Open English Translation (OET)

Hebrew wordlink #151172

OSHB 2Sa 18:5 הַשָּׂרִים (ha, sārīm) Strongs=d, 8269 Lemmas=‘הַ’, ‘שַׂר’
morpheme glosses=‘the, commanders’
Morphology=Td PoS=definite_article
Morphology=Ncmpa PoS=common_noun Gender=masculine Number=plural State=absolute

Note: These word pages enable you to click through to the Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible (OSHB) that the Open English Translation Old Testament is translated from. The OSHB is based on the Westminster Leningrad Codex (WLC). (We are still searching for a digitized facsimile of the Leningradensis manuscript that we can easily link to. See this list and this archive for now.) This is all part of the commitment of the Open English Translation team to be transparent about all levels of the Bible translation process right back to the original manuscripts.

The word form ‘הַשָּׂרִים’ (Morphology=Td PoS=definite_article
Morphology=Ncmpa PoS=common_noun Gender=masculine Number=plural State=absolute) is always and only glossed as ‘the, commanders’.

The various word forms of the root word (lemma) ‘Lemmas=‘הַ’, ‘שַׂר’’ have 5 different glosses: ‘the,commanders’, ‘the,leaders’, ‘the,officials’, ‘the,princes’, ‘the,ruler’.

Hebrew words (109) other than הַשָּׂרִים (Morphology=Td PoS=definite_article
Morphology=Ncmpa PoS=common_noun Gender=masculine Number=plural State=absolute) with a gloss related to ‘commanders’

Have 109 other words with 10 lemmas altogether (Lemma=‘נָגִיד’, Lemma=‘קָצִין’, Lemma=‘שַׂר’, Lemma=‘חָקַק’, Lemmas=‘לְ’, ‘שַׂר’, Lemmas=‘לְ’, ‘חָקַק’, Lemmas=‘מִ’, ‘שַׂר’, Lemmas=‘וְ’, ‘לְ’, ‘שַׂר’, Lemmas=‘וְ’, ‘שַׂר’, Lemmas=‘וְ’, ‘סָגָן’)

EXO 18:21 וְשָׂרֵי (vəsārēy) Lemmas=‘וְ’, ‘שַׂר’ morpheme glosses=‘and, commanders_of’ OSHB EXO 18:21 word 21

EXO 18:25 וְשָׂרֵי (vəsārēy) Lemmas=‘וְ’, ‘שַׂר’ morpheme glosses=‘and, commanders_of’ OSHB EXO 18:25 word 18

NUM 31:14 שָׂרֵי (sārēy) Lemma=‘שַׂר’ contextual word gloss=‘the_commanders_of’ word gloss=‘commanders_of’ OSHB NUM 31:14 word 6

NUM 31:14 וְשָׂרֵי (vəsārēy) Lemmas=‘וְ’, ‘שַׂר’ morpheme glosses=‘and, commanders_of’ OSHB NUM 31:14 word 8

NUM 31:48 שָׂרֵי (sārēy) Lemma=‘שַׂר’ contextual word gloss=‘the_commanders_of’ word gloss=‘commanders_of’ OSHB NUM 31:48 word 8

NUM 31:48 וְשָׂרֵי (vəsārēy) Lemmas=‘וְ’, ‘שַׂר’ morpheme glosses=‘and, commanders_of’ OSHB NUM 31:48 word 10

NUM 31:52 שָׂרֵי (sārēy) Lemma=‘שַׂר’ contextual word gloss=‘the_commanders_of’ word gloss=‘commanders_of’ OSHB NUM 31:52 word 16

NUM 31:52 שָׂרֵי (sārēy) Lemma=‘שַׂר’ contextual word gloss=‘the_commanders_of’ word gloss=‘commanders_of’ OSHB NUM 31:52 word 19

NUM 31:54 שָׂרֵי (sārēy) Lemma=‘שַׂר’ contextual word gloss=‘the_commanders_of’ word gloss=‘commanders_of’ OSHB NUM 31:54 word 8

DEU 1:15 וְשָׂרֵי (vəsārēy) Lemmas=‘וְ’, ‘שַׂר’ morpheme glosses=‘and, commanders_of’ OSHB DEU 1:15 word 14

