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Key: khaki:verbs.
Note: Automatic aligning of the OET-RV to the LV is done by some temporary software, hence the OET-RV alignments are incomplete (and may occasionally be wrong).
BrLXXΚαὶ ἐξεκαλοῦντο τὸν Λὼτ, καὶ ἔλεγον πρὸς αὐτὸν, ποῦ εἰσιν οἱ ἄνδρες οἱ εἰσελθόντες πρὸς σὲ τὴν νύκτα; ἐξάγαγε αὐτοὺς πρὸς ἡμᾶς, ἵνα συγγενώμεθα αὐτοῖς. (Kai exekalounto ton Lōt, kai elegon pros auton, pou eisin hoi andres hoi eiselthontes pros se taʸn nukta; exagage autous pros haʸmas, hina sungenōmetha autois. )
BrTrAnd they called out Lot, and said to him, Where are the men that went in to thee this night? bring them out to us that we may be with them.
ULTThen they called to Lot and said to him, “Where are the men who came to you tonight? Bring them out to us so that we can know them!”
USTThen they shouted to Lot, “Where are the two men who came to lodge with you tonight? Bring them outside to us so that we can have relations with them!”
BSBThey called out to Lot, saying, “Where are the men who came to you tonight? Send them out to us so we can have relations with them!”
OEBThey called out to Lot, ‘Where are the men who came in to you tonight? Bring them out to us so we can rape them.’
WEBBEThey called to Lot, and said to him, “Where are the men who came in to you this night? Bring them out to us, that we may have sex with them.”
NETThey shouted to Lot, “Where are the men who came to you tonight? Bring them out to us so we can have sex with them!”
LSVand they call to Lot and say to him, “Where [are] the men who have come to you tonight? Bring them out to us, and we know them.”
FBVThey shouted out to Lot, “Where are the men who came to stay with you tonight? Bring them out here to us so we can have sex with them.”
T4TThey called out to Lot, saying, “Where are the men who came to your house this evening? Bring them out, so that we can have sex with them!” [EUP]
LEBAnd they called to Lot and said to him, “Where are the men who came to you tonight? Bring them out to us so that we may know[fn] them.”
19:5Hebrew idiom for sexual intercourse (cp. Gen 4:1)
BBEAnd crying out to Lot, they said, Where are the men who came to your house this night? Send them out to us, so that we may take our pleasure with them.
JPSAnd they called unto Lot, and said unto him: 'Where are the men that came in to thee this night? bring them out unto us, that we may know them.'
ASVand they called unto Lot, and said unto him, Where are the men that came in to thee this night? bring them out unto us, that we may know them.
DRAAnd they called Lot, and said to him: Where are the men that came in to thee at night? bring them out hither that we may know them:
YLTand they call unto Lot and say to him, 'Where [are] the men who have come in unto thee to-night? bring them out unto us, and we know them.'
DrbyAnd they called to Lot, and said to him, Where are the men that have come in to thee to-night? bring them out to us that we may know them.
RVand they called unto Lot, and said unto him, Where are the men which came in to thee this night? bring them out unto us, that we may know them.
WbstrAnd they called to Lot, and said to him, Where are the men who came in to thee this night? bring them out to us, that we may know them.
KJB-1769And they called unto Lot, and said unto him, Where are the men which came in to thee this night? bring them out unto us, that we may know them. (And they called unto Lot, and said unto him, Where are the men which came in to thee/you this night? bring them out unto us, that we may know them. )
KJB-1611And they called vnto Lot, and said vnto him, Where are the men which came in to thee this night? bring them out vnto vs, that we may know them. (Modernised spelling is same as from KJB-1769 above)
BshpsAnd they callyng vnto Lot, sayde vnto hym: Where are the men whiche came in to thee this nyght? bryng them out vnto vs, that we may knowe them. (And they calling unto Lot, said unto him: Where are the men which came in to thee/you this night? bring them out unto us, that we may know them.)
GnvaWho crying vnto Lot said to him, Where are the men, which came to thee this night? bring them out vnto vs that we may knowe them. (Who crying unto Lot said to him, Where are the men, which came to thee/you this night? bring them out unto us that we may know them. )
Cvdland called Lot, and sayde vnto him: Where are the me that came vnto the to night? Bringe them out here vnto vs, that we maye knowe them. (and called Lot, and said unto him: Where are the me that came unto the to night? Bringe them out here unto us, that we may know them.)
Wycland thei clepiden Loth, and seiden to him, Where ben the men that entriden to thee to nyyt? brynge hem out hidur, that we `knowe hem. (and they called Lot, and said to him, Where been the men that entered to thee/you to night? bring them out hidur, that we `knowe them.)
Luthund forderten Lot und sprachen zu ihm: Wo sind die Männer, die zu dir kommen sind diese Nacht? Führe sie heraus zu uns, daß wir sie erkennen. (and forderten Lot and said to him: Where are the men, the to you/to_you coming are this/these Nacht? Führe they/she/them heraus to uns, that we/us they/she/them erkennen.)
