ISA 48:4 Parallel Verse View

Note: This view shows ‘verses’ which are not natural language units and hence sometimes only part of a sentence will be visible—click on any Bible version abbreviation down the left-hand side to see the verse in more of its context. Normally the OET discourages the reading of individual ‘verses’, but this view is only designed as a tool for Bible-translators and others doing comparisons of different translations—the older translations are further down the page (so you can read up from the bottom to trace the English translation history). The OET segments on this page are still early looks into the drafted texts of the Open English Translation of the Bible—please double-check these texts in advance before using in public.

Text critical issues=none Clarity of original=clear Importance to us=normal (All still tentative.)

Key: khaki:verbs.
Note: Automatic aligning of the OET-RV to the LV is done by some temporary software, hence the OET-RV alignments are incomplete (and may occasionally be wrong).

BrLXX Γινώσκω ὅτι σκληρὸς εἶ, καὶ νεῦρον σιδηροῦν ὁ τράχηλός σου, καὶ τὸ μέτωπόν σου χαλκοῦν.
(Ginōskō hoti sklaʸros ei, kai neuron sidaʸroun ho traⱪaʸlos sou, kai to metōpon sou ⱪalkoun.)

BrTr I know that thou art stubborn, and thy neck is an iron sinew, and thy forehead brazen.

ULT Because I knew that you are hard,
⇔ and your neck is a sinew of iron,
⇔ and your forehead is bronze,

UST I did this because I knew that you are stubborn.
⇔ You refuse to change what you think or what you do.

BSB For I knew that you are stubborn;
⇔ your neck is iron and your forehead [is] bronze.

MSB (Same as BSB above)

OEB No OEB ISA book available

WEBBE Because I knew that you are obstinate,
⇔ and your neck is an iron sinew,
⇔ and your brow bronze;

WMBB (Same as above)

NET I did this because I know how stubborn you are.
⇔ Your neck muscles are like iron
⇔ and your forehead like bronze.

LSV From My knowing that you are obstinate,
And your neck—a sinew of iron,
And your forehead—bronze,

FBV I know how stubborn you are, with necks as unbending as iron and foreheads as hard as bronze.

T4T I knew that you people are very stubborn;
⇔ I knew that your heads are [MET] as hard as iron or brass [DOU].

LEB • because I know[fn] that you are obstinate,
• and your neck an iron sinew,
• and your forehead bronze.

48:? Literally “knowing me”

BBE Because I saw that your heart was hard, and that your neck was an iron cord, and your brow brass;

Moff No Moff ISA book available

JPS Because I knew that thou art obstinate, and thy neck is an iron sinew, and thy brow brass;

ASV Because I knew that thou art obstinate, and thy neck is an iron sinew, and thy brow brass;

DRA For I knew that thou art stubborn, and thy neck is as an iron sinew, and thy forehead as brass.

YLT From my knowing that thou art obstinate, And a sinew of iron thy neck, And thy forehead brass,

Drby Because I knew that thou art obstinate, and thy neck is an iron sinew, and thy brow brass,

RV Because I knew that thou art obstinate, and thy neck is an iron sinew, and thy brow brass;
(Because I knew that thou/you art obstinate, and thy/your neck is an iron sinew, and thy/your brow brass;)

SLT From my knowledge that thou wert hard, and thy neck an iron sinew, and thy forehead of brass:

Wbstr Because I knew that thou art obstinate, and thy neck is an iron sinew, and thy brow brass;

KJB-1769 Because I knew that thou art obstinate, and thy neck is an iron sinew, and thy brow brass;[fn]
(Because I knew that thou/you art obstinate, and thy/your neck is an iron sinew, and thy/your brow brass;)

48.4 obstinate: Heb. hard

KJB-1611 [fn]Because I knew that thou art obstinate, and thy necke is an yron sinew, and thy brow brasse:
(Modernised spelling is same as from KJB-1769 above, apart from punctuation and footnotes)

48:4 Heb. hard.