DEU 1:15 וְשָׂרֵי (vəsārēy) Lemmas=‘וְ’, ‘שַׂר’ morpheme glosses=‘and, commanders_of’ OSHB DEU 1:15 word 16

DEU 1:15 וְשָׂרֵי (vəsārēy) Lemmas=‘וְ’, ‘שַׂר’ morpheme glosses=‘and, commanders_of’ OSHB DEU 1:15 word 18

DEU 20:9 שָׂרֵי (sārēy) Lemma=‘שַׂר’ contextual word gloss=‘commanders_of’ word gloss=‘commanders_of’ OSHB DEU 20:9 word 8

JOS 10:24 קְצִינֵי (qəʦīnēy) Lemma=‘קָצִין’ contextual word gloss=‘the_commanders_of’ word gloss=‘commanders_of’ OSHB JOS 10:24 word 16

JDG 5:9 לְחוֹקְקֵי (ləḩōqəqēy) Lemmas=‘לְ’, ‘חָקַק’ morpheme glosses=‘to, commanders_of’ OSHB JDG 5:9 word 2

JDG 5:14 מְחֹקְקִים (məḩoqqīm) Lemma=‘חָקַק’ contextual word gloss=‘commanders’ word gloss=‘commanders’ OSHB JDG 5:14 word 11

JDG 7:25 שָׂרֵי (sārēy) Lemma=‘שַׂר’ contextual word gloss=‘the_commanders_of’ word gloss=‘leaders_of’ OSHB JDG 7:25 word 3

JDG 8:3 שָׂרֵי (sārēy) Lemma=‘שַׂר’ contextual word gloss=‘the_commanders_of’ word gloss=‘leaders_of’ OSHB JDG 8:3 word 5

1SA 8:12 שָׂרֵי (sārēy) Lemma=‘שַׂר’ contextual word gloss=‘commanders_of’ word gloss=‘commanders_of’ OSHB 1SA 8:12 word 3

1SA 8:12 וְשָׂרֵי (vəsārēy) Lemmas=‘וְ’, ‘שַׂר’ morpheme glosses=‘and, commanders_of’ OSHB 1SA 8:12 word 5

1SA 18:30 שָׂרֵי (sārēy) Lemma=‘שַׂר’ contextual word gloss=‘the_commanders_of’ word gloss=‘commanders_of’ OSHB 1SA 18:30 word 2

1SA 22:7 שָׂרֵי (sārēy) Lemma=‘שַׂר’ contextual word gloss=‘commanders_of’ word gloss=‘commanders_of’ OSHB 1SA 22:7 word 19

1SA 22:7 וְשָׂרֵי (vəsārēy) Lemmas=‘וְ’, ‘שַׂר’ morpheme glosses=‘and, commanders_of’ OSHB 1SA 22:7 word 21

1SA 29:3 שָׂרֵי (sārēy) Lemma=‘שַׂר’ contextual word gloss=‘the_commanders_of’ word gloss=‘commanders_of’ OSHB 1SA 29:3 word 2

1SA 29:3 שָׂרֵי (sārēy) Lemma=‘שַׂר’ contextual word gloss=‘the_commanders_of’ word gloss=‘commanders_of’ OSHB 1SA 29:3 word 10

1SA 29:4 שָׂרֵי (sārēy) Lemma=‘שַׂר’ contextual word gloss=‘the_commanders_of’ word gloss=‘commanders_of’ OSHB 1SA 29:4 word 3

1SA 29:4 שָׂרֵי (sārēy) Lemma=‘שַׂר’ contextual word gloss=‘the_commanders_of’ word gloss=‘commanders_of’ OSHB 1SA 29:4 word 7

1SA 29:9 שָׂרֵי (sārēy) Lemma=‘שַׂר’ contextual word gloss=‘the_commanders_of’ word gloss=‘commanders_of’ OSHB 1SA 29:9 word 14

2SA 4:2 שָׂרֵי (sārēy) Lemma=‘שַׂר’ contextual word gloss=‘commanders_of’ word gloss=‘leaders_of’ OSHB 2SA 4:2 word 3

2SA 18:1 שָׂרֵי (sārēy) Lemma=‘שַׂר’ contextual word gloss=‘commanders_of’ word gloss=‘commanders_of’ OSHB 2SA 18:1 word 9

