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Note: This view shows ‘verses’ which are not natural language units and hence sometimes only part of a sentence will be visible—click on any Bible version abbreviation down the left-hand side to see the verse in more of its context. Normally the OET discourages the reading of individual ‘verses’, but this view is only designed as a tool for doing comparisons of different translations—the older translations are further down the page (so you can read up from the bottom to trace the English translation history). The OET segments on this page are still very early looks into the unfinished texts of the Open English Translation of the Bible—please double-check these texts in advance before using in public.
Text critical issues=small word differences Clarity of original=clear Importance to us=normal (All still tentative.)
OET (OET-RV) Carrying the pole[fn] himself, Yeshua arrived at the Place of the Skull (called Golgotha in Hebrew) just out of the city
19:17 TD: The Greek word used here is used in other places to mean a stake such as used to make a fence. It’s uncertain whether or not it had a horizontal cross-piece, although the Romans did use a range of methods.![]()
OET-LV And bearing the stake to_himself, he_came_out to the place being_called:
place Of_the_skull, which is_being_called In_Hebraios, Golgotha/(Gulgolet),![]()
SR-GNT Καὶ βαστάζων ἑαυτῷ τὸν σταυρὸν, ἐξῆλθεν εἰς τὸν λεγόμενον, “Κρανίου Τόπον”, ὃ λέγεται Ἑβραϊστὶ, Γολγοθᾶ, ‡
(Kai bastazōn heautōi ton stauron, exaʸlthen eis ton legomenon, “Kraniou Topon”, ho legetai Hebraisti, Golgotha,)
Key: khaki:verbs, light-green:nominative/subject, orange:accusative/object, pink:genitive/possessor, cyan:dative/indirect object.
Note: Automatic aligning of the OET-RV to the LV is done by some temporary software, hence the RV alignments are incomplete (and may occasionally be wrong).
ULT And he went out, carrying the cross by himself, to the place called “The Place of a Skull,” which in Hebrew is called “Golgotha.”
UST Jesus went out, carrying his cross by himself to the place that people called “The Place of a Skull,” which was “Golgotha” in the language spoken by the Jews.
BSB Carrying [His] own cross, He went out to [The] Place of the Skull, which in Hebrew is called Golgotha.
MSB Carrying His own cross, He went out to a place called[fn] [The] Place of the Skull, which in Hebrew is called Golgotha.
19:17 GOC, CT, F35, and TR literal what is called
BLB And bearing His own cross, He went out to the place called the Place of the Skull, which in Hebrew is called Golgotha,
AICNT and he went out, bearing his [own][fn] cross, he went out to the place called Skull Place, which is called Golgotha in Hebrew.[fn]
OEB and he went out, carrying his cross himself, to the place which is named from a skull, or, in Hebrew, Golgotha.
WEBBE He went out, bearing his cross, to the place called “The Place of a Skull”, which is called in Hebrew, “Golgotha”,
WMBB (Same as above)
NET and carrying his own cross he went out to the place called “The Place of the Skull” (called in Aramaic Golgotha).
LSV and carrying His cross, He went forth to the [place] called “Place of [the] Skull,” which is called in Hebrew, Golgotha—
FBV They led Jesus away, who carried his own cross, and went out to the “Place of the Skull,” (Golgotha in Hebrew).
TCNT Carrying [fn]his own cross, he went out to [fn]a location called the Place of the Skull (which in Hebrew is called Golgotha).
T4T As they left, he himself was carrying the cross on which they were going to nail him. They went to a place called The Place of a Skull. In the Aramaic language it is called {they call it} Golgotha.
