2. 398281
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-sof-pasuq
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 277994

OET (OET-LV) Under a_slave if/because he_will_become_king and_a_fool if/because he_will_be_satisfied food.

OET (OET-RV)  • 1. a slave becoming king,
 • 2. a fool who has plenty to eat,

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 30:1–33: Here are the sayings of Agur

This section is a collection of verses that were written or organized by Agur the son of Jakeh.Some scholars think that Agur wrote or collected only verses 1–4, 1–6, 1–9, or 1–14. UBS (page 617), Toy (page 518), and Longman (page 513) are among those who list some of these possibilities. The GNT indicates with quotation marks that Agur’s words end after v.6. No other versions indicate that Agur’s words end before the end of the chapter. Waltke (volume I, page 26) strongly defends the entire chapter as the “oracle” of Agur on the basis of its structural unity. Kidner (page 178) divides the chapter into two sections (1–9) and (10–33), but identifies both as coming from “the sage.” The title of this section (30:1a) is the only place in Scripture that Agur is mentioned. The section is divided into paragraphs that vary from one to five verses. The Notes will suggest a paragraph heading for all paragraphs after 30:1a. It is suggested that you use similar headings in your translation to help the readers follow the changes of topic and audience.

The first nine verses contain Agur’s personal thoughts and prayers. Some are addressed to God, others to his audience. The rest of the chapter contains proverbs on various topics. Some are individual warnings or statements (30:10, 17, 20, 32–33). Others contain several kinds of lists of four items each. The lists in verses 15b–16, 18–19, 21–23, and 29–31 have the same form as the numerical proverb in 6:16–19. (See the paragraph summary for 6:16–19 and the notes on 6:16a–b.) The lists in verses 11–14 and 24–28 have different forms. These will be described in the paragraph summaries where they first occur.

Some other headings for this section are:

The Words of Agur (ESV)

Wise Words from Agur (NCV)

Words that the LORD caused Agur to make known

Paragraph 30:21–23 Four types of people that cannot be tolerated

This is a numerical proverb that has the same form as 30:18–19. The author lists four types of people who unexpectedly experience an improved change in status.Ross (page 1125) says that the four types of people “are suddenly elevated in their status in life.” Longman (page 531) says that the “order and hierarchy” in society “is disturbed.” UBS (page 637) speaks of “people who experience a change in their fortunes.” As a result, their attitude and conduct cannot be tolerated.

30:22–23

The underlined parallel parts identify four types of people who become unbearable due to their change in status. The parts in bold print describe their new status.

22a a servant who becomes king,

22b a fool who is full with food,

23a an unloved woman who marries,

23band a maidservant who supplants her mistress.

30:22a

a servant who becomes king,

a servant who becomes king: In this context, the word servant or “slave” probably refers to someone of low status. It probably does not refer to an official who serves the king.Waltke (page 493) says that a household slave would not be in a position to take over as king, so this person is probably a high official. Toy (page 532) says it could refer to a military officer far below the king. Fox (page 875) categorically declares that the word does not refer here to a high-ranking official. He says that the word “servant/slave” must be modified by the phrase “of the king” in order to refer to an official. Here that is not the case. Longman (page 531) and Hubbard (page 467) both point out that a servant/slave would not have the background to rule as king, so it would fit the context of an intolerable change of status. A high-ranking official or even a competent military officer would probably do a much better job of ruling. If a servant became king, he would not know how to rule well. He would probably also be arrogant because of his new position as king. See the note on “servant” in 30:10a.

30:22b

a fool who is filled with food,

a fool who is filled with food: There are two ways to interpret the phrase is filled with food:

  1. It means that the fool has plenty to eat. It implies that he has now become prosperous. For example:

    a godless fool who gets plenty to eat (NIV11)

    a fool who has all he wants to eat (GNT) (NCV, NIV11, NLT, GNT, NETThe NET translation could be understood to follow either interpretation. However, the NET footnote is clear that their translation intends to refer to prosperity, not just to a fool gorging himself on a single meal.)

  2. It means that the fool eats until he is full or overfull. For example:

    a fool gorging himself (REB) (BSB, CEV, ESV, GW, NAB, NASB, NIV, NJB, NJPS, NRSV, REB)

It is recommended that you follow interpretation (1), along with most scholars.Commentaries that support the first interpretation include UBS, Waltke, Longman, Garrett, Ross, Whybray, Toy, Delitzsch, Murphy, and the NET footnote (sn). This interpretation implies a change in social status similar to the long-term changes described in the other three items in the list. Interpretation (2) probably refers to eating too much at a particular meal rather than an actual change in social status.

fool: The Hebrew word nabal, which the BSB translates here as fool, describes a person who is morally foolish. In addition, this kind of fool does not believe in God. He acts in a disgraceful way and has no proper sense of shame. When this kind of person becomes wealthy, it is difficult for other people to tolerate. They expect God to bless people who are wise and industrious, not fools. See fool 3 in the Glossary.

Some other ways to translate this line are:

a foolish person who has plenty to eat (NCV)

a rude/disgraceful fool who gains wealth and has all the food and other things that he needs

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / hyperbole

תַּֽחַת

under

See how you translated under in the previous verse.

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / genericnoun

עֶ֭בֶד כִּ֣י יִמְל֑וֹךְ וְ֝⁠נָבָ֗ל כִּ֣י יִֽשְׂבַּֽע

slave that/for/because/then/when becomes_king and,a_fool that/for/because/then/when satisfied

Here, a slave, he, and a worthless one refer types of people in general, not specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “any slave when that slave becomes king, and any worthless one when that person is satisfied with”

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive

יִֽשְׂבַּֽע

satisfied

If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he gets enough”

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / synecdoche

לָֽחֶם

food

See how you translated the same use of bread in [9:5](../09/05.md).

TSN Tyndale Study Notes:

30:21-23 This proverb lists four things that make the earth tremble because they overturn the order of things.
• who prospers (literally who is full of bread): In the ancient Near East as in much of the non-industrialized world today, having adequate food (bread) was a sign of prosperity.

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

    1. OET-LV words
    2. OET-RV words
    3. Strongs
    4. Hebrew word
    5. Hebrew lemma
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. Under
    2. -
    3. 8310
    5. 398270
    6. S-R
    8. S
    9. Y-700
    10. 277984
    1. a slave
    2. slave
    3. 5754
    5. 398272
    6. S-Ncmsa
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277986
    1. if/because
    2. -
    3. 3482
    5. 398273
    6. S-C
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277987
    1. he will become king
    2. becoming king
    3. 4694
    5. 398274
    6. V-Vqi3ms
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277988
    1. and a fool
    2. -
    3. 1987,5117
    5. 398275,398276
    6. S-C,Aamsa
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277989
    1. if/because
    2. -
    3. 3482
    5. 398277
    6. S-C
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277990
    1. he will be satisfied
    2. -
    3. 8073
    5. 398278
    6. V-Vqi3ms
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277991
    1. food
    2. -
    3. 3759
    5. 398280
    6. O-Ncbsa
    8. -
    9. Y-700
    10. 277993

OET (OET-LV) Under a_slave if/because he_will_become_king and_a_fool if/because he_will_be_satisfied food.

OET (OET-RV)  • 1. a slave becoming king,
 • 2. a fool who has plenty to eat,

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The Hebrew text, lemmas, and morphology are all thanks to the OSHB and some of the glosses are from Macula Hebrew.OET logo mark

◄ ← PROV 30:22 ↑ → ► ║ ©