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Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / quotesinquotes
Δαυεὶδ οὖν, Κύριον, αὐτὸν καλεῖ
(Some words not found in SR-GNT: Δαυὶδ οὖν αὐτὸν Κύριον καλεῖ καὶ πῶς αὐτοῦ υἱός ἐστιν)
If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: [David therefore calls the Messiah his Lord]
Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit
Δαυεὶδ οὖν, Κύριον, αὐτὸν καλεῖ
(Some words not found in SR-GNT: Δαυὶδ οὖν αὐτὸν Κύριον καλεῖ καὶ πῶς αὐτοῦ υἱός ἐστιν)
In this culture, an ancestor was more respected than a descendant. But to call someone Lord was to address that person as the more respected one. As the General Notes to this chapter describe, this is a paradox, that is, is a statement that describes two things that seem as if they cannot both be true at the same time, but which actually are both true. Jesus is calling attention to this paradox to get his listeners to think more deeply about who the Messiah is. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate explicitly what makes this a paradox. Alternate translation: [David therefore addresses the Messiah respectfully as his Lord. But if the Messiah is his descendant, David should be the more respected person]
Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / rquestion
καὶ πῶς υἱός αὐτοῦ ἐστιν?
and how (Some words not found in SR-GNT: Δαυὶδ οὖν αὐτὸν Κύριον καλεῖ καὶ πῶς αὐτοῦ υἱός ἐστιν)
Like the question in 20:41, this seems to be a question that Jesus wanted his listeners to try to answer, even though he is also using it to teach. It is a difficult question, like the ones they asked him, which he answered well. They will not be able to answer his question, and this should give them a further appreciation for his wisdom, in addition to what they might learn from reflecting on the question later. So it would be appropriate to leave it in question form and not translate it as a statement. Alternate translation: [So why do people say that the Messiah is David’s descendant?]
Note 4 topic: grammar-connect-logic-result
καὶ
and
Jesus is using the word And to show that a conclusion should be drawn as a result of what he has just said, and that this conclusion would be different from what his listeners had previously believed. Alternate translation: [So]
Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor
υἱός
son
Here Jesus is using the term son to mean “descendant.” Alternate translation: [descendant]
20:44 Jesus asked why David addressed his son (i.e., his descendant) as his Lord. The implied answer was that the Messiah was more than just a human king descended from David. He is Lord of all (see 2:11; Acts 10:36). Psalm 110:1 became an important text for the apostles, confirming Jesus’ identity as the Son of God (see Mark 14:62; Acts 2:34; 7:56; Rom 8:34; 1 Cor 15:25; Eph 1:20; Col 3:1; Heb 1:3, 13; 8:1; 10:12-13; 1 Pet 3:22; Rev 3:21).
Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.
Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the SR-GNT.