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Gen 31 V1 V3 V5 V7 V9 V11 V13 V15 V17 V19 V21 V23 V25 V27 V29 V31 V33 V35 V37 V39 V41 V43 V45 V47 V49 V51 V53 V55
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Text critical issues=none Clarity of original=clear Importance=normal (All still tentative.)
OET (OET-RV) Then Lavan said, “This pile is a witness of the agreement between me and you today.” (That’s why he’d named it Galeed.)
OET-LV And_he/it_said Laban the_heap the_this [is]_a_witness between_me and_between_you the_day on/upon/above/on_account_of//he/it_went_in yes/correct/thus/so he_called his/its_name[fn] Galeed.
31:48 Note: We read one or more accents in L differently than BHS. Often this notation indicates a typographical error in BHS.
UHB וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָבָ֔ן הַגַּ֨ל הַזֶּ֥ה עֵ֛ד בֵּינִ֥י וּבֵינְךָ֖ הַיּ֑וֹם עַל־כֵּ֥ן קָרָֽא־שְׁמ֖וֹ גַּלְעֵֽד׃ ‡
(vayyoʼmer lāⱱān haggal hazzeh ˊēd bēyniy ūⱱēynəkā hayyōm ˊal-kēn qārāʼ-shəmō galˊēd.)
Key: khaki:verbs.
Note: Automatic aligning of the OET-RV to the LV is done by some temporary software, hence the OET-RV alignments are incomplete (and may occasionally be wrong).
BrLXX Εἶπε δὲ Λάβαν τῷ Ἰακὼβ, ἰδοὺ ὁ βουνὸς οὗτος καὶ ἡ στήλη, ἣν ἔστησα ἀνὰ μέσον ἐμοῦ καὶ σοῦ· μαρτυρεῖ ὁ βουνὸς οὗτος, καὶ μαρτυρεῖ ἡ στήλη αὕτη· διὰ τοῦτο ἐκλήθη τὸ ὄνομα, βουνὸς μαρτυρεῖ.
(Eipe de Laban tōi Yakōb, idou ho bounos houtos kai haʸ staʸlaʸ, haʸn estaʸsa ana meson emou kai sou; marturei ho bounos houtos, kai marturei haʸ staʸlaʸ hautaʸ; dia touto eklaʸthaʸ to onoma, bounos marturei. )
BrTr And Laban said to Jacob, Behold this heap, and the pillar, which I have set between me and thee; this heap witnesses, and this pillar witnesses; therefore its name was called, the Heap witnesses.
ULT And Laban said, “This heap is a witness between me and you today.” For that reason he called its name Galeed.
UST Laban said to him, “Starting today this pile of stones will remind you and me about our peace treaty.” That is why the name of that place is Galeed.
BSB § Then Laban declared, “This mound is a witness between you and me this day.”
§ Therefore the place was called Galeed.
OEB ‘This heap’, Laban said, ‘is witness between me and you today.’ This is why it was called Galeed,
WEBBE Laban said, “This heap is witness between me and you today.” Therefore it was named Galeed
WMBB (Same as above)
NET Laban said, “This pile of stones is a witness of our agreement today.” That is why it was called Galeed.
LSV And Laban says, “This heap [is] witness between me and you today”; therefore has he called its name Galeed;
FBV Laban announced, “This pile of stone serves as a witness between me and you.” This is why it was called Galeed.
T4T Laban said to Jacob, “This pile of rocks we have put here today will help us to remember our agreement.” That is why Jacob called it Galeed.
LEB Then Laban said, “This pile of stones is a witness between me and you today.” Therefore its name is called Galeed,[fn]
31:48 Hebrew for “the heap of witness”
BBE And Laban said, These stones are a witness between you and me today. For this reason its name was Galeed,
Moff No Moff GEN book available
JPS And Laban said: 'This heap is witness between me and thee this day.' Therefore was the name of it called Galeed;
ASV And Laban said, This heap is witness between me and thee this day. Therefore was the name of it called Galeed:
DRA And Laban said: This heap shall be a witness between me and thee this day, and therefore the name thereof was called Galaad, that is, The witness heap.
YLT And Laban saith, 'This heap [is] witness between me and thee to-day;' therefore hath he called its name Galeed;
Drby And Laban said, This heap is a witness between me and thee this day. Therefore was the name of it called Galeed,
RV And Laban said, This heap is witness between me and thee this day. Therefore was the name of it called Galeed:
Wbstr And Laban said, This heap is a witness between me and thee this day. Therefore was the name of it called Galeed:
KJB-1769 And Laban said, This heap is a witness between me and thee this day. Therefore was the name of it called Galeed;
(And Laban said, This heap is a witness between me and thee/you this day. Therefore was the name of it called Galeed; )
KJB-1611 And Laban said, This heape is a witnesse betweene mee and thee this day. Therefore was the name of it called Galeed,
(Modernised spelling is same as from KJB-1769 above, apart from punctuation)
Bshps Then saide Laban: this heape is witnesse betwene thee and me this day, therfore it is called Galeed,
(Then said Laban: this heap is witness between thee/you and me this day, therefore it is called Galeed,)
Gnva For Laban sayd, This heape is witnesse betweene me and thee this day: therefore he called the name of it Galeed.
