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In this section, Jesus again dealt with the issue of who is important. In 18:1–4, the disciples had asked Jesus “Who then is the greatest in the kingdom of heaven?” Jesus had answered them there. Here, the mother of James and John asked Jesus to give her two sons the most important positions in his kingdom. Jesus again responded to the disciples’ concern to become important people.
Jesus said that the most important person in his kingdom is the person who behaves like a servant rather than like someone in charge. He finished by saying that he himself came to help other people rather than to ask other to help him. He showed that the values in his kingdom are different than the values here on earth.
Here are some other possible headings for this section:
The Request of the Mother of James and John (NRSV)
The mother of James and John asks Jesus to make her sons the most people in his kingdom
Jesus Teaches about Serving Others (NLT)
There is a parallel passage for this section in Mark 10:35–45.
When the ten heard about this,
¶ When the ten others heard about that,
¶ When the other ten disciples heard about what the two brothers James and John had asked,
When the ten heard about this: Somehow, the other ten disciples heard/learned that James’ and John’s mother had asked Jesus to give them places of special honor. The text does not indicate who told them, or how they heard about it.
Here are some other ways to translate this clause:
When the ten heard it (ESV)
When the ten other disciples heard what James and John had asked (NLT)
the ten: This phrase refers to the other ten disciples. In some languages, it may be natural to make this explicit. For example:
the other ten disciples (GNT)
they were indignant with the two brothers.
they became angry with the two brothers.
they were upset/annoyed with them(dual).
they were indignant: The Greek verb that the BSB translates as indignant means “angry.” Matthew uses it in two other places to describe inappropriate anger (21:15 and 26:8). The other disciples were upset that James and John were trying to get ahead of them. They were angry because they were jealous.
Here are some other ways to translate this verb:
became angry (GNT)
very upset/annoyed
Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / nominaladj
οἱ δέκα
the ten
Matthew is using the number ten as a noun to refer to other ten disciples. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this number with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: [the other ten disciples] or [the rest of the disciples]
20:24 The other disciples . . . were indignant: Selfish ambition was apparently not unique to James and John (see also 21:15; 26:8; Luke 13:14).
Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.
Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and VLT gloss are all thanks to the CNTR.