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OET interlinear PROV 24:28

◄ ← PROV 24:28 ↓ → ► ║ ©

Hebrew word order

    1. Hebrew word
    2. Hebrew lemma
    3. OET-LV words
    4. OET-RV words
    5. Strongs
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. אַל
    2. 395982
    3. do not
    4. Don't
    5. 408
    6. S-Tn
    7. do_not
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 276216
    2. 395983
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-maqqef
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 276217
    1. תְּהִי
    2. 395984
    3. be
    4. -
    5. 1961
    6. V-Vqj2ms
    7. be
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 276218
    1. עֵד
    2. 395985
    3. a witness
    4. witness
    5. 5707
    6. O-Ncmsa
    7. a_witness
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 276219
    2. 395986
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-maqqef
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 276220
    1. חִנָּם
    2. 395987
    3. without cause
    4. without
    5. 2600
    6. S-D
    7. without_cause
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 276221
    1. בְּ,רֵעֶ,ךָ
    2. 395988,395989,395990
    3. in neighbour of your
    4. neighbour with
    5. 7453
    6. S-R,Ncmsc,Sp2ms
    7. in,neighbor_of,your
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 276222
    1. וַ,הֲ,פִתִּיתָ
    2. 395991,395992,395993
    3. and will you deceive
    4. deceive you
    6. SV-C,Ti,Vpp2ms
    7. and,will,you_deceive?
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 276223
    1. בִּ,שְׂפָתֶֽי,ךָ
    2. 395994,395995,395996
    3. with lips of your
    4. -
    5. 8193
    6. S-R,Ncfdc,Sp2ms
    7. with,lips_of,your
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 276224
    2. 395997
    3. -
    4. -
    6. -x-sof-pasuq
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 276225

OET (OET-LV) do_not be a_witness without_cause in_neighbour_of_your and_will_you_deceive with_lips_of_your.

OET (OET-RV) Don’t be a witness against your neighbour without good reason,
 ⇔ or deceive others with what you say.

SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 24:23–34: Here are more sayings of wise people

The first verse (24:23a) indicates that this section is an additional list of sayings of wise people. This list has been added to the preceding section (22:17–24:22). The sayings range from one to five verses. Each saying will be marked as a separate paragraph in the Notes. As in the English versions, the sayings in this section will not be numbered.

Three of the sayings (24:23b–25, 24:26, and 24:30–34) are general principles. They are not addressed specifically to the readers. See the notes on 10:2 for ways to translate this kind of proverb.

In the other two sayings (24:27 and 24:28–29), the author uses second person commands and pronouns (you(sing)). Unlike the preceding section, he does not use the phrase “my son” explicitly in these commands.

Some other headings for this section are:

More Wise Sayings (GNT)

More Sayings of the Wise (ESV)

These Are Further Words of Wise People

Paragraph 24:28–29

The overall meaning of this saying is that a witness should not testify falsely against another person in order to get revenge.

24:28

These parallel lines both prohibit a person from testifying in a court case. The parallel parts in bold print specify different details of the situation:

28a Do not testify against your neighbor without cause,

28b and do not deceive with your lips.

The parallelism implies that a witness who has no good reason to testify will probably give false testimony in order to deceive people in the court.

24:28a

Do not testify against your neighbor without cause,

Do not testify against your neighbor without cause: This line prohibits someone from testifying without good reason against another person. It probably refers to a witness whose testimony is not required by the court. This person may not have actually seen or heard what happened.According to Leviticus 5:1, a person whose testimony was needed in order to reach a fair verdict was required to testify. Waltke (page 295) says that Proverbs 24:28 refers to someone who is not legally obligated to testify. Murphy (page 186) says that “without cause” implies that the person was “not properly involved.”

neighbor: In Hebrew, this word can refer to anyone with whom a person interacts, from a close friend to an acquaintance. It does not refer only to a person who lives nearby.

without cause: This phrase implies “without a legally acceptable cause” or “without a good reason.” In some languages, it may be clearer to make this implied information explicit. For example:

Don’t give evidence against others without good reason (GNT)

In some languages, it may be more natural to specify a wrong reason. For example:

Do not testify spitefully against innocent neighbors (NLT96)

24:28b

and do not deceive with your lips.

and do not deceive with your lips: This line prohibits someone from testifying in a way that will deceive the judge or others who decide a court case. This command is a figure of speech in which the lips represent the words that the witness speaks. Some other ways to translate this command are:

and do not deceive with your words (NET)

or say misleading things about them (GNT)

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / rquestion

וַ֝⁠הֲ⁠פִתִּ֗יתָ בִּ⁠שְׂפָתֶֽי⁠ךָ

and,will,you_deceive? with,lips_of,your

The writer is using the question form to emphasize what a person should not do. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “And you should surely not deceive with your lips!”

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / metonymy

בִּ⁠שְׂפָתֶֽי⁠ךָ

with,lips_of,your

Here, lips refers to what people say by using their lips. See how you translated the same use of lips in [10:18](../10/18.md). Alternate translation: “by what you say”

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

    1. OET-LV words
    2. OET-RV words
    3. Strongs
    4. Hebrew word
    5. Hebrew lemma
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. do not
    2. Don't
    3. 515
    5. 395982
    6. S-Tn
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 276216
    1. be
    2. -
    3. 1929
    5. 395984
    6. V-Vqj2ms
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 276218
    1. a witness
    2. witness
    3. 5696
    5. 395985
    6. O-Ncmsa
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 276219
    1. without cause
    2. without
    3. 2321
    5. 395987
    6. S-D
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 276221
    1. in neighbour of your
    2. neighbour with
    3. 846,7161,1978
    5. 395988,395989,395990
    6. S-R,Ncmsc,Sp2ms
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 276222
    1. and will you deceive
    2. deceive you
    3. 1987,1820,6432
    5. 395991,395992,395993
    6. SV-C,Ti,Vpp2ms
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 276223
    1. with lips of your
    2. -
    3. 846,8106,1978
    5. 395994,395995,395996
    6. S-R,Ncfdc,Sp2ms
    8. -
    9. Y-1000
    10. 276224

OET (OET-LV) do_not be a_witness without_cause in_neighbour_of_your and_will_you_deceive with_lips_of_your.

OET (OET-RV) Don’t be a witness against your neighbour without good reason,
 ⇔ or deceive others with what you say.

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

Acknowledgements: The Hebrew text, lemmas, and morphology are all thanks to the OSHB and some of the glosses are from Macula Hebrew.OET logo mark

◄ ← PROV 24:28 ↑ → ► ║ ©