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Open English Translation MIC

This is still a very early look into the unfinished text of the Open English Translation of the Bible. Please double-check the text in advance before using in public.

Readers’ Version

Literal Version

MIC - Open English Translation—Readers’ Version (OET-RV) v0.1.52

ESFM v0.6 MIC

WORDTABLE OET-LV_OT_word_table.tsv

Micah

(Heb. Mikah)

Mic

ESFM v0.6 MIC

WORDTABLE OET-LV_OT_word_table.tsv

The parsed Hebrew text used to create this file is Copyright © 2019 by https://hb.
openscriptures.org

Our English glosses are released CC0 by https://Freely-Given.org

ESFM file created 2026-03-26 16:06 by extract_glossed_OSHB_OT_to_ESFM v0.64

USFM file edited by ScriptedBibleEditor v0.35

Mīkāh

Introduction

The prophets Micah (Heb. Mikah) and Yesha’yah (Isaiah) lived at the same time—Micah came from a town in the southern kingdom of Yehudah. God revealed to Micah the coming destruction to Yehudah that had been prophesied by the prophet Amos concerning the northern kingdom. Yahweh would punish the people due to their disobedient actions and due to his anger over their biased court decisions, but the account of prophet Micah also talks about a hopeful future.

Now there are famous prophecies included in this document : Yahweh’s announcement about ruling the entire world and bringing of peace/prosperity (4:1-4), the prophesying concerning the coming king from David’s descendants bringing of peace/prosperity (5:2-5a); and the vital command taught by prophet Micah there to Israel: “[Yahweh] has told humanity what is good, and what [he] requires from you: Act justly, love kindness, and walk humbly with your god.” (6:8)

Main components of this document

The punishment of Yisrael and Yehudah 1:1-3:12

The arrival of promised teacher of Yisrael bringing good living 4:1-5:15

The warning and telling of hopefulness 6:1-7:20

This is still a very early look into the unfinished text of the Open English Translation of the Bible. Please double-check the text in advance before using in public.

1This is Yahweh’s message that came to Micah (from Moreshet) in the days of Yehudah’s (Judah’s) kings Yotam (Jotham), Ahaz, and Hizkiyah (Hezekiah), that he saw concerning Shomron (Samaria) and Yerushalem (Jerusalem).[ref]

2Listen, all you peoples.

≈ Let the world and everything in it pay attention.

Let my master Yahweh be against you as a witness,

my master from his sacred temple

3because wow, Yahweh comes out of his place.

He will come down and tread on the high places[fn] of the earth.

4The mountains will melt under him.

≈ The valleys will break apart,

like wax that’s near a fire,

≈ like waters that are poured out from a steep place.


5All that is because of Yakob’s (Jacob’s) disobedience,

and because of the sins of the Israeli people.

What was Yakob’s transgression? Isn’t it Shomron?

What is Yehudah’s (Judah’s) high place? Isn’t it Yerushalem?

6“I will make Shomron a heap of ruins in the countryside

≈ a place for planting vineyards.

Then I’ll pour the stones from her buildings down into the valley

≈ and I’ll uncover her foundations.

7All her carved statues will be smashed into pieces,

and all her wages will be burnt.

Yes, I’ll totally destroy all her idols.

Since she used prostitutes’ wages to pay for them,

≈ the crushed pieces of idols will become prostitutes’ wages again.”

8Because of that, I’ll mourn and wail.

I’ll go barefoot and undressed.

I’ll wail like the jackals

≈ and mourn like owls

9because her wound is incurable.

Yes, it’s come to Yehudah.

≈ It’s reached the gate of my peoplereached Jerusalem.

10Don’t tell about it in Gat.

Don’t weep at all.

I roll myself in the dust at Beyt-Leafrah (the house of dust).

11Pass by undressed and humiliated, inhabitants of Shafir.

≈ Don’t come out, inhabitants of Tsa’anan.

Beyt-Haetsel mourns—its place to stand is taken from you

12because the inhabitants of Marot wait anxiously for good,

because disaster has come down from Yahweh to Yerushalem’s gates.

13Harness the chariot to the team of horses, inhabitants of Lakish.

She was the beginning of sin for the daughter of Tsiyyon (Zion),

because Yisrael’s transgressions were first found in you.

14So you’ll give parting gifts to Moreshet-Gat.

The town of Akzib will deceive Yisrael’s kings.


15I will again bring a conqueror to you, inhabitants of Mareshah.

Yisrael’s best will come to Adullam.

16Shave your head

≈ and cut off your hair

for the children who you delight in.

Make yourselves as bald as eagles,

because they’ll be taken from you and into exile.

