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Key: khaki:verbs, green:YHWH.
Note: Automatic aligning of the OET-RV to the LV is done by some temporary software, hence the OET-RV alignments are incomplete (and may occasionally be wrong).
BrLXXΣηεὶρ ἕως Κάδης Βαρνή. Καὶ ἐγενήθη ἐν τῷ τεσσαρακοστῷ ἔτει ἐν τῷ ἑνδεκάτῳ μηνὶ μιᾷ τοῦ μηνὸς, ἐλάλησε Μωυσῆς πρὸς πάντας υἱοὺς Ἰσραὴλ, κατὰ πάντα ὅσα ἐνετείλατο Κύριος αὐτῷ πρὸς αὐτούς· μετὰ τὸ πατάξαι (Saʸeir heōs Kadaʸs Barnaʸ. Kai egenaʸthaʸ en tōi tessarakostōi etei en tōi hendekatōi maʸni mia tou maʸnos, elalaʸse Mōusaʸs pros pantas huious Israaʸl, kata panta hosa eneteilato Kurios autōi pros autous; meta to pataxai )
BrTrAnd it came to pass in the fortieth year, in the eleventh month, on the first day of the month, Moses spoke to all the children of Israel, according to all things which the Lord commanded him for them:
ULTAnd it happened, in the fortieth year, in the eleventh month, on day one of the month, Moses spoke to the sons of Israel according to all that Yahweh commanded him concerning them,
USTForty years had passed since the Israelites had left Egypt, and it was the first day of the eleventh month. Moses told the Israelite people everything that Yahweh had commanded him to tell them.
BSBIn the fortieth year, on the first day of the eleventh month, Moses proclaimed to the Israelites all that the LORD had commanded him concerning them.
WEBBEIn the fortieth year, in the eleventh month, on the first day of the month, Moses spoke to the children of Israel according to all that the LORD[fn] had given him in commandment to them,
1:3When rendered in ALL CAPITAL LETTERS, “LORD” or “GOD” is the translation of God’s Proper Name (Hebrew “יהוה”, usually pronounced Yahweh).
WMBBIn the fortieth year, in the eleventh month, on the first day of the month, Moses spoke to the children of Israel according to all that the LORD[fn] had given him in commandment to them,
1:3When rendered in ALL CAPITAL LETTERS, “LORD” or “GOD” is the translation of God’s Proper Name.
NETHowever, it was not until the first day of the eleventh month of the fortieth year that Moses addressed the Israelites just as the Lord had instructed him to do.
LSVAnd it comes to pass in the fortieth year, in the eleventh month, on the first of the month, Moses has spoken to the sons of Israel according to all that YHWH has commanded him concerning them,
FBVOn the first day of the eleventh month of the fortieth year,[fn] Moses recounted to the Israelites everything that the Lord had instructed him to tell them.
T4TForty years after ◄the Israelis/we► left Egypt, in the middle of January, Moses/I told the Israeli people everything that Yahweh had commanded him/me to tell them.
LEBAnd it was[fn] in the fortieth year, on the eleventh month, on the first day of the month, Moses spoke to the Israelites[fn] according to all that Yahweh had instructed him to speak to them.
BBENow in the fortieth year, on the first day of the eleventh month, Moses gave to the children of Israel all the orders which the Lord had given him for them;
JPSAnd it came to pass in the fortieth year, in the eleventh month, on the first day of the month, that Moses spoke unto the children of Israel, according unto all that the LORD had given him in commandment unto them;
ASVAnd it came to pass in the fortieth year, in the eleventh month, on the first day of the month, that Moses spake unto the children of Israel, according unto all that Jehovah had given him in commandment unto them;
DRAIn the fortieth year, the eleventh month, the first day of the month, Moses spoke to the children of Israel all that the Lord had commanded him to say to them:
YLTAnd it cometh to pass in the fortieth year, in the eleventh month, on the first of the month hath Moses spoken unto the sons of Israel according to all that Jehovah hath commanded him concerning them;
DrbyAnd it came to pass in the fortieth year, in the eleventh month, on the first of the month, that Moses spoke to the children of Israel, according to all that Jehovah had given him in command to them;
RVAnd it came to pass in the fortieth year, in the eleventh month, on the first day of the month, that Moses spake unto the children of Israel, according unto all that the LORD had given him in commandment unto them;
WbstrAnd it came to pass in the fortieth year, in the eleventh month, on the first day of the month, that Moses spoke to the children of Israel, according to all that the LORD had given him in commandment to them;
KJB-1769And it came to pass in the fortieth year, in the eleventh month, on the first day of the month, that Moses spake unto the children of Israel, according unto all that the LORD had given him in commandment unto them; (And it came to pass in the fortyth year, in the eleventh month, on the first day of the month, that Moses spake unto the children of Israel, according unto all that the LORD had given him in commandment unto them; )