LEB and carrying for himself the cross, he went out to the place called The Place of a Skull (which is called Golgotha in Aramaic),
BBE And he went out with his cross on him to the place which is named Dead Man's Head (in Hebrew, Golgotha):
Moff and he went away, carrying the cross by himself, to the spot called the 'place of the skull' — the Hebrew name is Golgotha;
Wymth and He went out carrying His own cross, to the place called Skull-place—or, in Hebrew, Golgotha—
ASV They took Jesus therefore: and he went out, bearing the cross for himself, unto the place called The place of a skull, which is called in Hebrew Golgotha:
DRA And bearing his own cross, he went forth to that place which is called Calvary, but in Hebrew Golgotha.
YLT and bearing his cross, he went forth to the place called [Place] of a Skull, which is called in Hebrew Golgotha;
Drby And he went out, bearing his cross, to the place called [place] of a skull, which is called in Hebrew, Golgotha;
RV They took Jesus therefore: and he went out, bearing the cross for himself, unto the place called The place of a skull, which is called in Hebrew Golgotha:
SLT And they took Jesus, and led away: and bearing his cross he went out into a place called Kranium, which in Hebraic is called Golgotha:
Wbstr And he bearing his cross went forth into a place called the place of a skull, which is called in the Hebrew, Golgotha:
KJB-1769 And he bearing his cross went forth into a place called the place of a skull, which is called in the Hebrew Golgotha:
KJB-1611 And he bearing his crosse, went foorth into a place called the place of a skull, which is called in the Hebrewe, Golgotha:
(And he bearing his cross, went forth into a place called the place of a skull, which is called in the Hebrewe, Golgotha:)
Bshps And he bare his crosse, & wet forth into a place, which is called ye place of dead mens skulles, but in Hebrue Golgotha:
(And he bare his cross, and wet forth into a place, which is called ye/you_all place of dead men’s skulls, but in Hebrew Golgotha:)
Gnva And he bare his owne crosse, and came into a place named of dead mens Skulles, which is called in Hebrewe, Golgotha:
(And he bare his own cross, and came into a place named of dead men’s Skulles, which is called in Hebrewe, Golgotha: )
Cvdl And he bare his crosse, and wente out to the place called ye place of deed men skulles, which in Hebrue is named Golgatha,
(And he bare his cross, and went out to the place called ye/you_all place of dead men skulls, which in Hebrew is named Golgatha,)
TNT And he bare his crosse and went forthe into a place called the place of deed mens sculles which is named in Hebrue Golgatha.
(And he bare his cross and went forth into a place called the place of dead men’s skulls which is named in Hebrew Golgatha. )
Wycl And he bar to hym silf a cros, and wente out in to that place, that is seid of Caluarie, in Ebreu Golgatha;
(And he bar to himself a cros, and went out in to that place, that is said of Caluarie, in Hebrew Golgatha;)
Luth Und er trug sein Kreuz und ging hinaus zur Stätte die da heißt Schädelstätte, welche heißt auf ebräisch Golgatha.
(And he wore/brought be Kreuz and went out to/for site/place the there is_called Schädelstätte, which is_called on/in/to ebräisch Golgatha.)
ClVg Et bajulans sibi crucem exivit in eum, qui dicitur Calvariæ locum, hebraice autem Golgotha:[fn]
(And bayulans to_himself cross/frame exited/went_out in/into/on him, who/which it_is_said Calvariæ place, hebrew however Golgotha: )
19.17 Bajulans. Portabat crucem suam Jesus. Grande ludibrium impiis, grande mysterium piis gloriantibus, quasi in sceptro regni, et est crux candelabrum lucernæ quæ non erat sub modio ponenda. Primo Dominus crucem portat, quia prior passus est; postea imposita est Simoni Cyrenæo, quia debemus sequi vestigia.
19.17 Bayulans. Portabat cross/frame his_own Yesus. Grande ludibrium wicked, big mystery piis gloryntibus, as_if in/into/on with_a_sceptre/staff of_the_kingdom, and it_is stake/cross candlestick lightrnæ which not/no was under modio ponenda. At_first Master cross/frame carries, because prior suffered it_is; afterwards imposita it_is Simoni Cyrenæo, because we_must to_follow footsteps.
