OET interlinear ISA 28:1

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / exclamations

ה֗וֹי

woe

Isaiah is using the word Woe to express his distress about what will happen to the people of Ephraim. Your language may have a comparable expression that you can use in your translation. Alternate translation: [Disaster is coming to]

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

עֲטֶ֤רֶת גֵּאוּת֙ שִׁכֹּרֵ֣י אֶפְרַ֔יִם

crown_of proud_of drunkards_of ʼEfrayim

Isaiah is speaking as if the city of Samaria were the crown of the pride of the drunkards of Ephraim. He means that Samaria sits on a hilltop above the fertile valley like a crown on the head of a drunken person. Your language may have a comparable expression that you can use in your translation, or you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [the city that the drunkards of Ephraim are proud of]

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / abstractnouns

גֵּאוּת֙

proud_of

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of pride, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: [the boasting of]

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

וְ⁠צִ֥יץ נֹבֵ֖ל צְבִ֣י תִפְאַרְתּ֑⁠וֹ

and_[the],blossom fading beauty_of its_splendor_of,his

Isaiah is speaking as if the beauty of Samaria were the fading flower. He means that the beauty and prosperity of the city will soon pass away. Your language may have a comparable expression that you can use in your translation, or you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [yes, to the splendor of its beauty that is fading away]

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / abstractnouns

צְבִ֣י

beauty_of

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of splendor, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: [splendid in]

Note 6 topic: figures-of-speech / abstractnouns

תִפְאַרְתּ֑⁠וֹ

its_splendor_of,his

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of beauty, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: [how beautiful it looks]

Note 7 topic: writing-pronouns

תִפְאַרְתּ֑⁠וֹ

its_splendor_of,his

The pronoun its refers to the city of Samaria. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: [Samaria’s beauty]

Note 8 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

רֹ֥אשׁ גֵּֽיא שְׁמָנִ֖ים

head valley_of rich

Isaiah is speaking as if the hilltop location of Samaria were the head of the rich valley below it. He means that the city sits prominently above a valley known for its fertile abundance. Your language may have a comparable expression that you can use in your translation, or you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [the top of a fertile valley]

Note 9 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive

הֲל֥וּמֵי יָֽיִן

overcome_of wine

The expression the ones overcome is a passive verbal form. If it would be unnatural to use that form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: [to those whom wine has overcome]

Note 10 topic: figures-of-speech / nominaladj

הֲל֥וּמֵי יָֽיִן

overcome_of wine

Isaiah is using the participle the ones overcome as a noun to mean a certain kind of person. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: [to those who have drunk too much wine]