OET interlinear GEN 10:5

uW Translation Notes:

מֵ֠⁠אֵלֶּה

from=these

This phrase probably refers to Japheth’s descendants (verses 2-4), especially since the descendants of his brothers Ham (verse 20) and Shem (verse 31) are summarized in a similar way.

נִפְרְד֞וּ אִיֵּ֤י הַ⁠גּוֹיִם֙

they_separated coastlands the=nations

Alternate translation: [came the people groups who lived in regions beside the sea. They moved to different places and settled]

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / infostructure

בְּ⁠אַרְצֹתָ֔⁠ם

in=their=lands

Alternate translation: [in their own regions]

אִ֖ישׁ לִ⁠לְשֹׁנ֑⁠וֹ

(a)_man to=his/its=language

Consider whether it is more natural in your language to break up this long sentence and start a new sentence here (or later in this verse). Alternate translation: [They all spoke their own languages]

Note 2 topic: translate-kinship

לְ⁠מִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֖⁠ם

to=their=clans

Here the term clans specifically refers to a group of families who are descended from a common ancestor. If your language has a specific word for clans, it would be appropriate to use it here. Alternate translation: [and each of them lived in their own extended families] or [They each had their own family groups]

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / infostructure

מֵ֠⁠אֵלֶּה נִפְרְד֞וּ אִיֵּ֤י הַ⁠גּוֹיִם֙ בְּ⁠אַרְצֹתָ֔⁠ם אִ֖ישׁ לִ⁠לְשֹׁנ֑⁠וֹ לְ⁠מִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֖⁠ם בְּ⁠גוֹיֵ⁠הֶֽם׃

from=these they_separated coastlands the=nations in=their=lands (a)_man to=his/its=language to=their=clans (Some words not found in UHB: from=these they_separated coastlands the=nations in=their=lands (a)_man to=his/its=language to=their=clans in=their=nations )

for some languages, it may be clearer to change the order of the phrases in this verse. Do what is best in your language. Alternate translation: [Japheth’s descendants spread out and settled near/by the Mediterranean Sea. They all formed their own family groups, which grew/multiplied and became their own people groups that spoke their own languages and lived in their own territories/regions]