UGNT καὶ βαστάζων ἑαυτῷ τὸν σταυρὸν, ἐξῆλθεν εἰς τὸν λεγόμενον, Κρανίου Τόπον, ὃ λέγεται Ἑβραϊστὶ, Γολγοθᾶ;
(kai bastazōn heautōi ton stauron, exaʸlthen eis ton legomenon, Kraniou Topon, ho legetai Hebraisti, Golgotha;)
SBL-GNT καὶ βαστάζων ⸂αὑτῷ τὸν σταυρὸν⸃ ἐξῆλθεν εἰς ⸀τὸν λεγόμενον Κρανίου Τόπον, ⸀ὃ λέγεται Ἑβραϊστὶ Γολγοθα,
(kai bastazōn ⸂hautōi ton stauron⸃ exaʸlthen eis ⸀ton legomenon Kraniou Topon, ⸀ho legetai Hebraisti Golgotha,)
RP-GNT καὶ βαστάζων τὸν σταυρὸν αὐτοῦ ἐξῆλθεν εἰς τόπον λεγόμενον Κρανίου Τόπον, ὃς λέγεται Ἑβραϊστὶ Γολγοθᾶ·
(kai bastazōn ton stauron autou exaʸlthen eis topon legomenon Kraniou Topon, hos legetai Hebraisti Golgotha;)
TC-GNT καὶ βαστάζων [fn]τὸν σταυρὸν αὐτοῦ ἐξῆλθεν εἰς [fn]τόπον λεγόμενον Κρανίου Τόπον, [fn]ὃς λέγεται Ἑβραϊστὶ Γολγοθᾶ·
(kai bastazōn ton stauron autou exaʸlthen eis topon legomenon Kraniou Topon, hos legetai Hebraisti Golgotha; )
19:17 τὸν σταυρὸν αὐτοῦ ¦ ἑαυτῷ τὸν σταυρὸν NA TH ¦ αὑτῷ τὸν σταυρὸν SBL WH
19:17 τοπον ¦ τον ANT CT PCK TR
19:17 ος ¦ ο CT
Key for above GNTs: yellow:punctuation differs, red:words differ (from our SR-GNT base).
19:17 The vertical beam (Latin staticulum) of the cross was generally kept at the crucifixion site, and the victim was forced to carry only the heavy crossbeam (Latin patibulum).
• Crucifixions were public executions that took place near major roadways. They were designed to shock and warn the people.
• Place of the Skull (Hebrew and Aramaic Golgotha; Latin calvariae, “Calvary”): Most archaeologists agree that Jesus’ crucifixion was at the site of the present-day Church of the Holy Sepulchre, located in the Christian Quarter of the old walled city of Jerusalem. An alternate site, Gordon’s Calvary (north of the Damascus Gate), provides a model of what the scene possibly looked like, but it holds only a tomb from the 500s BC and therefore is unlikely to be the authentic site of Jesus’ crucifixion and burial.
The Cross and Passover
At the beginning of John’s Gospel, John the Baptist introduced Jesus by calling him the “Lamb of God” (John 1:29, 36). This phrase might be a reference to the sacrificial lamb that was killed daily in the Temple (Exod 29:38-46) or to the sacrificial lamb of Isaiah 53:7 (cp. Acts 8:32-35; Rev 5:5-14). Both of these sacrifices spoke of rescue and forgiveness from sin.
However, this was not all that John had in mind. John presented Jesus as the Passover lamb whose death marks the central event of the Passover season (see Exod 12:43-47; Luke 22:7; 1 Cor 5:7). In the first century, Jews made a pilgrimage to Jerusalem each spring to celebrate the Passover and to reread the story of the Exodus (see Exod 12–15). When Israel was being rescued from Egypt, the blood of a lamb was sprinkled on the doorposts of each Jewish home in Egypt, an act which saved those inside from death (Exod 12). Jews who came to Jerusalem to celebrate the Passover needed to supply a perfect young lamb for sacrifice (the animal could not be diseased or have broken bones).