(For Laban said, This heap is witness between me and thee/you this day: therefore he called the name of it Galeed. )
Cvdl Then sayde Laban: This heape be wytnesse betwene me and the this daye (therfore is it called Gilead)
(Then said Laban: This heap be witness between me and the this day (therfore is it called Gilead))
Wycl And Laban seide, This heep schal be witnesse bytwixe me and thee to day, and herfor the name therof was clepid Galaad, that is, the heep of witnesse.
(And Laban said, This heep shall be witness bytwixe me and thee/you to day, and herfor the name thereof was called Galaad, that is, the heep of witnesse.)
Luth Da sprach Laban: Der Haufe sei heute Zeuge zwischen mir und dir (daher heißt man ihn Gilead)
(So spoke Laban: The Haufe be heute Zeuge between to_me and you/to_you (daher is_called man him/it Gilead))
ClVg Dixitque Laban: Tumulus iste erit testis inter me et te hodie, et idcirco appellatum est nomen ejus Galaad, id est, Tumulus testis.
(And_he_said Laban: Tumulus this will_be testis between me and you(sg) hodie, and idcirco appellatum it_is nomen his Galaad, id it_is, Tumulus testis. )
31:45-48 The stone and the heap of stones were a monument to the border treaty between the two men, as a witness to future generations. Each man named the monument witness pile in his native language. It remained the perpetual border between Israel and the kingdom of Aram (Syria), two nations often at war.
Note 1 topic: writing-quotations
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָבָ֔ן
and=he/it_said Laban
Alternate translation: “Then Laban said to Jacob” or “Laban said to Jacob,”
הַגַּ֨ל הַזֶּ֥ה עֵ֛ד בֵּינִ֥י וּבֵינְךָ֖ הַיּ֑וֹם
the,heap the=this witness between,me and,between,you the=day
Alternate translation: “This pile of stones is to remind us to keep our peace covenant” or “Starting today, when we see this mound of stones, we will remember our peace covenant”
עַל כֵּ֥ן
on/upon/above/on_account_of//he/it_went_in yes/correct/thus/so
Alternate translation: “That is the reason”
קָרָֽא שְׁמ֖וֹ גַּלְעֵֽד
he/it_called his/its=name Galeed
The phrase he called its name is used here in a general way that means “they/people call it”; the pronoun he does not refer here to Laban. Make sure that is clear in your language. Alternate translation: “they call it Galeed.” or “that place is called Galeed.”
Genesis 21-35
Though the patriarch Isaac moved from place to place several times within southern Canaan, compared to his father Abraham and his son Jacob, Isaac appears to have been a bit of a homebody. In fact, unless Isaac resettled in places not recorded in Scripture, the farthest extent he ever traveled appears to have been only about 90 miles (113 km). Yet, as the child of God’s promise to Abraham to build a great nation from his descendants, Isaac’s relatively simple life served as a critical bridge from Abraham to the beginnings of the twelve tribes of Israel, who were descended from Isaac’s son Jacob. It is likely that Isaac was born at Beersheba (see Genesis 21:1-24), and later Abraham offered him as a sacrifice on Mount Moriah (located at Jerusalem; see 2 Chronicles 3:1). Then Abraham, Isaac, and those with them returned to Beersheba (Genesis 22:1-19). When Isaac reached adulthood, his father sent a servant to bring back a bride for him from Aram-naharaim, far north of Canaan. When his bride, Rebekah, arrived, Isaac had just come from Beer-lahai-roi and settled in the Negev (Genesis 24:62). Later Isaac resettled with Rebekah in Beer-lahai-roi, and this may have been where their twins son Esau and Jacob were born. A famine forced Isaac to go to Gerar (Genesis 26:1-6) in “the land of the Philistines.” The distinct people group known as the Philistines in later books of the Bible did not arrive until the time of the Judges, so the term here must have referred to another people group living in this region, and this is supported by the fact that King Abimelech’s name is Semitic, not Aegean (the likely origin of the later Philistines). While Isaac was there, he repeated his father’s error (Genesis 20) by lying to the king that his wife was only his sister. Isaac also became increasingly prosperous at Gerar, so the Philistines told him to leave their region. Isaac moved away from the town of Gerar and settled further away in the valley of Gerar. There he dug a well, but the Philistines claimed it for themselves, so he called it Esek, meaning “argument.” So Isaac’s men dug another well and called it Sitnah (meaning “hostility”), but it led to more quarreling, so he dug yet another well and called it Rehoboth (meaning “open space”). The locations of these two later wells are not certain, but they may have been located near Ruheibeh as shown on this map. Then Isaac moved to Beersheba and built an altar. He also dug a well there, and King Abimelech of the Philistines came and exchanged oaths of peace with him. It was likely at Beersheba that Isaac blessed his sons Esau and Jacob, and both sons eventually left Canaan (see “Jacob Goes to Paddan-Aram” map). When Jacob later returned, he traveled to Mamre near Hebron and reunited with Isaac. Sometime after this Isaac died, and Jacob and Esau buried him there.