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OET interlinear PROV 23:28

◄ ← PROV 23:28 ↓ → ► ║ ©

Hebrew word order

    1. Hebrew word
    2. Hebrew lemma
    3. OET-LV words
    4. OET-RV words
    5. Strongs
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. אַף
    2. 395485
    3. Also
    4. -
    5. 637
    6. S-Ta
    7. also
    8. S
    9. Y-1000
    10. 275841
    2. 395486
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-maqqef
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 275842
    1. הִיא
    2. 395487
    3. she
    4. -
    5. 1931
    6. S-Pp3fs
    7. she
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 275843
    1. כְּ,חֶתֶף
    2. 395488,395489
    3. like a robber
    4. robber
    5. 2863
    6. S-R,Ncmsa
    7. like,a_robber
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 275844
    1. תֶּֽאֱרֹב
    2. 395490
    3. she lies in wait
    4. -
    5. 693
    6. V-Vqi3fs
    7. she_lies_in_wait
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 275845
    1. וּ,בוֹגְדִים
    2. 395491,395492
    3. and those who act treacherously
    4. and
    5. 898
    6. SO-C,Vqrmpa
    7. and,[those_who]_act_treacherously
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 275846
    1. בְּ,אָדָם
    2. 395493,395494
    3. among humankind
    4. in men
    5. 120
    6. S-R,Ncmsa
    7. among,humankind
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 275847
    1. תּוֹסִף
    2. 395495
    3. she increases
    4. -
    5. 3254
    6. V-Vhi3fs
    7. she_increases
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 275848
    2. 395496
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-sof-pasuq
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 275849

OET (OET-LV) Also she like_a_robber she_lies_in_wait and_those_who_act_treacherously among_humankind she_increases.

OET (OET-RV) They lie in wait like a robber would,
 ⇔ and keep adding to the number of men who become unfaithful.

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 22:17–24:22: Here are thirty sayings of wise people

This section follows the main collection of Solomon’s proverbs (10:1–22:16). It differs in significant ways from this preceding section:These differences were summarized from a number of commentaries, including UBS (page 472), Waltke (2004, page 22), and Hubbard (page 351).

  1. The preceding section has mostly two-line proverbs that are one verse in length. This section has proverbs of a different form. They are sayings that range from one to seven verses. Most of the sayings are two or three verses in length. Each saying will be marked as a separate paragraph in the Notes.

  2. Many of the proverbs in the preceding section express a general principle. They are not addressed specifically to the readers. Most of the sayings here contain direct commands. They advise the reader or listener either to follow wise behavior or avoid foolish behavior. Most of the sayings also give a reason or motive for following the command.

  3. As in chapters 1–9, the author addresses his reader or listener as a father who advises his son. He uses second person commands and pronouns (you(sing)). See the note on 23:15 for a list of verses where the words “my son” occur.

Some other headings for this section are:

Thirty Wise Sayings (CEV)

Words of the Wise (ESV)

Thirty Sayings of the Wise (NIV11)

Verse 22:20 mentions “thirty sayings,” but the Hebrew text itself does not number the sayings. Some versions that use the word “thirty” in the section heading also give a number as a separate heading for each saying. The GNT and CEV start numbering the sayings at 22:22. They have a total of thirty-one paragraphs. In these versions, the first paragraph (22:17–21) serves as an introduction to the thirty sayings (22:22–24:22).Scholars who identify 22:17–21 as the first saying include Hubbard (page 352), Fox (page 707), and Waltke (2004, page 22). Scholars who identify these verses as an introduction to the sayings that follow include Whybray (page 325) and Murphy (page 170). See also the NET footnote (b) on 22:16. Whether these introductory verses form the first saying or simply introduce the following sayings, all scholars agree that they function as an introduction to the whole section. Other versions, such as the NIV, NCV, and NLT, divide the paragraphs in the same way but do not have separate headings for each section. You may use either option in your translation.The NIV11 gives a number as a separate heading for each saying. But it counts the first paragraph as the first saying, and has a total of thirty paragraphs. Other versions have more or fewer paragraphs. For example, the ESV and NRSV have fifteen paragraphs. The NJB has thirty-four. Still other versions, such as the RSV, NET, and NJPS, do not group the verses into sayings or paragraphs.

For the convenience of those who decide to identify the number of each saying in their translation, the Notes will put the number in the paragraph headings, using the same numbering system as the GNT or CEV. These numbers will not be used in the Display.

Paragraph 23:26–28 Saying 17

This saying begins with a general command: the father urges his son to carefully follow his advice (23:26). This command applies specifically to Saying 17, but it may also introduce Saying 18.According to Toy (page 436), the admonition in 23:26 applies to both of the topics that follow. In 23:27–28, the father warns his son about the dangers of getting involved with an immoral woman.

23:28

This verse continues the warning in 23:27. The first line describes the way that an immoral woman traps a man. The second line describes a result of her activities.

28aLike a robber she lies in wait,

28band multiplies the faithless among men.

