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interlinearVerse INTGENEXOLEVNUMDEUJOBJOSJDGRUTH1SA2SAPSAAMOSHOS1KI2KI1CH2CHPROECCSNGJOELMICISAZEPHABJERLAMYNANAHOBADANEZEEZRAESTNEHHAGZECMALYHNMARKMATLUKEACTsYACGAL1TH2TH1COR2CORROMCOLPHMEPHPHP1TIMTIT1PET2PET2TIMHEBYUD1YHN2YHN3YHNREV

Gen C1C2C3C4C5C6C7C8C9C10C11C12C13C14C15C16C17C18C19C20C21C22C23C24C25C26C27C28C29C30C31C32C33C34C35C36C37C38C39C40C41C42C43C44C45C46C47C48C49C50

OET interlinear GEN 1:2

 GEN 1:2 ©

Hebrew word order

    1. Hebrew word
    2. Hebrew lemma
    3. OET-LV words
    4. OET-RV words
    5. Strongs
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. וְ,הָ,אָרֶץ
    2. 13,14,15
    3. And the earth
    4. earth
    5. 776
    6. -C,Td,Ncbsa
    7. and=the=earth
    8. S
    9. Y-4004; EGod_creates_all_things; TCreation_of_all_things
    10. 9
    1. הָיְתָה
    2. 16
    3. it was
    4. -
    5. 1961
    6. v-Vqp3fs
    7. it_was
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 10
    1. תֹהוּ
    2. 17
    3. formlessness
    4. formless
    5. 8414
    6. -Ncmsa
    7. formlessness
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 11
    1. וָ,בֹהוּ
    2. 18,19
    3. and emptiness
    4. -
    5. 922
    6. -C,Ncmsa
    7. and=emptiness
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 12
    1. וְ,חֹשֶׁךְ
    2. 20,21
    3. and darkness
    4. darkness
    5. 2822
    6. s-C,Ncmsa
    7. and=darkness
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 13
    1. עַל
    2. 22
    3. [was] over
    4. -
    5. -R
    6. [was]_over
    7. -
    8. -
    9. 14
    1. 23
    2. -
    3. -
    4. -x-maqqef
    5. -
    6. -
    7. 15
    1. פְּנֵי
    2. 24
    3. the surface
    4. -
    5. 6440
    6. -Ncbpc
    7. the_surface
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 16
    1. תְהוֹם
    2. 25
    3. of the deep
    4. -
    5. 8415
    6. -Ncbsa
    7. of_the_deep
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 17
    1. וְ,רוּחַ
    2. 26,27
    3. and spirit
    4. spirit
    5. 7307
    6. -C,Ncbsc
    7. and=spirit
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 18
    1. אֱלֹהִים
    2. 28
    3. of god
    4. -
    5. 430
    6. -Ncmpa
    7. of_God
    8. -
    9. Person=God
    10. 19
    1. מְרַחֶפֶת
    2. 29
    3. [was] hovering
    4. hovering
    5. v-Vprfsa
    6. [was]_hovering
    7. -
    8. -
    9. 20
    1. עַל
    2. 30
    3. over
    4. -
    5. -R
    6. over
    7. -
    8. -
    9. 21
    1. 31
    2. -
    3. -
    4. -x-maqqef
    5. -
    6. -
    7. 22
    1. פְּנֵי
    2. 32
    3. the surface
    4. -
    5. 6440
    6. -Ncbpc
    7. the_surface
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 23
    1. הַ,מָּיִם
    2. 33,34
    3. the waters
    4. -
    5. 4325
    6. -Td,Ncmpa
    7. the=waters
    8. -
    9. -
    10. 24
    1. 35
    2. -
    3. -
    4. -x-sof-pasuq
    5. -
    6. -
    7. 25

OET (OET-LV)And_the_earth it_was formlessness and_emptiness and_darkness [was]_over the_surface of_the_deep and_spirit of_god [was]_hovering over the_surface the_waters.

OET (OET-RV)The earth was formless and empty and darkness covered the surface of the depth waters and God’s spirit was hovering over the surface of the waters.

uW Translation Notes:

וְ⁠הָ⁠אָ֗רֶץ

and=the=earth

The author pauses here to describe what the earth and the heavens were like after God first created them (verse 1). Some languages use a conjunction like Now to introduce that information; other languages do not use a conjunction here. Do what is natural in your language. Also, be consistent here with how you translated the earth in verse 1. Alternate translation: “Now at first after that, the earth”

הָיְתָ֥ה תֹ֨הוּ֙ וָ⁠בֹ֔הוּ

she/it_was formlessness and=emptiness

It is not clear what the earth looked like at that time, but it did not have its present shape and order. Also, the Hebrew text is ambiguous here. It could mean: (1) “was formless/shapeless and empty/desolate,” or “did not have its present form, and there was nothing living on it yet,” or (2) “completely empty/desolate,” which treats the text as a hendiadys. However, it is best to keep both terms separate in your translation (as they are in the Hebrew text).

