UBS Hebrew Dictionary Article

Form 1

Part of speech: vb

Related names: עֶבֶד; עֶבֶד־מֶלֶךְ; עֲבֵד נְגֹו; עֹבֵד אֱדֹם; עַבְדָּא; עַבְדְּאֵל; עַבְדֹּון; עֹבַדְיָה; עֹבַדְיָהוּ; עֹובֵד

Related lemmas: מַעֲבָד · עֲבָד · עֶבֶד · עֲבֹדָה · עֲבֻדָּה · עַבְדוּת

Sense 1: to serve (someone)

Semantic domains: Serve (002003002024)

Definition: = state in which humans, either as individuals or as groups, are in a position of subservience towards (other) individuals or groups, which is normally accompanied by a number of duties, tasks and obligations

Forms: vbqal-

GEN 14:4: RV GEN 14:4 · LV GEN 14:4 · Read together GEN 14:4

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OET-RV GEN 14:4

4 They had been subject to King Kedorla’omer for twelve years, but in the thirteenth year they rebelled.

OET-LV GEN 14:4

4 Two _plus ten year[s] they _had _served DOM Kedorlaomer and_three teen year they _rebelled.

GEN 15:13: RV GEN 15:13 · LV GEN 15:13 · Read together GEN 15:13

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OET-RV GEN 15:13

13 and Yahweh said to Avram, “Know for certain that your descendants will be strangers in a land that doesn’t belong to them, and they’ll serve the rulers of that land and those rulers will persecute them for 400 years.

OET-LV GEN 15:13

13 And_he/it _said to_ʼAⱱrām certainly _(know) you _will _know if/because _that a _sojourner it _will _be your(ms)_seed/fruit in_land which_not to/for_them and_they_will _serve _them and_they _will _afflict DOM_them four hundred(s) year[s].

All 56 recorded passages for this sense

EXO: RV EXO 14:5 · RV EXO 14:12 · RV EXO 21:2 · RV EXO 21:6 · LV EXO 14:5 · LV EXO 14:12 · LV EXO 21:2 · LV EXO 21:6 · Read together EXO 14:5 · Read together EXO 14:12 · Read together EXO 21:2 · Read together EXO 21:6

DEU: RV DEU 15:12 · RV DEU 15:18 · RV DEU 20:11 · RV DEU 28:48 · LV DEU 15:12 · LV DEU 15:18 · LV DEU 20:11 · LV DEU 28:48 · Read together DEU 15:12 · Read together DEU 15:18 · Read together DEU 20:11 · Read together DEU 28:48

JDG: RV JDG 3:8 · RV JDG 3:14 · RV JDG 9:28 · RV JDG 9:38 · LV JDG 3:8 · LV JDG 3:14 · LV JDG 9:28 · LV JDG 9:38 · Read together JDG 3:8 · Read together JDG 3:14 · Read together JDG 9:28 · Read together JDG 9:38

SA1: RV SA1 4:9 · RV SA1 11:1 · RV SA1 12:10 · RV SA1 17:9 · LV SA1 4:9 · LV SA1 11:1 · LV SA1 12:10 · LV SA1 17:9 · Read together SA1 4:9 · Read together SA1 11:1 · Read together SA1 12:10 · Read together SA1 17:9

SA2: RV SA2 10:19 · RV SA2 16:19 · RV SA2 22:44 · LV SA2 10:19 · LV SA2 16:19 · LV SA2 22:44 · Read together SA2 10:19 · Read together SA2 16:19 · Read together SA2 22:44

KI1: RV KI1 4:21 · RV KI1 12:4 · RV KI1 12:7 · LV KI1 5:1 · LV KI1 12:4 · LV KI1 12:7 · Read together KI1 4:21 · Read together KI1 12:4 · Read together KI1 12:7

KI2: RV KI2 18:7 · RV KI2 25:24 · LV KI2 18:7 · LV KI2 25:24 · Read together KI2 18:7 · Read together KI2 25:24

CH1: RV CH1 19:19 · LV CH1 19:19 · Read together CH1 19:19

CH2: RV CH2 10:4 · LV CH2 10:4 · Read together CH2 10:4

JOB: RV JOB 39:9 · LV JOB 39:9 · Read together JOB 39:9

PSA: RV PSA 18:43 · RV PSA 72:11 · LV PSA 18:44 · LV PSA 72:11 · Read together PSA 18:43 · Read together PSA 72:11