2SA 18:1 וְשָׂרֵי (vəsārēy) Lemmas=‘וְ’, ‘שַׂר’ morpheme glosses=‘and, commanders_of’ OSHB 2SA 18:1 word 11

2SA 19:7 שָׂרִים (sārīm) Lemma=‘שַׂר’ contextual word gloss=‘commanders’ word gloss=‘commanders’ OSHB 2SA 19:7 word 13

2SA 24:4 שָׂרֵי (sārēy) Lemma=‘שַׂר’ contextual word gloss=‘the_commanders_of’ word gloss=‘commanders_of’ OSHB 2SA 24:4 word 7

2SA 24:4 וְשָׂרֵי (vəsārēy) Lemmas=‘וְ’, ‘שַׂר’ morpheme glosses=‘and, commanders_of’ OSHB 2SA 24:4 word 11

1KI 1:25 וּלְשָׂרֵי (ūləsārēy) Lemmas=‘וְ’, ‘לְ’, ‘שַׂר’ morpheme glosses=‘and, to, commanders_of’ OSHB 1KI 1:25 word 13

1KI 2:5 שָׂרֵי (sārēy) Lemma=‘שַׂר’ contextual word gloss=‘the_commanders_of’ word gloss=‘commanders_of’ OSHB 1KI 2:5 word 14

1KI 9:22 וְשָׂרָיו (vəsārāyv) Lemmas=‘וְ’, ‘שַׂר’ morpheme glosses=‘and, commanders_of, his’ OSHB 1KI 9:22 word 12

1KI 9:22 וְשָׂרֵי (vəsārēy) Lemmas=‘וְ’, ‘שַׂר’ morpheme glosses=‘and, commanders_of’ OSHB 1KI 9:22 word 14

1KI 14:27 שָׂרֵי (sārēy) Lemma=‘שַׂר’ contextual word gloss=‘of_the_commanders_of’ word gloss=‘commanders_of’ OSHB 1KI 14:27 word 10

1KI 15:20 שָׂרֵי (sārēy) Lemma=‘שַׂר’ contextual word gloss=‘the_commanders_of’ word gloss=‘commanders_of’ OSHB 1KI 15:20 word 9

1KI 22:31 שָׂרֵי (sārēy) Lemma=‘שַׂר’ contextual word gloss=‘the_commanders_of’ word gloss=‘commanders_of’ OSHB 1KI 22:31 word 5

1KI 22:32 שָׂרֵי (sārēy) Lemma=‘שַׂר’ contextual word gloss=‘the_commanders_of’ word gloss=‘commanders_of’ OSHB 1KI 22:32 word 3

1KI 22:33 שָׂרֵי (sārēy) Lemma=‘שַׂר’ contextual word gloss=‘the_commanders_of’ word gloss=‘commanders_of’ OSHB 1KI 22:33 word 3

2KI 1:14 שָׂרֵי (sārēy) Lemma=‘שַׂר’ contextual word gloss=‘the_commanders_of’ word gloss=‘captains_of’ OSHB 2KI 1:14 word 9

2KI 8:21 שָׂרֵי (sārēy) Lemma=‘שַׂר’ contextual word gloss=‘the_commanders_of’ word gloss=‘commanders_of’ OSHB 2KI 8:21 word 17

2KI 9:5 שָׂרֵי (sārēy) Lemma=‘שַׂר’ contextual word gloss=‘the_commanders_of’ word gloss=‘commanders_of’ OSHB 2KI 9:5 word 3

2KI 11:4 שָׂרֵי (sārēy) Lemma=‘שַׂר’ contextual word gloss=‘the_commanders_of’ word gloss=‘commanders_of’ OSHB 2KI 11:4 word 7

2KI 11:9 שָׂרֵי (sārēy) Lemma=‘שַׂר’ contextual word gloss=‘the_commanders_of’ word gloss=‘commanders_of’ OSHB 2KI 11:9 word 2

2KI 11:10 לְשָׂרֵי (ləsārēy) Lemmas=‘לְ’, ‘שַׂר’ morpheme glosses=‘to, commanders_of’ OSHB 2KI 11:10 word 3

2KI 11:15 שָׂרֵי (sārēy) Lemma=‘שַׂר’ contextual word gloss=‘the_commanders_of’ word gloss=‘commanders_of’ OSHB 2KI 11:15 word 5