KJB-1611And it came to passe in the fourtieth yeere, in the eleuenth moneth, on the first day of the moneth, that Moses spake vnto the children of Israel, according vnto all that the LORD had giuen him in commandement vnto them: (Modernised spelling is same as from KJB-1769 above, apart from punctuation)
BshpsAnd it came to passe in the first day of the eleuenth moneth, in the fourtie yere, that Moyses spake vnto the chyldren of Israel, accordyng vnto all that the Lord had geuen hym in commaundement vnto them: (And it came to pass in the first day of the eleventh month, in the forty year, that Moses spake unto the children of Israel, accordyng unto all that the Lord had given him in commandment unto them:)
GnvaAnd it came to passe in the first day of the eleuenth moneth, in the fourtieth yeere that Moses spake vnto the children of Israel according vnto all that the Lord had giuen him in commandement vnto them, (And it came to pass in the first day of the eleventh month, in the fortyth year that Moses spake unto the children of Israel according unto all that the Lord had given him in commandment unto them, )
CvdlAnd it fortuned the first daye of the eleuenth moneth in the fortieth yeare, that Moses spake vnto ye children of Israel acordinge vnto all as ye LORDE commaunded him, (And it fortuned the first day of the eleventh month in the fortyth year, that Moses spake unto ye/you_all children of Israel according unto all as ye/you_all LORD commanded him,)
WyclIn the fortithe yeer, in the enleuenth monethe, in the firste dai of the monethe, Moises spak to the sones of Israel alle thingis whiche the Lord commandide to hym that he schulde seie to hem, (In the fortithe year, in the enleuenth month, in the first day of the month, Moses spake to the sons of Israel all things which the Lord commandide to him that he should say to them,)
LuthUnd es geschah im vierzigsten Jahr, am ersten Tage des elften Monden, da redete Mose mit den Kindern Israel alles, wie ihm der HErr an sie geboten hatte, (And it happened in_the vierzigsten Yahr, in/at/on_the ersten days the elften Monden, there talked Mose with the Kindern Israel all/everything, like him the/of_the LORD at they/she/them offered had,)
ClVgQuadragesimo anno, undecimo mense, prima die mensis, locutus est Moyses ad filios Israël omnia quæ præceperat illi Dominus, ut diceret eis,[fn] (Quadragesimo anno, undecimo a_month, the_first day month, spoke it_is Moyses to filios Israel everything which had_ordered illi Master, as diceret eis, )
1.3Quadragesimo anno, undecimo mense, prima, etc. ISID., in Deut., tom. 5. Quadraginta anni, etc., usque ad sine corruptione manebunt. Quadragenarius ex denario et quaternario constat, et legis Evangelii impletionem significat, quæ fit in Ecclesia, decem namque ad legem pertinent, quatuor vero ad Evangelium. Undecimo mense, etc. Sicut in undecima expressa est legis transgressio, sic in prima die pervigil ad docendum legislatoris intentio; qui ex quo inobediens populus legem transgredi non timuit, statim, prædicando et corrigendo, voluntatem Domini insinuare studuit, et eos ad meliora trahere vel provocare verbis et exemplis non cessavit.
1.3Quadragesimo anno, undecimo a_month, prima, etc. ISID., in Deut., tom. 5. Quadraginta anni, etc., until to without corruptione manebunt. Quadragenarius from denario and quaternario constat, and legis of_the_Gospels impletionem significat, which fit in Ecclesia, ten namque to legem pertinent, four vero to the_Gospel. Undecimo a_month, etc. Sicut in undecima expressa it_is legis transgressio, so in the_first day pervigil to docendum legislatoris intentio; who from quo inobediens populus legem transgredi not/no timuit, statim, prædicando and corrigendo, voluntatem Master insinuare studuit, and them to meliora trahere or provocare verbis and exemplis not/no cessavit.
1:1-5 Ancient Near Eastern treaty texts usually began with a brief section introducing the partners in the covenant, their relationship to each other, and their immediate ancestry. This introduction provides information primarily about the social and geographic setting.
Moses is using the word translated And it happened to introduce a new event in the story. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for introducing a new event. Alternate translation: “And it came to pass”
in/on/at/with,fortieth year in/on/at/with,one ten month
If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you could use cardinal numbers here or equivalent expressions. Alternate translation: “after 40 years, in month 11”
The eleventh month of the Hebrew calendar includes January on Western calendars. You could convert the Hebrew day and month into an approximate date on the calendar that your culture uses. However, the Jews used a lunar calendar, so if you use a solar calendar, the date will be different every year and the translation will not be entirely accurate. So you may wish instead to give just the number of the day and the name of the Hebrew month in the text of your translation and indicate in a footnote approximately what time of year that is on your calendar.