ISA: RV ISA 60:12 · LV ISA 60:12 · Read together ISA 60:12

JER: RV JER 25:11 · RV JER 27:6–9 · RV JER 27:11–14 · RV JER 27:17 · RV JER 28:14 · RV JER 34:14 · RV JER 40:9 · LV JER 25:11 · LV JER 27:6–9 · LV JER 27:11–14 · LV JER 27:17 · LV JER 28:14 · LV JER 34:14 · LV JER 40:9 · Read together JER 25:11 · Read together JER 27:6–9 · Read together JER 27:11–14 · Read together JER 27:17 · Read together JER 28:14 · Read together JER 34:14 · Read together JER 40:9

MAL: RV MAL 3:17 · LV MAL 3:17 · Read together MAL 3:17

Sense 2: to make (someone) serve (someone else)

Semantic domains: Serve (002003002024)

Definition: = causative action by which deities cause humans, either as individuals or as groups, to assume a position of subservience towards (other) individuals or groups, which normally accompanied by a number of duties, tasks and obligations

Forms: vbhif-

ISA 43:23: RV ISA 43:23 · LV ISA 43:23 · Read together ISA 43:23

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OET-RV ISA 43:23

23 You haven’t brought sheep to me as your burnt offerings,
⇔ ≈ and you haven’t honoured me with your sacrifices.
⇔ I haven’t burdened you with grain offerings,
⇔ ≈ and I haven’t made you weary by demanding incense.

OET-LV ISA 43:23

23 Not you _have _brought to/for_me the _sheep _of your(pl)_burnt _offerings _of_your and_sacrifices _of_your not you_have _honoured _me not I_have _burdened _you with_offering[s] and_not I_have _made _you _weary with_frankincense.

ISA 43:24: RV ISA 43:24 · LV ISA 43:24 · Read together ISA 43:24

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OET-RV ISA 43:24

24 You didn’t spend any money to buy fragrant reeds for me,
⇔ ≈ and you haven’t satisfied me with the fat from your sacrifices.
⇔ Nevertheless you’ve burdened me with your disobedience—
⇔ ≈ you’ve tired me out with your wickedness.

OET-LV ISA 43:24

24 Not you _have _bought to/for_me for_money calamus and_the _fat _of your(pl)_sacrifices _of_your not you_have _satisfied _me nevertheless you_have _burdened _me with_sins _of_your you_have _made _me _weary with_iniquities _of_your.

All 4 recorded passages for this sense

ISA: RV ISA 43:23–24 · LV ISA 43:23–24 · Read together ISA 43:23–24

JER: RV JER 15:14 · RV JER 17:4 · LV JER 15:14 · LV JER 17:4 · Read together JER 15:14 · Read together JER 17:4

Sense 3: to serve, worship (a deity)

Semantic domains: Serve (002003002024)

Definition: = action by which humans, either as individuals or as groups, assume a position of subservience towards a deity, perform the required rituals, and live in accordance with the requirements of that deity

Forms: vbqal-

EXO 3:12: RV EXO 3:12 · LV EXO 3:12 · Read together EXO 3:12

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OET-RV EXO 3:12

12 “I’ll certainly be with you,” God replied, “and this will be your sign so that you’ll know that I have sent you: when you bring the people out from Mitsrayim, you all will serve God on this very hill.”

OET-LV EXO 3:12

12 And_he/it _said if/because I _will _be with_you and_this for_you will_be_the _sign if/because _that I I_sent _you when_you_have _brought _out DOM the_people from_Miʦrayim you(pl)_will _serve DOM the_ʼElohīm on the_mountain (the)_this.

EXO 4:23: RV EXO 4:23 · LV EXO 4:23 · Read together EXO 4:23

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OET-RV EXO 4:23

23 and he asked you to let that son go so that he can serve him. But you refused to let Yisrael go, so Yahweh will kill your oldest son.’ ”

OET-LV EXO 4:23

23 And_I _said to_you let _go DOM son _of_my so_that_he _may _serve _me and_you _refused to_let_him _go HERE I am_about _to _kill DOM son _of_your firstborn _of_your.