1The_message_of YHWH which it_came to Mīkāh the_Mōrashtiy in_the_days_of Yōtām/(Jotham) ʼĀḩāz Ḩizqiyyāh the_kings_of Yəhūdāh/(Judah) which he_saw on Shomrōn and_Yərūshālam/(Jerusalem).
2Hear Oh_peoples of_them_of_all pay_attention Oh_earth and_what_of_fills_it and_let_it_be my_master YHWH in_you(pl) (into)_a_witness my_master from_the_temple_of his_holiness_of_of.
3If/because here YHWH is_about_to_go_forth from_his_of_place and_he_will_come_down and_he_will_tread on the_high_places_of[fn] the_earth.
4And_they_will_melt the_mountains under_him and_the_valleys they_will_be_cleft like_wax from_face/in_front_of the_fire like_water poured_out on_a_descent.
5is_for_the_transgression_of Yaˊₐqoⱱ/(Jacob) all_of this and_for_the_sins_of the_house_of Yisrāʼēl/(Israel) who is_the_transgression_of Yaˊₐqoⱱ am_not is_it_Shomrōn and_who are_the_high_places_of Yəhūdāh am_not is_it_Yərūshālam/(Jerusalem).
6And_I_will_make Shomrōn into_(the)_heap_of_ruins_of the_field into_planting_place(s)_of a_vineyard and_I_will_pour_down to_valley stones_of_its and_its_of_foundations I_will_uncover.
7And_all images_of_its they_will_be_crushed and_all hire(s)_of_its they_will_be_burnt with_fire and_all idols_of_its I_will_make a_waste if/because from_the_hire_of a_prostitute it_gathered_them and_unto the_hire_of a_prostitute they_will_return.
8On this I_will_lament and_I_will_wail I_will_go barefoot[fn] and_naked I_will_make a_lament like_jackals and_a_mourning like_the_daughters_of an_ostrich.
9If/because is_incurable wounds_of_its if/because it_has_come to Yəhūdāh/(Judah) it_has_reached to the_gate_of my_people_of_of to Yərūshālam/(Jerusalem).
10In_Gath do_not tell at_all_(weep) do_not weep in_house_of leaphrah dust roll_yourself[fn].
11Pass_on to/for_you(pl) Oh_inhabitant[s]_of Shaphir bareness shame not she_came_forth of_Tsaʼₐnān/(Zaanan) the_inhabitant[s]_of the_lament_of Bēyt Ezel it_will_take from_you(pl) ground_of_its_standing.
12If/because she_is_in_anguish for_good the_inhabitant[s]_of Mārōt if/because it_has_come_down calamity from_with YHWH to_the_gate_of Yərūshālam/(Jerusalem).
13Harness the_chariot to_steed[s] Oh_inhabitant[s]_of Lākīsh was_the_beginning_of sin it for_the_daughter_of Tsiyyōn/(Zion) if/because in_you the_transgressions_of they_were_found of_Yisrāʼēl/(Israel).
14For_so/thus/hence you_will_give parting_gifts to Moresheth Gath the_houses_of ʼAkzīⱱ will_become_(into)_a_deceitful_thing to_the_kings_of Yisrāʼēl/(Israel).
15Again the_one_who_dispossesses I_will_bring to/for_you(fs) Oh_inhabitant[s]_of Marʼēshāh to ˊAdullām[fn][fn][fn] the_glory_of he_will_come of_Yisrāʼēl/(Israel).
16Make_bald and_shave on the_children_of your(pl)_delights_of_of make_large baldness_of_your like_eagle if/because they_will_go_into_exile from_you.

2Woe to those who plan to do wicked things—

to those who do evil on their beds.

They do it in the morning light

because they make use of their power.

2They see fields that they’d like and seize them,

≈ and houses and they just take them.

They’ll oppress a man and his household—

≈ even taking property handed down in the family.


3Therefore Yahweh says,

“Listen, I’m planning to bring disaster against this clan,

which you won’t be able to avoid.

You won’t walk so proudly,

because it’ll be a terrible time for you all.

4In that day someone will sing a song against you all.

≈ and mourn with a song of wailing,

and say, ‘We’re completely ruined.

Yahweh changes my people’s territory.

How can he remove the land from me?

He divides our fields up to give to traitors.’ ”


5Therefore, there’ll be no one in Yahweh’s assembly

who’ll have authority to measure you out any more land.


6“Don’t tell us that,”

≈ they tell us!

“They shouldn’t preach those things—

that sort of disgrace will never happen to us.”

7Do Yakob’s descendants really ask,

“Is the Yahweh’s spirit impatient?

≈ Are these his actions?”

Don’t my words do good to anyone who obeys them?


8Lately my people have risen up against me like an enemy.

You strip the rich robe off those who are innocently going past,

like a soldier on the battlefield might have done to his enemy.

9You’ve driven our widows out of their pleasant houses.