23:28a

Like a robber she lies in wait

In Hebrew, this verse begins with a word that introduces or emphasizes another aspect of what the woman does. For example:

Yes, like a brigand, she lies in wait (NJB)

Indeed, she lies in wait like a robber (NET)

Most versions do not translate this word explicitly.

Like a robber she lies in wait: This is a simile. It compares the way that an immoral woman seduces a man to the way that a robber hides and waits in order to rob someone. Some similarities are:

  1. Both the woman and the robber have evil intentions. They both want to get the man’s money.

  2. In both situations, the victim does not suspect that he faces danger.

she: In Hebrew, this pronoun is singular. Many versions translate it as she. It may refer to any of the immoral women that are described in 23:27a–b. Some versions translate it as “they.”

lies in wait: This phrase is one word in Hebrew. It occurs in a similar context in 7:12b. There the BSB translates it as “lurks.” See the translation advice there.In Proverbs, this Hebrew verb occurs twice with a literal meaning (1:11b, 24:15a). It occurs four times with a figurative meaning (1:18a, 7:12b, 12:6a, 23:38a).

Some other ways to translate this line are:

They wait for you like robbers (GNT)

They ambush you like robbers (NCV)

23:28b

and multiplies the faithless among men.

and multiplies the faithless among men: This clause describes what happens when an immoral woman seduces a man. She increases the number of men who are faithless or “unfaithful” (NIV).

faithless: In Hebrew, this word probably refers here to men who are disloyal or break their promise to someone. It means that they lack faithfulness. It does not mean that they lack faith in God.

The verse does not specify the object of the word faithless. Men who have sex with a prostitute or an adulteress are:

  1. Unfaithful to their wives. They break their marriage vows.

  2. They are also faithless to God or God’s law. They break their promise to obey God and follow his laws.

If possible, translate in a way that allows either meaning. For example:

and cause many men to be unfaithful (GNT)

If you need to specify one of these options in your language, specify option (a). For example:

and cause many men to be unfaithful to their wives (NCV)

As a result, she adds to the number of men who have broken their wedding vows.

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / simile

הִ֭יא כְּ⁠חֶ֣תֶף תֶּֽאֱרֹ֑ב

she/it like,a_robber lies_in_wait

Here, the writer compares a prostitute to a robber who lies in wait because she wants to get the man’s money. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. See how you translated lies in wait in [7:12](../07/12.md). Alternate translation: “she herself lies in wait like a robber to steal a man’s money ”

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / rpronouns

הִ֭יא & תֶּֽאֱרֹ֑ב

she/it & lies_in_wait

The writer uses the word herself to emphasize who it is who harms men. Use a way that is natural in your language to indicate this significance. Alternate translation: “she is the very one who lies in wait”

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

וּ֝⁠בוֹגְדִ֗ים & תּוֹסִֽף

and,[those_who]_act_treacherously & increases

Here the writer speaks of a prostitute causing men to act unfaithfully as if she were adding them to a group of treacherous ones. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and she causes more men to become treacherous”

Note 4 topic: grammar-collectivenouns

בְּ⁠אָדָ֥ם

among,humankind

In this verse, the word man is singular in form, but it refers to all men as a group. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say this plainly, as in the UST.

TSN Tyndale Study Notes:

23:26-28 Saying 17: Falling for a promiscuous woman is a trap, not a source of benefit. Proverbs repeatedly emphasizes avoiding sexual relations outside of marriage (see ch 5; 6:20-35; 7:1-27).

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

    1. OET-LV words
    2. OET-RV words
    3. Strongs
    4. Hebrew word
    5. Hebrew lemma
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. Also
    2. -
    3. 545
    5. 395485
    6. S-Ta
    8. S
    9. Y-1000
    10. 275841
    1. she
    2. -
    3. 1855
    5. 395487
    6. S-Pp3fs
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 275843
    1. like a robber
    2. robber
    3. 3418,2424
    5. 395488,395489
    6. S-R,Ncmsa
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 275844
    1. she lies in wait
    2. -
    3. 728
    5. 395490
    6. V-Vqi3fs
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 275845
    1. and those who act treacherously
    2. and
    3. 1987,1158
    5. 395491,395492
    6. SO-C,Vqrmpa
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 275846
    1. among humankind
    2. in men
    3. 846,638
    5. 395493,395494
    6. S-R,Ncmsa
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 275847
    1. she increases
    2. -
    3. 3249
    5. 395495
    6. V-Vhi3fs
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 275848

OET (OET-LV) Also she like_a_robber she_lies_in_wait and_those_who_act_treacherously among_humankind she_increases.

OET (OET-RV) They lie in wait like a robber would,
 ⇔ and keep adding to the number of men who become unfaithful.

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The Hebrew text, lemmas, and morphology are all thanks to the OSHB and some of the glosses are from Macula Hebrew.OET logo mark

◄ ← PROV 23:28 ↑ → ► ║ ©