All 131 recorded passages for this sense

JOS: RV JOS 22:5 · RV JOS 23:7 · RV JOS 23:16 · RV JOS 24:2 · RV JOS 24:14–16 · RV JOS 24:18–22 · RV JOS 24:24 · RV JOS 24:31 · LV JOS 22:5 · LV JOS 23:7 · LV JOS 23:16 · LV JOS 24:2 · LV JOS 24:14–16 · LV JOS 24:18–22 · LV JOS 24:24 · LV JOS 24:31 · Read together JOS 22:5 · Read together JOS 23:7 · Read together JOS 23:16 · Read together JOS 24:2 · Read together JOS 24:14–16 · Read together JOS 24:18–22 · Read together JOS 24:24 · Read together JOS 24:31

SA1: RV SA1 7:3–4 · RV SA1 8:8 · RV SA1 12:10 · RV SA1 12:14 · RV SA1 12:20 · RV SA1 12:24 · RV SA1 26:19 · LV SA1 7:3–4 · LV SA1 8:8 · LV SA1 12:10 · LV SA1 12:14 · LV SA1 12:20 · LV SA1 12:24 · LV SA1 26:19 · Read together SA1 7:3–4 · Read together SA1 8:8 · Read together SA1 12:10 · Read together SA1 12:14 · Read together SA1 12:20 · Read together SA1 12:24 · Read together SA1 26:19

SA2: RV SA2 15:8 · LV SA2 15:8 · Read together SA2 15:8

KI1: RV KI1 9:6 · RV KI1 9:9 · RV KI1 16:31 · RV KI1 22:53 · LV KI1 9:6 · LV KI1 9:9 · LV KI1 16:31 · LV KI1 22:54 · Read together KI1 9:6 · Read together KI1 9:9 · Read together KI1 16:31 · Read together KI1 22:53

CH1: RV CH1 28:9 · LV CH1 28:9 · Read together CH1 28:9

NEH: RV NEH 9:35 · LV NEH 9:35 · Read together NEH 9:35

JOB: RV JOB 21:15 · RV JOB 36:11 · LV JOB 21:15 · LV JOB 36:11 · Read together JOB 21:15 · Read together JOB 36:11

PSA: RV PSA 2:11 · RV PSA 22:30 · RV PSA 97:7 · RV PSA 100:2 · RV PSA 102:22 · RV PSA 106:36 · LV PSA 2:11 · LV PSA 22:31 · LV PSA 97:7 · LV PSA 100:2 · LV PSA 102:23 · LV PSA 106:36 · Read together PSA 2:11 · Read together PSA 22:30 · Read together PSA 97:7 · Read together PSA 100:2 · Read together PSA 102:22 · Read together PSA 106:36

ISA: RV ISA 19:21 · RV ISA 19:23 · LV ISA 19:21 · LV ISA 19:23 · Read together ISA 19:21 · Read together ISA 19:23

EZE: RV EZE 20:39–40 · LV EZE 20:39–40 · Read together EZE 20:39–40

ZEP: RV ZEP 3:9 · LV ZEP 3:9 · Read together ZEP 3:9

MAL: RV MAL 3:14 · RV MAL 3:18 · LV MAL 3:14 · LV MAL 3:18 · Read together MAL 3:14 · Read together MAL 3:18

Sense 4: to make (someone) worship (a deity)

Semantic domains: Serve (002003002024)

Definition: = causative action by which someone in authority causes humans, either as individuals or as groups, to assume a position of subservience towards a deity, perform the required rituals, and live in accordance with the requirements of that deity

Forms: vbhif-

CH2 34:33: RV CH2 34:33 · LV CH2 34:33 · Read together CH2 34:33

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OET-RV CH2 34:33

33 So King Yoshiyah (Josiah) removed all the disgusting idols from all the Israeli regions, and he made everyone in Yisrael (Israel) serve their god Yahweh—during his lifetime they never turned away from Yahweh, their ancestors’ god.

OET-LV CH2 34:33

33 And_ Yoʼshiy^yāh/(Josiah) _he _removed DOM all _of the_abominations from_all the_lands which belonged_to_the _people _of Yisrā^ʼēl/(Israel) and_he _made _to _serve DOM every _of (the)_one_who _was_found in_Yisrā^ʼēl/(Israel) to_serve DOM YHWH god _of_their all _of his/its_days not they _turned _aside from_after YHWH the _god _of their _ancestors _of_their.

Sense 5: to work, to till, to plow (soil, flax), to dress (a vineyard)

Semantic domains: Plant (002002001014)

Definition: literally, to "serve"; therefore = action by which workers prepare land of planting and harvesting; also refers to caring for a vineyard, processing linen, or using cattle for working the land

Forms: vbqal-; vbnif- (passive); vbpual (passive)

GEN 2:5: RV GEN 2:5 · LV GEN 2:5 · Read together GEN 2:5

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OET-RV GEN 2:5

5 there weren’t yet any bushes growing on the earth, and no plants had yet sprung up in the countryside, because Yahweh God had not yet made it rain, and nor were there any people yet to till the ground.

OET-LV GEN 2:5

5 And_all/each/any/every (the)_bush[es]_of the_field not _yet it _was in/on _the_earth and_all (the)_vegetation _of the_field not _yet it _was _sprouting if/because not YHWH god he _had _caused _rain on the_earth/land and_human/ʼĀdām there_was_not to_work DOM the_soil.

