OET interlinear LUKE 21:24

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / metonymy

πεσοῦνται

˱they˲_/will_be/_falling

Here, fall means to die by association with the way that people who die fall to the ground. Alternate translation: “they will die”

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

στόματι μαχαίρης

˱by˲_/the/_edge (Some words not found in SR-GNT: καὶ πεσοῦνται στόματι μαχαίρας καὶ αἰχμαλωτισθήσονται εἰς τὰ ἔθνη πάντα καὶ Ἰερουσαλὴμ ἔσται πατουμένη ὑπὸ ἐθνῶν ἄχρι οὗ πληρωθῶσιν καιροὶ ἐθνῶν)

Here, the term mouth may be a figurative way of saying “edge” or “end,” by analogy to the way that the mouth of an animal is typically at one end of the animal. Alternate translation: “by the edge of the sword” or “when soldiers kill them with their swords”

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / personification

στόματι μαχαίρης

˱by˲_/the/_edge (Some words not found in SR-GNT: καὶ πεσοῦνται στόματι μαχαίρας καὶ αἰχμαλωτισθήσονται εἰς τὰ ἔθνη πάντα καὶ Ἰερουσαλὴμ ἔσται πατουμένη ὑπὸ ἐθνῶν ἄχρι οὗ πληρωθῶσιν καιροὶ ἐθνῶν)

This phrase could also be depicting the sword as a devouring monster. Alternate translation: “as if swords were eating them up”

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / genericnoun

μαχαίρης

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: καὶ πεσοῦνται στόματι μαχαίρας καὶ αἰχμαλωτισθήσονται εἰς τὰ ἔθνη πάντα καὶ Ἰερουσαλὴμ ἔσται πατουμένη ὑπὸ ἐθνῶν ἄχρι οὗ πληρωθῶσιν καιροὶ ἐθνῶν)

The word sword represents swords in general, not one particular sword. Alternate translation: “of the swords”

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / synecdoche

μαχαίρης

(Some words not found in SR-GNT: καὶ πεσοῦνται στόματι μαχαίρας καὶ αἰχμαλωτισθήσονται εἰς τὰ ἔθνη πάντα καὶ Ἰερουσαλὴμ ἔσται πατουμένη ὑπὸ ἐθνῶν ἄχρι οὗ πληρωθῶσιν καιροὶ ἐθνῶν)

Jesus may be using one kind of weapon, the sword, to represent all weapons. Alternate translation: “of the weapons”

Note 6 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive

αἰχμαλωτισθήσονται εἰς τὰ ἔθνη πάντα

˱they˲_/will_be_being/_made_captive into the nations all

If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this with an active form, and you could state who will do the action. Alternate translation: “their enemies will capture them and take them away into other countries”

Note 7 topic: figures-of-speech / hyperbole

εἰς τὰ ἔθνη πάντα

into the nations all

The word all is a generalization that emphasizes that their enemies will take the people away to many other countries. Alternate translation: “into many other countries”

Note 8 topic: figures-of-speech / metonymy

ἐθνῶν

/the/_pagans

Jesus is using the term nations to mean the places where various people groups live. Alternate translation: “countries”

Note 9 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

Ἰερουσαλὴμ ἔσται πατουμένη ὑπὸ ἐθνῶν

Jerusalem will_be /being/_trodden by /the/_pagans

Jesus speaks of the Gentiles walking all over the city of Jerusalem. This image could be: (1) of people walking around on land that they own or control. Alternate translation: “the Gentiles will occupy Jerusalem” (2) of walking over something to flatten it. Alternate translation: “the Gentiles will completely destroy Jerusalem”

Note 10 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

Ἰερουσαλὴμ ἔσται πατουμένη ὑπὸ ἐθνῶν

Jerusalem will_be /being/_trodden by /the/_pagans

If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this with an active form. Alternate translation: “the Gentiles will occupy Jerusalem” or “the Gentiles will completely destroy Jerusalem”

Note 11 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

(Occurrence 2) ἐθνῶν

˱of˲_/the/_pagans

Jesus assumes that his listeners will know that by the nations, he means in this instance the people groups who are not Jews. Alternate translation: “the Gentiles”

Note 12 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive

ἄχρι οὗ πληρωθῶσιν καιροὶ ἐθνῶν

until ˱of˲_which /may_be/_fulfilled /the/_times ˱of˲_/the/_pagans

If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this with an active form. (See the discussion of the meaning of this phrase in the General Notes to this chapter.) Alternate translation: “until the time when the Gentiles rule the Jews is over”