Bshps Howbeit I knowe that thou art obstinate, and that thy necke hath an iron sinowe, and that thy browe is of brasse.
(Howbeit I know that thou/you art obstinate, and that thy/your neck hath/has an iron sinew, and that thy/your browe is of brass.)

Gnva Because I knewe, that thou art obstinate, and thy necke is an yron sinew, and thy brow brasse,
(Modernised spelling is same as from KJB-1769 above, apart from marking of added words (and possibly capitalisation and punctuation))

Cvdl Howbeit I knewe that thou art obstinate, and that thy neck hath an yron vane, and that thy brow is of brasse.
(Howbeit I knew that thou/you art obstinate, and that thy/your neck hath/has an iron vane, and that thy/your brow is of brass.)

Wycl For Y wiste that thou art hard, and thi nol is a senewe of irun, and thi forhed is of bras.
(For I knew that thou/you art hard, and thy/your nol is a senewe of iron, and thy/your forhed is of bras.)

Luth Denn ich weiß, daß du hart bist; und dein Nacken ist eine eiserne Ader, und deine Stirn ist ehern.
(Because I white, that you(sg) hard are; and your(s) Nacken is a/one iron Ader, and your forehead is bronze.)

ClVg Scivi enim quia durus es tu, et nervus ferreus cervix tua, et frons tua ærea.[fn]
(Scivi because because durus you_are you(sg), and nervus iron neck your, and frons your copper/bronze.)

48.4 Nervus ferreus. Hinc Stephanus: dura cervice et incircumcisi cordibus Act. 17.. Frons tua ærea: unde Ezechiel: Omnis quippe domus Isræl attrita fronte est Ezech. 3., etc. Et Jeremias: Frons mulieris meretricis facta est tibi, noluisti erubescere Jer. 3..

48.4 Nerve iron. Hence Stephanus: hard neck and uncircumcised hearts Act. 17.. Forehead/Front your copper/bronze: from_where/who Ezechiel: Everyone indeed/sure home Israel worn_out forehead it_is Ezech. 3., etc. And Yeremias: Forehead/Front woman's prostitute facts it_is to_you, you_didn't_want_to to_blush Yer. 3..

UTN uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: grammar-connect-logic-result

מִ⁠דַּעְתִּ֕⁠י כִּ֥י קָשֶׁ֖ה אָ֑תָּה וְ⁠גִ֤יד בַּרְזֶל֙ עָרְפֶּ֔⁠ךָ וּ⁠מִצְחֲ⁠ךָ֖ נְחוּשָֽׁה

because,knew,I that/for/because/then/when obstinate you(ms) and_[was],a_tendon_of iron neck_of,your and,forehead_of,your bronze

The word translated as Because indicates that what follows is a reason for what comes after it. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what comes after it. Alternate translation: [The reason for this is that I knew that you are hard, and your neck is a sinew of iron, and your forehead is bronze]

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / you

קָשֶׁ֖ה אָ֑תָּה

obstinate you(ms)

The word you is singular here, even though Yahweh is addressing the whole nation of Israel. If your language distinguishes singular and plural forms of “you,” use whichever form is natural for addressing a group as a single person.

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

וְ⁠גִ֤יד בַּרְזֶל֙ עָרְפֶּ֔⁠ךָ

and_[was],a_tendon_of iron neck_of,your

Here Yahweh is speaking as if the people’s neck were a sinew of iron, that is, something that cannot be bent. He means that the people stubbornly refuse to obey him. Your language may have a comparable expression that you can use in your translation, or you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [and your neck is stiff and unbendable]

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

וּ⁠מִצְחֲ⁠ךָ֖ נְחוּשָֽׁה

and,forehead_of,your bronze

Here Yahweh is speaking as if the people’s forehead were bronze, that is, hard and unyielding. He means that the people stubbornly refuse to change. Your language may have a comparable expression that you can use in your translation, or you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [and your forehead is hard and unyielding]

Parallel ISA 48:4