GEN 2:15: RV GEN 2:15 · LV GEN 2:15 · Read together GEN 2:15

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OET-RV GEN 2:15

15 Yahweh God took the man and put him in the garden at Eden to cultivate and maintain it

OET-LV GEN 2:15

15 And_ YHWH god _he/it _took DOM the_humankind and_he/it _put_him/it in_garden of _ˊĒden to_work_her/it and_to_guard/attend _to_her/it.

All 19 recorded passages for this sense

GEN: RV GEN 2:5 · RV GEN 2:15 · RV GEN 3:23 · RV GEN 4:2 · RV GEN 4:12 · LV GEN 2:5 · LV GEN 2:15 · LV GEN 3:23 · LV GEN 4:2 · LV GEN 4:12 · Read together GEN 2:5 · Read together GEN 2:15 · Read together GEN 3:23 · Read together GEN 4:2 · Read together GEN 4:12

DEU: RV DEU 15:19 · RV DEU 21:3–4 · RV DEU 28:39 · LV DEU 15:19 · LV DEU 21:3–4 · LV DEU 28:39 · Read together DEU 15:19 · Read together DEU 21:3–4 · Read together DEU 28:39

SA2: RV SA2 9:10 · LV SA2 9:10 · Read together SA2 9:10

PRO: RV PRO 12:11 · RV PRO 28:19 · LV PRO 12:11 · LV PRO 28:19 · Read together PRO 12:11 · Read together PRO 28:19

ECC: RV ECC 5:9 · LV ECC 5:8 · Read together ECC 5:9

ISA: RV ISA 19:9 · RV ISA 30:24 · LV ISA 19:9 · LV ISA 30:24 · Read together ISA 19:9 · Read together ISA 30:24

EZE: RV EZE 36:9 · RV EZE 36:34 · RV EZE 48:19 · LV EZE 36:9 · LV EZE 36:34 · LV EZE 48:19 · Read together EZE 36:9 · Read together EZE 36:34 · Read together EZE 48:19

ZEC: RV ZEC 13:5 · LV ZEC 13:5 · Read together ZEC 13:5

Sense 6: to do work, to labor

Semantic domains: Diligent (002001002006)

Definition: = action or pattern of actions by which humans make a physical effort towards a certain goal

Forms: vbqal-

GEN 29:20: RV GEN 29:20 · LV GEN 29:20 · Read together GEN 29:20

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OET-RV GEN 29:20

20 So Ya’akov worked seven years for Rahel, but it only seemed like a few days to him because of his love for her,

OET-LV GEN 29:20

20 And_ Yaˊₐqoⱱ/(Jacob) _he _served for_Rāḩēl seven years and_they _were in_eyes _of_his like_days one(s) in_love _of_his DOM_her/it.

GEN 29:25: RV GEN 29:25 · LV GEN 29:25 · Read together GEN 29:25

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OET-RV GEN 29:25

25 But in the morning, Ya’akov saw that wow, it was Le’ah! “Hey, what’s this that you’ve done to me?” Ya’akov demanded of Lavan. “Wasn’t it Rahel that I worked for you for? So why did you deceive me?”

OET-LV GEN 29:25

25 And_he/it _was in_morning and_BEHOLD/LO/SEE she was_Lēʼāh and_he/it _said to Lāⱱān what this have _you _done to/for_me not for_Rāḩēl have _I _served with_you and_for_what have_you _deceived _me.

All 15 recorded passages for this sense

GEN: RV GEN 29:20 · RV GEN 29:25 · RV GEN 29:27 · RV GEN 29:30 · LV GEN 29:20 · LV GEN 29:25 · LV GEN 29:27 · LV GEN 29:30 · Read together GEN 29:20 · Read together GEN 29:25 · Read together GEN 29:27 · Read together GEN 29:30

EXO: RV EXO 5:18 · RV EXO 20:9 · RV EXO 34:21 · LV EXO 5:18 · LV EXO 20:9 · LV EXO 34:21 · Read together EXO 5:18 · Read together EXO 20:9 · Read together EXO 34:21

LEV: RV LEV 25:40 · LV LEV 25:40 · Read together LEV 25:40

DEU: RV DEU 5:13 · LV DEU 5:13 · Read together DEU 5:13

ECC: RV ECC 5:12 · LV ECC 5:11 · Read together ECC 5:12

EZE: RV EZE 29:18 · RV EZE 29:20 · RV EZE 48:18–19 · LV EZE 29:18 · LV EZE 29:20 · LV EZE 48:18–19 · Read together EZE 29:18 · Read together EZE 29:20 · Read together EZE 48:18–19