Jesus used his final Passover meal to show that his sacrificial death would give new meaning to the festival (Mark 14:17-25). At his crucifixion, Jesus’ legs were not broken, as was often done to fulfill a Passover rule (John 19:31-33; see Exod 12:46). Blood ran freely from his wound (John 19:34), showing that his life was being exchanged for others. Just as a lamb died to save the lives of Jewish families at the Passover in Egypt, so too, the death of the Son of God on the cross serves to bring salvation to the world.
Passages for Further Study
Exod 12:1–13:16; 29:38-46; Num 9:1-14; Deut 16:1-8; 2 Kgs 23:21-23; 2 Chr 30:1-27; Ezra 6:19-21; Isa 53:7; Ezek 45:21-22; Matt 26:2, 17-19; Mark 14:17-31; Luke 22:14-30; John 1:29, 36; John 19:17-36; Acts 8:32-35; 12:3-4; 1 Cor 5:7-8; Heb 11:28; Rev 5:5-14
This section describes how the soldiers nailed Jesus to a cross to die. Pilate ordered that they put a sign on the cross saying that Jesus was the King of the Jews. The chief priests complained to Pilate, but he did not change it. While Jesus was dying, the soldiers divided his clothes among themselves. Also, Jesus gave his mother into the care of the disciple whom he loved.
Here are other possible titles for this section:
Jesus’ enemies crucified him
Jesus on the cross
The crucifixion of Jesus
The soldiers nailed Jesus to a cross to die. Pilate wrote a sign announcing that he was the King of the Jews. The high priests complained about this sign, but Pilate did not change it.
Carrying His own cross,
¶ As Jesus carried the cross himself,
¶ Jesus was carrying on his shoulder the wooden beam on/to which they would nail him.
Carrying His own cross: As Jesus began walking, he carried the crossSome scholars think that Jesus was carrying the smaller, horizontal crossbeam rather than the whole cross. However, the author does not mention this and you should translate this literally here. on which the soldiers would crucify him. The other gospels tell us that a man named Simon would have to carry it part of the way. So you do not want to say that Jesus carried the cross the whole way. John just says that he went out, leaving Jerusalem.
In some languages it is necessary to say where or how Jesus was carrying the cross. He was probably carrying it over his shoulder. In some languages it may be more natural to use an independent clause to translate phrase. For example:
He carried his own cross (GW)
His own: The Greek word that the BSB translates as His own indicates that Jesus was carrying his own cross without help. The other gospels say that Jesus did not carry it all the way, but he did carry it at first. Here are other ways to translate this idea:
carrying the cross by himself (NRSV)
and he carried his cross (CEV)
cross: In cultures where a cross is unknown, it is more natural to speak of its use rather than its shape. For example:
the beam on which criminals are nailed to die
the wood on which they would nail/kill him
He went out to The Place of the Skull,
they went out of the city to a place called Skull,
The soldiers led Jesus to go to Skull Place.
He went out: The pronoun He here refers to Jesus, but the soldiers and the crowd went with him. So in some languages it is more natural to make that explicit. For example:
they went out
they left
went out: The verb went out here refers to leaving the city of Jerusalem. In some languages it may be natural to make this explicit. For example:
went out of the city (GW)
to The Place of the Skull: The name of the place where the soldiers took Jesus was The Place of the Skull. Many scholars understand that this place was a hill near Jerusalem that had a shape like a human skull. That may be true, although the gospels say nothing about a hill, nor why the place name referred to a skull. Here are other ways to translate this phrase:
to the place called “The Place of a Skull” (ESV)
to a location called The Skull (GW)
to “The Place of the Skull,” as it is called (GNT)
Skull: This word refers to the bones of a head, part of a human skeleton.
