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OET (OET-LV) And having_come_out about the eleventh, he_found others having_stood, and he_is_saying to_them:
Why have_you_all_stood here idle all the day?
OET (OET-RV) When he came out around 5pm and there were still people just standing around, he asked them, ‘Why have you been idly standing here all day?’
In this section, Jesus told a parable about some vineyard workers and the man who owned the vineyard. Even though the workers worked for a different number of hours, the owner gave them all the same pay. This parable continues the discussion about rewards for being a disciple (19:27–29). It also helps to explain the meaning of the saying “many who are first will be last, and the last will be first” (19:30). The main point of the parable is about God’s grace. In the kingdom, God gives his servants much more than they deserve. In the kingdom, the values are different than the values here on earth.
Here are some other possible headings for this section:
The story about men who worked in a field of grapes
A story that shows God’s generosity/grace
Rewards for serving God
This parable occurs only in the book of Matthew.
About the eleventh hour he went out
About 5 o’clock in the afternoon, the landowner went to the market again,
Finally, an hour before sundown he went again to the public square.
Verses 20:6–7 are about the master’s final trip to the marketplace. You should begin these verses in a way that is natural in your language. For example:
Later
Then
Finally (CEV)
About the eleventh hour: The phrase the eleventh hour refers to 5 o’clock in the afternoon. It is about one hour before sundown.
Here are some other ways to translate this phrase:
at about five o’clock (JBP)
an hour before sundown (REB)
About 5 p.m. (GW)
he went out: The Greek verb that the BSB here translates as he went out is the same verb that occurs in 20:3a and 20:5b. The master left his house and went to the market.
and found still others standing around.
and he found other men standing around doing nothing.
He looked for and found some other men standing there with no work to do.
and found still others standing around: The verb found implies that the master was searching for more workers. Here the verb is not “saw” as in 20:3b.
Here are some other ways to translate this clause:
looking for some other workers and found some standing
and met some other men standing
standing: This is the same verb as in 20:3b. Translate it the same way in both places.
‘Why have you been standing here all day long doing nothing?’ he asked.
So he said to them, ‘Why have you been standing here all day doing nothing?’
‘How is it that you have been standing/waiting here the whole day with no work to do?’ he asked them.
He asked them why they were standing there all day doing nothing.
Why have you been standing here: This is a real question. It is not a rhetorical question. In some languages, the word Why indicates a rebuke in a rhetorical question. If that is true in your language, you may need to change the form of the question. For example:
How is it that you have been standing here…?
have you been standing here: The form of the Greek verb that the BSB translates as standing indicates that these men had been waiting in the marketplace for a while.
Here is another way to translate this clause:
you have been standing here
all day long: This is a slight exaggeration, because the day was not yet over.
Here is another way to translate this whole clause:
Why haven’t you been working today? (NLT)
doing nothing: The Greek word that the BSB translates doing nothing means that these men were not working. They were waiting to be hired. Your translation should not imply that they were lazy or did not want to work.
Here are some other ways to translate this word:
idle (ESV)
waiting for a job
This same word occurs in 20:3b. Translate it the same way in both places.
he asked: The pronoun he refers to the landowner. The verb asked introduces a question.
Here is another way to translate this clause:
the landowner asked them
Note 1 topic: grammar-connect-words-phrases
δὲ
(Some words not found in SR-GNT: περί Δέ τήν ἑνδεκάτην ἐξελθών εὗρεν ἄλλους ἑστῶτας καί λέγει αὐτοῖς Τί ὧδε ἑστήκατε ὅλην τήν ἡμέραν ἀργοί)
Here, the word Now introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave Now untranslated. Alternate translation: [Then]
Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / go
ἐξελθὼν
(Some words not found in SR-GNT: περί Δέ τήν ἑνδεκάτην ἐξελθών εὗρεν ἄλλους ἑστῶτας καί λέγει αὐτοῖς Τί ὧδε ἑστήκατε ὅλην τήν ἡμέραν ἀργοί)
In a context such as this, your language might say “come” instead of gone. Alternate translation: [having come out]
Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit
περὶ & τὴν ἑνδεκάτην
(Some words not found in SR-GNT: περί Δέ τήν ἑνδεκάτην ἐξελθών εὗρεν ἄλλους ἑστῶτας καί λέγει αὐτοῖς Τί ὧδε ἑστήκατε ὅλην τήν ἡμέραν ἀργοί)
In this culture, people began counting the hours each day beginning around daybreak at six o’clock in the morning. So, the eleventh hour would be around five o’clock in the afternoon. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this in the way the people of your culture reckon time. See how you translated the similar time reference in [20:3](../20/03.md). Alternate translation: [about 5:00 PM]
Note 4 topic: translate-ordinal
τὴν ἑνδεκάτην
(Some words not found in SR-GNT: περί Δέ τήν ἑνδεκάτην ἐξελθών εὗρεν ἄλλους ἑστῶτας καί λέγει αὐτοῖς Τί ὧδε ἑστήκατε ὅλην τήν ἡμέραν ἀργοί)
If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you could use a cardinal number here or an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: [hour eleven]
Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit
ἄλλους ἑστῶτας & ὧδε ἑστήκατε & ἀργοί
others ˓having˒_stood & here ˱you_all˲_˓have˒_stood & idle
In Jesus’ culture, people would wait in the marketplace when they wanted to find work. If they had not yet found work, they would be standing idle. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: [others still looking for work … have you been standing here looking for work]
Note 6 topic: translate-tense
λέγει
˱he˲_˓is˒_saying
To call attention to a development in the story, Jesus uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: [he said]
Note 7 topic: figures-of-speech / quotesinquotes
λέγει αὐτοῖς, τί ὧδε ἑστήκατε ὅλην τὴν ἡμέραν ἀργοί
˱he˲_˓is˒_saying ˱to˲_them (Some words not found in SR-GNT: περί Δέ τήν ἑνδεκάτην ἐξελθών εὗρεν ἄλλους ἑστῶτας καί λέγει αὐτοῖς Τί ὧδε ἑστήκατε ὅλην τήν ἡμέραν ἀργοί)
If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: [he asks them why they had stood there idle the whole day.]
20:1-16 This parable is similar to the parable of the Lost Son (Luke 15:11-32). In both, God’s grace is shown to two parties while one grumbles about unjust treatment.
OET (OET-LV) And having_come_out about the eleventh, he_found others having_stood, and he_is_saying to_them:
Why have_you_all_stood here idle all the day?
OET (OET-RV) When he came out around 5pm and there were still people just standing around, he asked them, ‘Why have you been idly standing here all day?’
Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.
Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the CNTR.