וְ⁠חֹ֖שֶׁךְ עַל פְּנֵ֣י תְה֑וֹם

and=darkness on/upon/above/on_account_of//he/it_went_in face/surface_of (the)_deep

For some languages it is more natural to begin a new sentence here. Do what is best in your language. Alternate translation: “It was completely dark, there was deep water everywhere,” or “There was deep water everywhere that was surrounded by total darkness,”

וְ⁠ר֣וּחַ אֱלֹהִ֔ים מְרַחֶ֖פֶת

and=spirit ʼElohīm hovering

The Hebrew text is ambiguous here. It could mean: (1) “and God’s Spirit was hovering/moving” or (2) “and a wind from God was blowing” or (3) “and a powerful wind was blowing”. The first interpretation is most likely, since the Hebrew verb hovering does not describe what wind does.

עַל פְּנֵ֥י הַ⁠מָּֽיִם

on/upon/above/on_account_of//he/it_went_in on/upon/above/on_account_of//he/it_went_in face/surface_of the=waters

Throughout this chapter, the word waters is in the plural in the Hebrew text. For some languages it is more natural to use the singular “water”. Do what is best in your language in each context. Alternate translation: “over the surface of the water.” or “above the waters”

TSN Tyndale Study Notes:

1:2 This verse gives the background for the summary in 1:1 and the detailed description in 1:3–2:3. God’s creative utterances bring order to the chaotic state of the universe.
• formless . . . empty (Hebrew tohu . . . bohu): This terse idiom means something like “wild and waste.” It sets a stark contrast to the final ordered state of the heavens and the earth (1:1).
• deep waters (Hebrew tehom): Some scholars say this alludes to the Mesopotamian goddess Tiamat (representing chaos), but Genesis views tehom as inhospitable chaos, not as a deity or goddess that God engaged in cosmic battle.
• the Spirit of God: God directly superintended the creation process.

OET-LV English word order (‘Reverse’ interlinear)

    1. OET-LV words
    2. OET-RV words
    3. Strongs
    4. Hebrew word
    5. Hebrew lemma
    6. Role/Morphology
    7. Gloss
    8. CAPS codes
    9. OET tags
    10. OET word #
    1. And the earth
    2. earth
    3. 1814,1723,420
    4. 13,14,15
    5. -C,Td,Ncbsa
    6. S
    7. Y-4004; EGod_creates_all_things; TCreation_of_all_things
    8. 9
    1. it was
    2. -
    3. 1764
    4. 16
    5. v-Vqp3fs
    6. -
    7. -
    8. 10
    1. formlessness
    2. formless
    3. 7851
    4. 17
    5. -Ncmsa
    6. -
    7. -
    8. 11
    1. and emptiness
    2. -
    3. 1814,1137
    4. 18,19
    5. -C,Ncmsa
    6. -
    7. -
    8. 12
    1. and darkness
    2. darkness
    3. 1814,2510
    4. 20,21
    5. s-C,Ncmsa
    6. -
    7. -
    8. 13
    1. [was] over
    2. -
    3. 5427
    4. 22
    5. -R
    6. -
    7. -
    8. 14
    1. the surface
    2. -
    3. 5936
    4. 24
    5. -Ncbpc
    6. -
    7. -
    8. 16
    1. of the deep
    2. -
    3. 7626
    4. 25
    5. -Ncbsa
    6. -
    7. -
    8. 17
    1. and spirit
    2. spirit
    3. 1814,6887
    4. 26,27
    5. -C,Ncbsc
    6. -
    7. -
    8. 18
    1. of god
    2. -
    3. 62
    4. 28
    5. -Ncmpa
    6. -
    7. Person=God
    8. 19
    1. [was] hovering
    2. hovering
    3. 6781
    4. 29
    5. v-Vprfsa
    6. -
    7. -
    8. 20
    1. over
    2. -
    3. 5427
    4. 30
    5. -R
    6. -
    7. -
    8. 21
    1. the surface
    2. -
    3. 5936
    4. 32
    5. -Ncbpc
    6. -
    7. -
    8. 23
    1. the waters
    2. -
    3. 1723,4119
    4. 33,34
    5. -Td,Ncmpa
    6. -
    7. -
    8. 24

OET (OET-LV)And_the_earth it_was formlessness and_emptiness and_darkness [was]_over the_surface of_the_deep and_spirit of_god [was]_hovering over the_surface the_waters.

OET (OET-RV)The earth was formless and empty and darkness covered the surface of the depth waters and God’s spirit was hovering over the surface of the waters.

Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Hebrew or Greek words that they’re translated from.

 GEN 1:2 ©