OET interlinear ISA 5:7

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: grammar-connect-logic-result

כִּ֣י

that/for/because/then/when

The word translated as For indicates that what follows is a reason for what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: [This is because]

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

כֶ֜רֶם יְהוָ֤ה צְבָאוֹת֙ בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל

vineyard_of YHWH armies/messengers house_of Yisrael

Here Isaiah is speaking of the people of Israel as if they were the vineyard of Yahweh of Armies, a cultivated plot of land belonging to God. Your language may have a comparable expression that you can use in your translation, or you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [the house of Israel is like a vineyard belonging to Yahweh of Armies]

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

וְ⁠אִ֣ישׁ יְהוּדָ֔ה נְטַ֖ע שַׁעֲשׁוּעָ֑י⁠ו

and,everyone_of Yehuda plant_of his_delight(s)_of,his

Here Isaiah is speaking of the people of Judah as if they were the planting of his delight, a cherished garden that Yahweh planted and tended. Your language may have a comparable expression that you can use in your translation, or you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [and the man of Judah is the cherished planting that he tended with care]

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / gendernotations

וְ⁠אִ֣ישׁ יְהוּדָ֔ה

and,everyone_of Yehuda

Here the masculine term man has a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use language in your translation that is clearly inclusive of both men and women. Alternate translation: [and the men and women of Judah]

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / possession

נְטַ֖ע שַׁעֲשׁוּעָ֑י⁠ו

plant_of his_delight(s)_of,his

Isaiah is using the possessive form to describe a planting that is characterized by his delight. If a speaker of your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could express this idea in another way. Alternate translation: [is a planting in which he delights]

Note 6 topic: figures-of-speech / ellipsis

וַ⁠יְקַ֤ו לְ⁠מִשְׁפָּט֙ וְ⁠הִנֵּ֣ה מִשְׂפָּ֔ח

and,he_waited for,justice and=see/lo/see! bloodshed

Isaiah is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: [And he waited for justice, but behold, he found bloodshed]

Note 7 topic: writing-poetry

לְ⁠מִשְׁפָּט֙ וְ⁠הִנֵּ֣ה מִשְׂפָּ֔ח לִ⁠צְדָקָ֖ה וְ⁠הִנֵּ֥ה צְעָקָֽה

for,justice and=see/lo/see! bloodshed for,righteousness and=see/lo/see! cry_of_distress

As the Hebrew prophets did on many occasions, in this chapter Isaiah emphasizes a point by using words together that have very similar sounds. In verse 7, he says, “he waited for justice, but behold, bloodshed; for righteousness, but behold, a cry.” The words translated as “justice” and “bloodshed” differ only in their last letter in Hebrew. Similarly, the words for “righteousness” and a “cry” differ in only one letter. It is often difficult to reproduce this kind of word play in another language, but if your language does have similar terms that you can use in these instances, it would be appropriate to do that in your translation. If not, you could show the emphasis in another way, such as by saying “only bloodshed” and “nothing but a cry.”

Note 8 topic: figures-of-speech / abstractnouns

לְ⁠מִשְׁפָּט֙ & לִ⁠צְדָקָ֖ה

for,justice & for,righteousness

If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of justice and righteousness, you could express the same ideas in other ways. Alternate translation: [people to act fairly … people to do right]

Note 9 topic: writing-foreground

וְ⁠הִנֵּ֣ה מִשְׂפָּ֔ח

and=see/lo/see! bloodshed

Isaiah is using the term behold to focus his listeners’ attention on what he is about to say. Your language may have a comparable expression that you can use in your translation. Alternate translation: [but there is bloodshed instead]

Note 10 topic: figures-of-speech / ellipsis

לִ⁠צְדָקָ֖ה וְ⁠הִנֵּ֥ה צְעָקָֽה

for,righteousness and=see/lo/see! cry_of_distress

Isaiah is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: [and he waited for righteousness, but behold, he heard a cry]