The way that some languages use verbs of coming and going may make it natural to rearrange some information in 19:17a–b. For example:
He went out, carrying his cross, and came to “The Place of the Skull,” as it is called. (GNT)
which in Hebrew is called Golgotha.
which in the Jewish language is called Golgotha.
(The language that/we(excl) Jews speak calls it Golgotha.)
which in Hebrew is called Golgotha: The Aramaic word for “skull” was Golgotha. This is background information, and in some languages it may be natural to indicate this in some way. For example:
Use parentheses. For example:
(which in Aramaic is called Golgotha) (NIV)
Translate this as a separate sentence. For example:
In Aramaic this place is called “Golgotha.” (CEV)
Put a separate sentence in parentheses. For example:
(In Hebrew it is called “Golgotha.”) (GNT)
Hebrew: The Greek word that the BSB translates as Hebrew refers to the language that Jews spoke in Jesus’ time. Some translations say “Aramaic,” which is the name in modern English. Here are some other ways that this clause can be translated:
the Jewish language
the language that the Jews speak
Because John the author was a Jew, in some languages it is more natural to translate it like this:
our(excl) language
the language that we(excl) Jews speak
See how you translated this word in 19:13.
Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive
εἰς τὸν λεγόμενον, Κρανίου Τόπον, ὃ λέγεται Ἑβραϊστὶ, Γολγοθᾶ
to (Some words not found in SR-GNT: Καί βαστάζων ἑαυτῷ τόν σταυρόν ἐξῆλθεν εἰς τόν λεγόμενον Κρανίου Τόπον ὅ λέγεται Ἑβραϊστί Γολγοθᾶ)
If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: [to the place that the people called “The Place of a Skull,” which the Jews call “Golgotha” in Hebrew]
Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit
Ἑβραϊστὶ
(Some words not found in SR-GNT: Καί βαστάζων ἑαυτῷ τόν σταυρόν ἐξῆλθεν εἰς τόν λεγόμενον Κρανίου Τόπον ὅ λέγεται Ἑβραϊστί Γολγοθᾶ)
See how you translated this phrase in [5:2](../05/02.md).
Γολγοθᾶ
Golgotha
John writes out the sounds of this Jewish Aramaic word using Greek letters. Since John translates the meaning earlier in the verse, you should write out this word using the most similar sounds in your language.

Matthew 26-27; Mark 14-15; Luke 22-23; John 13-19
On the Thursday before he was crucified, Jesus had arranged to share the Passover meal with his disciples in an upper room, traditionally thought to be located in the Essene Quarter of Jerusalem. After they finished the meal, they went to the Garden of Gethsemane, where Jesus often met with his disciples. There Judas Iscariot, one of Jesus’ own disciples, betrayed him to soldiers sent from the High Priest, and they took Jesus to the High Priest’s residence. In the morning the leading priests and teachers of the law put Jesus on trial and found him guilty of blasphemy. The council sent Jesus to stand trial for treason before the Roman governor Pontius Pilate, who resided at the Praetorium while in Jerusalem. The Praetorium was likely located at the former residence of Herod the Great, who had died over 30 years earlier. When Pilate learned that Jesus was from Galilee, he sent him to Herod Antipas, who had jurisdiction over Galilee. But when Jesus gave no answer to Herod’s many questions, Herod and his soldiers sent him back to Pilate, who conceded to the people’s demands that Jesus be crucified. Jesus was forced to carry his cross out of the city gate to Golgotha, meaning Skull Hill, referring to what may have been a small unquarried hill in the middle of an old quarry just outside the gate. After Jesus was unable to carry his cross any further, a man named Simon from Cyrene was forced to carry it for him. There at Golgotha they crucified Jesus. After Jesus died, his body was hurriedly taken down before nightfall and placed in a newly cut, rock tomb owned by Joseph of Arimathea, a member of the Jewish high council. This tomb was likely located at the perimeter of the old quarry.