2KI 11:19 שָׂרֵי (sārēy) Lemma=‘שַׂר’ contextual word gloss=‘the_commanders_of’ word gloss=‘commanders_of’ OSHB 2KI 11:19 word 3

2KI 24:12 וְשָׂרָיו (vəsārāyv) Lemmas=‘וְ’, ‘שַׂר’ morpheme glosses=‘and, commanders_of, his’ OSHB 2KI 24:12 word 11

2KI 25:23 שָׂרֵי (sārēy) Lemma=‘שַׂר’ contextual word gloss=‘the_commanders_of’ word gloss=‘commanders_of’ OSHB 2KI 25:23 word 3

1CH 12:22 שָׂרִים (sārīm) Lemma=‘שַׂר’ contextual word gloss=‘commanders’ word gloss=‘commanders’ OSHB 1CH 12:22 word 12

1CH 12:29 שָׂרִים (sārīm) Lemma=‘שַׂר’ contextual word gloss=‘commanders’ word gloss=‘commanders’ OSHB 1CH 12:29 word 7

1CH 12:35 שָׂרִים (sārīm) Lemma=‘שַׂר’ contextual word gloss=‘commanders’ word gloss=‘commanders’ OSHB 1CH 12:35 word 2

1CH 13:1 שָׂרֵי (sārēy) Lemma=‘שַׂר’ contextual word gloss=‘the_commanders_of’ word gloss=‘commanders_of’ OSHB 1CH 13:1 word 4

1CH 15:25 וְשָׂרֵי (vəsārēy) Lemmas=‘וְ’, ‘שַׂר’ morpheme glosses=‘and, commanders_of’ OSHB 1CH 15:25 word 5

1CH 25:1 וְשָׂרֵי (vəsārēy) Lemmas=‘וְ’, ‘שַׂר’ morpheme glosses=‘and, commanders_of’ OSHB 1CH 25:1 word 3

1CH 26:26 לְשָׂרֵי (ləsārēy) Lemmas=‘לְ’, ‘שַׂר’ morpheme glosses=‘to, commanders_of’ OSHB 1CH 26:26 word 14

1CH 26:26 וְשָׂרֵי (vəsārēy) Lemmas=‘וְ’, ‘שַׂר’ morpheme glosses=‘and, commanders_of’ OSHB 1CH 26:26 word 17

1CH 27:1 וְשָׂרֵי (vəsārēy) Lemmas=‘וְ’, ‘שַׂר’ morpheme glosses=‘and, commanders_of’ OSHB 1CH 27:1 word 6

1CH 27:3 שָׂרֵי (sārēy) Lemma=‘שַׂר’ contextual word gloss=‘the_commanders_of’ word gloss=‘commanders_of’ OSHB 1CH 27:3 word 6

1CH 27:22 שָׂרֵי (sārēy) Lemma=‘שַׂר’ contextual word gloss=‘[were]_the_commanders_of’ word gloss=‘leaders_of’ OSHB 1CH 27:22 word 6

1CH 28:1 וְשָׂרֵי (vəsārēy) Lemmas=‘וְ’, ‘שַׂר’ morpheme glosses=‘and, commanders_of’ OSHB 1CH 28:1 word 9

1CH 28:1 וְשָׂרֵי (vəsārēy) Lemmas=‘וְ’, ‘שַׂר’ morpheme glosses=‘and, commanders_of’ OSHB 1CH 28:1 word 14

1CH 28:1 וְשָׂרֵי (vəsārēy) Lemmas=‘וְ’, ‘שַׂר’ morpheme glosses=‘and, commanders_of’ OSHB 1CH 28:1 word 16

1CH 29:6 וְשָׂרֵי (vəsārēy) Lemmas=‘וְ’, ‘שַׂר’ morpheme glosses=‘and, commanders_of’ OSHB 1CH 29:6 word 7

2CH 1:2 לְשָׂרֵי (ləsārēy) Lemmas=‘לְ’, ‘שַׂר’ morpheme glosses=‘to, commanders_of’ OSHB 2CH 1:2 word 5

2CH 8:9 וְשָׂרֵי (vəsārēy) Lemmas=‘וְ’, ‘שַׂר’ morpheme glosses=‘and, commanders_of’ OSHB 2CH 8:9 word 14