≈ You’ve forever deprived their young children of what I’d blessed them with.

10Get ready and leave because this isn’t a place for resting.

≈ It’s about to be completely destroyed because of its disobedience.


11If someone comes to you full of talk and lies and says,

I’ll prophesy to you about enjoying wine and strong drink,”

he’d be considered to be a prophet for this people.

12I will certainly gather all of you, Yakob.

≈ I’ll definitely assemble the remnant of Yisrael.

I’ll bring them together like sheep in a pen—

≈ like a flock in the middle of their pasture.

Noisy because there’ll be so many people.


13Someone will go in front of them to break open the way.

≈ They’ll force open the gate and go out.

Their king will pass on ahead of them.

≈ Yahweh will be at their head.

3Then I said, “Now listen,

you leaders of Yakob (Jacob),

≈ and rulers of the house of Yisra’el (Israel):

Isn’t it your responsibility to understand justice?

2Those who hate good

≈ and love evil,

those who tear their skin off them

≈ and their flesh from their bones,

3those who eat the flesh of my people,

≈ and their skin that they’ve stripped off them,

they break their bones,

≈ and chop them in pieces,

just like soup in a pot—

≈ like meat in a cauldron.

4Then they’ll call out to Yahweh for help,

but he won’t answer them.

≈ He’ll hide himself from them at that time,

because they’ve done evil things.”


5So Yahweh speaks out against the ‘prophets’ who lead his people astray:

“They lie through their teeth and proclaim, ‘Peace.’

They’re fighting against the one who never put a single word into their mouths.

6Therefore, it’ll be night for you prophets, without any visions.

≈ It will be dark for you all, without any prophesying.

The sun will go down on the ‘prophets’,

≈ and the day will be black for them.

7The tellers of the future will be put to shame,

≈ and the diviners will be disgraced.

They will cover their lips, all of them,

≈ because there’ll be no answer from God.”


8But I’m full of power from Yahweh’s spirit,

≈ and full of justice and strength,

to declare to Yakob his disobedience,

≈ and to Yisra’el his sin.

9Now listen to this,

you leaders of the house of Yakob,

≈ and rulers of the house of Yisra’el,

you all who detest justice,

≈ and who take everything that’s right and make it crooked.

10You build Tsiyyon (Zion) with blood

≈ and Yerushalem with evil.

11Her leaders judge for a bribe,

≈ her priests teach for a price,

≈ and her prophets do divination for money.

Yet they claim to depend on Yahweh, and they say,

“Isn’t Yahweh right here with us?

Nothing bad can happen to us.”


12Therefore, because of you all,

≈ Tsiyyon will become a ploughed field,

≈ Yerushalem will become a heap of rubble,

≈ and the temple hill will become covered with scrub.[ref]

4In the last days it’ll come about

that the mountain where Yahweh’s residence is

will become more important than other mountains.

Then it’ll be lifted above the hills,

and peoples will stream to it.

2Many nations will go and say,

“Come, let’s go up to Yahweh’s mountain,

≈ to the house of the Yakob’s god

so that he will teach us his ways,

≈ and we will walk on his paths.”

Because the law will go out from Tsiyyon,

≈ and Yahweh’s message from Yerushalem.


3He’ll judge among many peoples

≈ and will arbitrate for strong countries far away.

They’ll beat their swords into plough blades

≈ and their spears into pruning hooks.

Nations won’t attack other nations,

≈ nor will they train for war any longer.

4Then every person will be able to sit under their grapevine

≈ and under their fig tree.

No one will make them afraid,

because army commander Yahweh has spoken.[ref]


5All various people groups follow their own god,

≈ but we will obey our god Yahweh’s instructions

forever and ever.

6Yahweh declares: “At that time, I’ll gather the lame people

≈ and assemble those who were scattered—those who I’ve done harm to.

7And I will turn those lame people into a growing group,

≈ and those scattered ones into a strong nation,

and Yahweh will reign over them on Mt. Tsiyyon (Zion),

from now and until forever.


8And you, watchtower for the flock,

hill of the daughter of Tsiyyon

to you it will come—your former dominion will arrive—

the kingdom that belongs to the daughter of Yerushalem.

9Now, why do you shout so loudly?

Is it because you don’t have a king?

≈ Is it because your advisor passed away

that pain’s gripping you like that of a woman in labour.

10Be in pain and labour daughter of Tsiyyon,

≈ like a woman giving birth.

For now, you need to go out of the city

≈ and live in the countryside.

Then you’ll go to Babylon and be rescued from there.

≈ There Yahweh will redeem you from your enemies’ control.

11Now many nations have assembled against you.

They say, ‘Let her be overrun.

Let our eyes gloat over Tsiyyon’s fall.’