Although the term sons is masculine, the author is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “the children of”
Here, sons means “descendants.” Moses is identifying the Israelites as descendants of their ancestor Jacob, who was also known as Israel. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Israel” or “the people of Israel”
After the Israelites received the law on Mount Sinai, which may have been located at Khashm et-Tarif (see also “The Route of the Exodus”), they traveled to Kadesh-barnea, a distance that took eleven days “by the way of Mount Seir” (Deuteronomy 1:2). The phrase “by the way of Mount Seir” suggests that more than one route existed between Mount Sinai and Kadesh, as shown here, but the road the Israelites took probably ran alongside the mountainous region of Seir. This route would have offered greater access to water from wells, natural springs, and seasonal streams flowing from the hills of Seir–a critical necessity for a large group traveling through this very arid region. Nearly every location identified on this map was essentially a small community centered around one of these life-enabling sources of water. After reaching Kadesh in the wilderness of Zin, the Israelites prepared to enter Canaan by sending spies to scout out the land. But when ten of the twelve spies brought back news about the strength of the Canaanites, the people became afraid to enter the land, so the Lord punished them by condemning them to travel in the wilderness for forty years until that generation died off. Some Israelites repented and tried to enter the land, but they were beaten back to Hormah by the Amalekites and Canaanites. So for forty years the Israelites traveled from place to place, probably in the general area of Kadesh-barnea, though very few locations mentioned are able to be established with much certainty. As the forty years of traveling drew to a close, the Israelites prepared again to travel to Canaan by requesting permission from the king of Edom to pass through his land. When the king refused, the Israelites “turned away” from the Edomites and set out from Kadesh to travel to Mount Hor. The Jewish historian Josephus located Mount Hor at Jebel Nebi Harun, a very tall mountain in eastern Edom, but this has been rejected by many scholars in favor of other sites such as Jebel Madeira to the northeast of Kadesh. This author is convinced, however, that any candidate for Mount Hor must be sought to the south of Kadesh-barnea. Numbers 33:30 and Deuteronomy 10:6 mention that, during their wilderness travels, the Israelites camped at Moseroth/Moserah, which was apparently located at Mount Hor, since both Moseroth/Moserah and Mount Hor are cited as the place where Aaron died (Numbers 21:29-29; 33:37-39; Deuteronomy 10:6-9). It is difficult to envision the Israelites traveling back to the edge of Canaan after suffering defeat there the last time they attempted to enter the land. These same passages also note that after their stay at Moseroth/Moserah the Israelites traveled to Hor-haggidgad/Gudgodah (probably located along the Wadi Khadakhid) and then to Jotbathah, with no mention of passing through Kadesh, which they would have had to do if Mount Hor was north of Kadesh (since they were avoiding the land of Edom). Also, in Deuteronomy 2:1 Moses says that after the Israelites left Kadesh, “we journeyed back into the wilderness, in the direction of the Red Sea, as the Lord had told me and skirted Mount Seir for many days,” and Aaron’s death on Mount Hor fits best during this time. Similarly, Numbers 21:4 says “from Mount Hor they set out by the way to the Red Sea, to go around the land of Edom,” but there would have been no way to the Red Sea around the land of Edom if Mount Hor were located northeast of Kadesh. One element of the wilderness narratives that appears to favor a northeast location for Mount Hor, however, is the story of the king of Arad, which the book of Numbers (chapters 21 and 33) places immediately after the death of Aaron on Mount Hor. At first glance, the narrative seems to imply that the king attacked the Israelites at Mount Hor, which fits better with a northern location. Yet, it is also possible that the story is simply noting that it was after the Israelites’ arrival at Mount Hor that the king of Arad first learned of the Israelites’ renewed intentions to enter Canaan, perhaps as a result of their request to pass through Edom. But it may have been later that the king of Arad actually engaged them in battle, perhaps as they were passing north of Zalmonah and appeared to be ready to enter Canaan by way of Arad (see Numbers 33:41-42 and the map “The Journey to Abel-shittim”). For these reasons, this author believes that Har Karkom is the best candidate for the location of Mount Hor. The site is appropriately located at the edge of Seir and along the way to the Red Sea. This site’s role as an ancient cultic center is also well established. Perhaps Aaron’s priestly duties and authority in Israel had grown out of a similar role he had previously held at Mount Hor (see also Numbers 12:1-2; Deuteronomy 33:2; Judges 5:4-5), where he was eventually buried.