HOS: RV HOS 12:12 · LV HOS 12:13 · Read together HOS 12:12

Sense 7: to cause (someone) to work, to make (someone) labor

Semantic domains: Diligent (002001002006)

Definition: = causative action by which humans cause other humans to make a physical effort towards a certain goal

Forms: vbhif-

EXO 1:13: RV EXO 1:13 · LV EXO 1:13 · Read together EXO 1:13

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OET-RV EXO 1:13

13 So they made the Israelis work long, hard hours,

OET-LV EXO 1:13

13 And_ Miʦrayim/(Egypt) _they _compelled _to _labour DOM the _people _of Yisrā^ʼēl/(Israel) with_harshness.

EXO 6:5: RV EXO 6:5 · LV EXO 6:5 · Read together EXO 6:5

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OET-RV EXO 6:5

5 Furthermore, I’ve heard the complaints from the Israelis who have been enslaved by the Mitsrim (Egyptians), and I have remembered my agreement.

OET-LV EXO 6:5

5 And_also I I _have _heard DOM the _groaning _of the _people _of Yisrā^ʼēl/(Israel) whom Miʦrayim/(Egypt) are_compelling _to _labour DOM_them and_I _have _remembered DOM covenant _of_my.

All 4 recorded passages for this sense

EXO: RV EXO 1:13 · RV EXO 6:5 · LV EXO 1:13 · LV EXO 6:5 · Read together EXO 1:13 · Read together EXO 6:5

CH2: RV CH2 2:18 · LV CH2 2:17 · Read together CH2 2:18

EZE: RV EZE 29:18 · LV EZE 29:18 · Read together EZE 29:18

Sense 8: to make (someone) a slave or servant, to make (someone) serve or work, to enslave

Semantic domains: Serve (002003002024)

Definition: = causative action by which someone in authority causes others to assume a position of subservience and carry out specific duties, tasks, and obligations

Forms: vbqal-; vbpual (passive)

EXO 1:14: RV EXO 1:14 · LV EXO 1:14 · Read together EXO 1:14

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OET-RV EXO 1:14

14 and they made their lives bitter with the hard slavery. They were forced to make mortar and bricks, as well as all kinds of slave labour in the fields—all the work they had to do was strenuous and tiring.

OET-LV EXO 1:14

14 And_they _made _bitter DOM lives _of_their with_labour hard in_mortar and_in_bricks and_on/over_all labour in _the_field DOM all _of labour _of_their which they _laboured in/among_them with_harshness.

LEV 25:39: RV LEV 25:39 · LV LEV 25:39 · Read together LEV 25:39

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OET-RV LEV 25:39

39 If a fellow citizen becomes poor and selling himself to you, don’t force him to work like a slave—

OET-LV LEV 25:39

39 And_because/when your(ms)_brother/kindred he _will _become _impoverished with_you and_he _will _sell _himself to/for_you(fs) not you _will _labour in/on/over_him/it the_labour _of a _slave.

All 11 recorded passages for this sense

EXO: RV EXO 1:14 · LV EXO 1:14 · Read together EXO 1:14

LEV: RV LEV 25:39 · RV LEV 25:46 · LV LEV 25:39 · LV LEV 25:46 · Read together LEV 25:39 · Read together LEV 25:46

ISA: RV ISA 14:3 · LV ISA 14:3 · Read together ISA 14:3

JER: RV JER 22:13 · RV JER 25:14 · RV JER 27:7 · RV JER 30:8 · RV JER 34:9–10 · LV JER 22:13 · LV JER 25:14 · LV JER 27:7 · LV JER 30:8 · LV JER 34:9–10 · Read together JER 22:13 · Read together JER 25:14 · Read together JER 27:7 · Read together JER 30:8 · Read together JER 34:9–10

EZE: RV EZE 34:27 · LV EZE 34:27 · Read together EZE 34:27

Sense 9: to carry out a task, to serve, to do work, to minister

Semantic domains: Serve (002003002024)

Definition: = action by which a person provides a service ► for a specific purpose or on behalf of another

Forms: vbqal-

Collocations: עבד עֲבֹודָה

GEN 30:26: RV GEN 30:26 · LV GEN 30:26 · Read together GEN 30:26

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OET-RV GEN 30:26

26 Let me take my wives that I worked for you for, and take my children so that I can leave, because you yourself know how long and hard I’ve worked for you.”

OET-LV GEN 30:26