ClVgVocaveruntque Lot, et dixerunt ei: Ubi sunt viri qui introierunt ad te nocte? educ illos huc, ut cognoscamus eos. (Vocaveruntque Lot, and dixerunt ei: Where are viri who introierunt to you(sg) nocte? educ those huc, as cognoscamus them. )
19:1-38 The Canaanites were an evil, corrupting people. God judged their morally bankrupt civilization and warned others against becoming like them. It was difficult to get Lot and his family out of Sodom; it was more difficult to get Sodom out of Lot and his family. This chapter helped later Israelites to understand the moral and spiritual threat of the peoples living in and around the Promised Land, such as the Canaanites and Lot’s descendants, the Moabites and the Ammonites (see Num 22–25; Deut 23:3-6; Josh 24:9; Judg 10:7-9; 11:4-5; 1 Sam 10:27; 1 Kgs 11:1-3; 2 Kgs 24:2).
Consider what is the best way to refer to these people at this point in the paragraph in your translation. Alternate translation: “Then the mob of people called out to Lot” or “Then the mob of men shouted to Lot”
אֲשֶׁר בָּ֥אוּ אֵלֶ֖יךָ הַלָּ֑יְלָה
which/who they_went to,you the=night
Alternate translation: “who came to your house tonight?”
הוֹצִיאֵ֣ם אֵלֵ֔ינוּ
bring_~_out,them to,us
Alternate translation: “Bring them to us out here” or “We demand that you bring them out here to us”
In Hebrew the verb know is often used as an idiom that means “have sex with” (as in Gen 4:1, 25). Here it refers to homosexual activities and raping the two men. Translate this in a way that is not too offensive to be read aloud in public. Alternate translation: “so that we can have sex with them!”
Author’s note: This article assumes that Sodom, Gomorrah, and Bela (Zoar) were located at Bab edh-Dhra, Numeira, and Khirbat ash-Sheikh `Isa, respectively. The exact locations of the cities of the plain are widely debated, with the primary dispute centering around whether the cities are to be found in the northern area of the Dead Sea (since Lot headed east from Bethel [Genesis 13]) or the southern area (as the Medeba Map shows). It is beyond the scope of this article to present all the evidence to support a southern location, but many of them are well summarized here: “The Discovery of the Sin Cities of Sodom and Gomorrah.” In addition, Eusebius in his Onomasticon describes the Dead Sea as lying between Jericho and Zoar. This author has also recently found that Eusebius notes that Nebereim (Nimrim; see Isaiah 15:6 and Jeremiah 48:34) is located at a village called Bennamareim (likely the site of Gomorrah on this map), which he also says is north of Zoar. Thus, if Eusebius is correct, Zoar is clearly located in the southern area of the Dead Sea, which fits very well with the location shown on this map. Also, Lot’s relocation to Sodom after moving east to the plain of the Jordan suggests that Sodom was located on the east side of the Dead Sea.
The famous cities of Sodom and Gomorrah are first mentioned in Genesis 10:19 in a description of the territory of the Canaanites. The cities are mentioned again in chapter 13, which notes that while Abraham (then called Abram) was living near Bethel (also called Luz), tension began to grow between Abraham’s herders and the herders working for Abraham’s nephew Lot. To resolve the problem, Abraham suggested that he and Lot permanently part ways, and he offered Lot first choice of where to live. Lot chose to move east to the plain of the Jordan, because the land was well watered, and he eventually settled in the city of Sodom. Genesis 14 then describes how Lot was captured by four Mesopotamian kings as they attacked the cities of the plain, but Abraham rescued Lot. Sometime after this Abraham moved to the oaks of Mamre, near Hebron, and three visitors (one of whom is later called “the Lord,” and the other two “angels”) approached his tent. Abraham invited them to share a meal with him and then later accompanied them for the first part of their journey. Along the way the visitors revealed to Abraham that they were going to Sodom to destroy it for its wickedness. Abraham appealed to the Lord to spare the city if even a few righteous lived there, and the Lord agreed and went his way. The two angels arrived at Sodom in the evening (Genesis 19:1), presumably the same day they left, although perhaps they actually took more than one day to travel to Sodom, because the distance from Mamre to Sodom is over 35 miles (56 km), and Scripture does not specifically note that it was the same day. The events that followed that evening are well known, and in the morning the angels compelled Lot and his family to flee the city before it was destroyed. The angels instructed them to flee to the hills, but Lot convinced them to allow him to take refuge in a small village on the plain and not destroy it. Genesis 19:23 seems to suggest that it took Lot’s family a full day and night to reach Zoar, which fits well with the 16 mile (25 km) distance from Sodom to Zoar. As they were reaching Zoar, the Lord rained down fire and burning sulfur on Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah, and Zeboiim, completely destroying them. As Lot’s family was still fleeing, Lot’s wife looked back and turned into a pillar of salt. That same morning Abraham got up and went to where he had last spoken with the visitors, and when he looked out across the plain he saw columns of smoke rising from the destroyed cities. Later Lot and his daughters moved into the hills and lived in a cave, because they were afraid to remain in Zoar. Fearing they would never marry, Lot’s daughters both got their father drunk and conceived children by him, though he was unaware of it. These children became ancestors of the Moabites and the Ammonites.
