OET interlinear ISA 30:28

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / simile

וְ⁠רוּח֞⁠וֹ כְּ⁠נַ֤חַל שׁוֹטֵף֙

and,breath_of,his [is]_like,a_torrent overflowing

The point of this comparison is that just as an overflowing torrent sweeps away everything before it, so Yahweh’s breath will overwhelm the nations. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this point explicitly. Alternate translation: [And his breath sweeps over them like an overflowing torrent]

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

לַ⁠הֲנָפָ֥ה גוֹיִ֖ם בְּ⁠נָ֣פַת שָׁ֑וְא

for,shaking nations in,a_sieve_of destruction

Isaiah is speaking of Yahweh’s judgment on the nations as if he were sifting them in the sieve of destruction, separating out what is worthless. Your language may have a comparable expression that you can use in your translation, or you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [to judge the nations, separating out those he will destroy]

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / abstractnouns

שָׁ֑וְא

destruction

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of destruction, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: [those he destroys]

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

וְ⁠רֶ֣סֶן מַתְעֶ֔ה עַ֖ל לְחָיֵ֥י עַמִּֽים

and,a_halter leads_~_astray on/upon/above/on_account_of//he/it_went_in jaws_of peoples

Isaiah is speaking of Yahweh’s control over the nations as if he were putting a bridle on the jaws of animals to lead them. Your language may have a comparable expression that you can use in your translation, or you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [and he will lead the peoples astray as if with a bridle on their jaws]