OET interlinear PSA 27:12

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: grammar-connect-logic-result

אַֽל־תִּ֭תְּנֵ⁠נִי בְּ⁠נֶ֣פֶשׁ צָרָ֑⁠י כִּ֥י קָֽמוּ־בִ֥⁠י עֵֽדֵי־שֶׁ֝֗קֶר וִ⁠יפֵ֥חַ חָמָֽס

not (Some words not found in UHB: not give,me in,the_desire_of my_foes_of,my that/for/because/then/when risen on,me witnesses_of false and,a_witness_of violence/cruelty )

David is giving the reason why God should not give him up to his enemies. If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the second and third phrases give the reasons for the result that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: [Because false witnesses have risen against me, and a witness of violence, do not give me up to the desire of my adversaries]

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / imperative

אַֽל־תִּ֭תְּנֵ⁠נִי

not (Some words not found in UHB: not give,me in,the_desire_of my_foes_of,my that/for/because/then/when risen on,me witnesses_of false and,a_witness_of violence/cruelty )

This is an imperative, but it communicates a polite request rather than a command. David is asking God not to hand him over to his enemies. If the imperative does not communicate a polite request for your readers, then use a form in your language that communicates a polite request. It may be helpful to add an expression such as “please” to make this clear. Alternate translation: [Please do not give me up]

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / idiom

אַֽל־תִּ֭תְּנֵ⁠נִי בְּ⁠נֶ֣פֶשׁ צָרָ֑⁠י

not (Some words not found in UHB: not give,me in,the_desire_of my_foes_of,my that/for/because/then/when risen on,me witnesses_of false and,a_witness_of violence/cruelty )

David is using give me up to the desire of as a common expression of his culture to mean “deliver me over to” or “hand me over to.” If this phrase does not have that meaning for your readers, you could use a comparable expression from your language that does have that meaning, or you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [Do not deliver me over to the desire of my adversaries]

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

אַֽל־תִּ֭תְּנֵ⁠נִי בְּ⁠נֶ֣פֶשׁ צָרָ֑⁠י

not (Some words not found in UHB: not give,me in,the_desire_of my_foes_of,my that/for/because/then/when risen on,me witnesses_of false and,a_witness_of violence/cruelty )

David assumes that readers will know that the desire of my adversaries refers to the harmful things that his enemies want to do to him. You could say that explicitly if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: [Do not deliver me over to my adversaries so that they can do the harmful things they desire to do to me]

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / idiom

קָֽמוּ־בִ֥⁠י

risen on,me

David is using have risen against me as a common expression of his culture to mean “have taken action to oppose me.” If this phrase does not have that meaning for your readers, you could use a comparable expression from your language that does have that meaning, or you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [have opposed me]

וִ⁠יפֵ֥חַ חָמָֽס

and,a_witness_of violence/cruelty

The Hebrew word that the ULT translates as a witness of could be either: (1) a noun that means “a testifier” or “a witness.” Alternate translation: [and a testifier of violence] or [and a violent testifier who is violent] or (2) an adjective that means “one breathing out” or “one puffing out.” Alternate translation: [and one who breathes out violence]

Note 6 topic: figures-of-speech / possession

וִ⁠יפֵ֥חַ חָמָֽס

and,a_witness_of violence/cruelty

David is using the possessive form to describe a witness that is characterized by violence. If a speaker of your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could express this idea in another way. Alternate translation: [and a violent witness] or [and a witness who speaks violently]

Note 7 topic: figures-of-speech / abstractnouns

וִ⁠יפֵ֥חַ חָמָֽס

and,a_witness_of violence/cruelty

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of violence, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: [and a witness who plans violent things] or [and a witness who acts violently]