2CH 8:9 וְשָׂרֵי (vəsārēy) Lemmas=‘וְ’, ‘שַׂר’ morpheme glosses=‘and, commanders_of’ OSHB 2CH 8:9 word 16

2CH 11:11 נְגִידִים (nəgīdīm) Lemma=‘נָגִיד’ contextual word gloss=‘commanders’ word gloss=‘commanders’ OSHB 2CH 11:11 word 6

2CH 12:10 שָׂרֵי (sārēy) Lemma=‘שַׂר’ contextual word gloss=‘of_the_commanders_of’ word gloss=‘commanders_of’ OSHB 2CH 12:10 word 10

2CH 16:4 שָׂרֵי (sārēy) Lemma=‘שַׂר’ contextual word gloss=‘the_commanders_of’ word gloss=‘commanders_of’ OSHB 2CH 16:4 word 9

2CH 17:14 שָׂרֵי (sārēy) Lemma=‘שַׂר’ contextual word gloss=‘commanders_of’ word gloss=‘commanders_of’ OSHB 2CH 17:14 word 6

2CH 18:30 שָׂרֵי (sārēy) Lemma=‘שַׂר’ contextual word gloss=‘the_commanders_of’ word gloss=‘commanders_of’ OSHB 2CH 18:30 word 5

2CH 18:31 שָׂרֵי (sārēy) Lemma=‘שַׂר’ contextual word gloss=‘the_commanders_of’ word gloss=‘commanders_of’ OSHB 2CH 18:31 word 3

2CH 18:32 שָׂרֵי (sārēy) Lemma=‘שַׂר’ contextual word gloss=‘the_commanders_of’ word gloss=‘commanders_of’ OSHB 2CH 18:32 word 3

2CH 21:9 שָׂרָיו (sārāyv) Lemma=‘שַׂר’ morpheme glosses=‘commanders_of, his’ OSHB 2CH 21:9 word 4

2CH 21:9 שָׂרֵי (sārēy) Lemma=‘שַׂר’ contextual word gloss=‘the_commanders_of’ word gloss=‘commanders_of’ OSHB 2CH 21:9 word 17

2CH 23:1 שָׂרֵי (sārēy) Lemma=‘שַׂר’ contextual word gloss=‘the_commanders_of’ word gloss=‘commanders_of’ OSHB 2CH 23:1 word 7

2CH 23:9 לְשָׂרֵי (ləsārēy) Lemmas=‘לְ’, ‘שַׂר’ morpheme glosses=‘to, commanders_of’ OSHB 2CH 23:9 word 4

2CH 23:14 שָׂרֵי (sārēy) Lemma=‘שַׂר’ contextual word gloss=‘the_commanders_of’ word gloss=‘commanders_of’ OSHB 2CH 23:14 word 5

2CH 23:20 שָׂרֵי (sārēy) Lemma=‘שַׂר’ contextual word gloss=‘the_commanders_of’ word gloss=‘commanders_of’ OSHB 2CH 23:20 word 3

2CH 25:5 לְשָׂרֵי (ləsārēy) Lemmas=‘לְ’, ‘שַׂר’ morpheme glosses=‘under, commanders_of’ OSHB 2CH 25:5 word 8

2CH 25:5 וּלְשָׂרֵי (ūləsārēy) Lemmas=‘וְ’, ‘לְ’, ‘שַׂר’ morpheme glosses=‘and, of, commanders_of’ OSHB 2CH 25:5 word 10

2CH 26:11 מִשָּׂרֵי (missārēy) Lemmas=‘מִ’, ‘שַׂר’ morpheme glosses=‘of, commanders_of’ OSHB 2CH 26:11 word 19

2CH 32:6 שָׂרֵי (sārēy) Lemma=‘שַׂר’ contextual word gloss=‘commanders_of’ word gloss=‘commanders_of’ OSHB 2CH 32:6 word 2

2CH 33:11 שָׂרֵי (sārēy) Lemma=‘שַׂר’ contextual word gloss=‘the_commanders_of’ word gloss=‘commanders_of’ OSHB 2CH 33:11 word 5

2CH 33:14 שָׂרֵי (sārēy) Lemma=‘שַׂר’ contextual word gloss=‘commanders_of’ word gloss=‘commanders_of’ OSHB 2CH 33:14 word 19

NEH 2:9 שָׂרֵי (sārēy) Lemma=‘שַׂר’ contextual word gloss=‘commanders_of’ word gloss=‘officers_of’ OSHB NEH 2:9 word 14

JOB 39:25 שָׂרִים (sārīm) Lemma=‘שַׂר’ contextual word gloss=‘commanders’ word gloss=‘captains’ OSHB JOB 39:25 word 9

ISA 10:8 שָׂרַי (sāray) Lemma=‘שַׂר’ morpheme glosses=‘commanders_of, my’ OSHB ISA 10:8 word 4

JER 38:17 שָׂרֵי (sārēy) Lemma=‘שַׂר’ contextual word gloss=‘the_commanders_of’ word gloss=‘officials_of’ OSHB JER 38:17 word 16

JER 38:18 שָׂרֵי (sārēy) Lemma=‘שַׂר’ contextual word gloss=‘the_commanders_of’ word gloss=‘officials_of’ OSHB JER 38:18 word 5

JER 38:22 שָׂרֵי (sārēy) Lemma=‘שַׂר’ contextual word gloss=‘the_commanders_of’ word gloss=‘officials_of’ OSHB JER 38:22 word 11

JER 40:7 שָׂרֵי (sārēy) Lemma=‘שַׂר’ contextual word gloss=‘the_commanders_of’ word gloss=‘commanders_of’ OSHB JER 40:7 word 3

JER 40:13 שָׂרֵי (sārēy) Lemma=‘שַׂר’ contextual word gloss=‘the_commanders_of’ word gloss=‘commanders_of’ OSHB JER 40:13 word 5

JER 41:11 שָׂרֵי (sārēy) Lemma=‘שַׂר’ contextual word gloss=‘the_commanders_of’ word gloss=‘commanders_of’ OSHB JER 41:11 word 6

JER 41:13 שָׂרֵי (sārēy) Lemma=‘שַׂר’ contextual word gloss=‘the_commanders_of’ word gloss=‘commanders_of’ OSHB JER 41:13 word 14

JER 41:16 שָׂרֵי (sārēy) Lemma=‘שַׂר’ contextual word gloss=‘the_commanders_of’ word gloss=‘commanders_of’ OSHB JER 41:16 word 6

JER 42:1 שָׂרֵי (sārēy) Lemma=‘שַׂר’ contextual word gloss=‘the_commanders_of’ word gloss=‘commanders_of’ OSHB JER 42:1 word 3

JER 42:8 שָׂרֵי (sārēy) Lemma=‘שַׂר’ contextual word gloss=‘the_commanders_of’ word gloss=‘commanders_of’ OSHB JER 42:8 word 8

JER 43:4 שָׂרֵי (sārēy) Lemma=‘שַׂר’ contextual word gloss=‘the_commanders_of’ word gloss=‘commanders_of’ OSHB JER 43:4 word 7

JER 43:5 שָׂרֵי (sārēy) Lemma=‘שַׂר’ contextual word gloss=‘the_commanders_of’ word gloss=‘commanders_of’ OSHB JER 43:5 word 6

EZE 23:6 וּסְגָנִים (ūşəgānīm) Lemmas=‘וְ’, ‘סָגָן’ morpheme glosses=‘and, commanders’ OSHB EZE 23:6 word 4

EZE 23:12 וּסְגָנִים (ūşəgānīm) Lemmas=‘וְ’, ‘סָגָן’ morpheme glosses=‘and, commanders’ OSHB EZE 23:12 word 6

EZE 23:23 וּסְגָנִים (ūşəgānīm) Lemmas=‘וְ’, ‘סָגָן’ morpheme glosses=‘and, commanders’ OSHB EZE 23:23 word 15

DAN 11:5 שָׂרָיו (sārāyv) Lemma=‘שַׂר’ morpheme glosses=‘commanders_of, his’ OSHB DAN 11:5 word 5

Open English Translation (OET)

Hebrew wordlink #151172

Hebrew words (109) other than הַשָּׂרִים (Morphology=Td PoS=definite_article Morphology=Ncmpa PoS=common_noun Gender=masculine Number=plural State=absolute) with a gloss related to ‘commanders’

Hebrew words (109) other than הַשָּׂרִים (Morphology=Td PoS=definite_article
Morphology=Ncmpa PoS=common_noun Gender=masculine Number=plural State=absolute) with a gloss related to ‘commanders’