12But those enemies don’t know Yahweh’s thoughts,

≈ and they don’t understand his plans,

because he’s gathered them up like bundles of grain ready to be broken on the threshing floor.


13Get going and thresh, daughter of Tsiyyon,

because I’ll make your horn into iron,

≈ and I’ll make your hooves into bronze.

And you’ll break many peoples into pieces

and you’ll confiscate their unjust earnings to devote to Yahweh

≈ their wealth will be for the master of the whole world.”

5Now come together in battle ranks, daughter of soldiers.

A siege has been set up against us.

They strike Yisrael’s judge on the cheek with a rod.

2But you, Beyt-Lekem (Bethlehem) Efratah,

even though you’re insignificant among Yehudah’s (Judah’s) clans,

out of you, one will come to me to rule in Yisrael,

whose beginning is from ancient times—

≈ from everlasting.[ref]


3Therefore God will hand them over to their enemies,

until the time when the woman in labour gives birth,

and the rest of his brothers return to the people of Yisrael.

4He’ll stand and shepherd his flock with Yahweh’s strength,

in the majesty of the name of his god Yahweh.

They’ll remain, because then he will be famous to the ends of the earth.

5That one will be our peace.

When the Assyrians come into our land

≈ and when they march against our fortresses,

then we’ll raise seven shepherds against them

≈ and eight leaders of men.

2woe_to those_who_plan_of (of)_wickedness and_those_who_do_of (of)_evil on beds_of_their at_the_light_of the_morning they_do_it if/because (there)_it_is to_the_power_of their_hand_of_of.
2And_they_desire fields and_they_seize_them and_houses and_they_take_them and_they_oppress a_man and_his/its_house(hold) and_a_man and_his_of_inheritance.
3for_so/thus/hence thus YHWH he_says here_I am_planning on the_clan (the)_this calamity which not you(pl)_will_remove from_there necks_of_your(pl) and_not you(pl)_will_walk haughtily if/because will_be_a_time evil it.
4In_the_day (the)_that someone_will_lift_up on_you(pl) a_saying and_he_will_wail a_wailing it_is_finished he_will_say utterly_(devastate) we_are_devastated the_portion_of my_people_of_of he_changes how he_removes_it to_me to_an_apostate fields_of_our he_apportions.
5For_so/thus/hence not he_will_belong to/for_yourself(m) one_who_throws a_measuring-line by_lot in_the_assembly_of YHWH.
6Do_not prophesy they_prophesy not they_will_prophesy of_these_things not ignomini[es] it_will_be_turned_back.
7is_it_said Oh_house_of Yaˊₐqoⱱ/(Jacob) is_it_short the_spirit_of YHWH or are_these deeds_of_his am_not words/messages_of_my do_they_do_good with the_upright_person walking.
8And_yesterday people_of_my to_an_enemy he_raises_up from_in_front_of a_garment a_mantle you(pl)_strip_off from_those_who_pass_by security those_who_turn_back_of war.
9The_women_of my_people_of_of you(pl)_drive_out from_the_house_of her_delights_of_of from_under children_of_her you(pl)_take_away glory_of_my forever.
10Arise and_go if/because not this is_(the)_resting_place in_account_of uncleanness it_will_ruin and_the_ruin will_be_grievous.
11If anyone who_walks_of wind and_falsehood he_told_a_lie I_will_prophesy to/for_yourself(m) of_wine and_of_(the)_drink and_it_was the_prophesier_of the_people (the)_this.
12Surely_(gather) I_will_gather Oh_Yaˊₐqoⱱ of_you_of_all surely_(assemble) I_will_assemble the_remnant_of Yisrāʼēl/(Israel) together I_will_make_it like_sheep a_sheepfold like_a_flock in_the_middle of_(the)_its_of_pasture they_will_be_distraught from_humankind.
13He_will_go_up the_one_who_breaks_through before_them they_will_break_through and_they_have_passed_through the_gate and_they_went_out in_him/it king_of_their and_he/it_passed_through before_them and_YHWH will_be_of_at_their_head.
3and_I_said hear please Oh_leaders_of Yaˊₐqoⱱ/(Jacob) and_Oh_rulers_of the_house_of Yisrāʼēl/(Israel) am_not to/for_you(pl) to_know DOM (the)_justice.
2Oh_you(pl)_who_hate_of (of)_good and_you(pl)_who_love_of (of)_evil[fn] who_tear_away_of skin_of_(of)_their from_on_them and_their_of_flesh from_under bones_of_their.
3And_which they_have_eaten the_flesh_of my_people_of_of and_their_of_skin from_on_them they_have_stripped_off and_DOM bones_of_their they_have_broken_in_pieces and_they_have_chopped_them_up just_as in_pot and_like_meat in_the_middle a_caldron.
4Then they_will_cry_out to YHWH and_not he_will_answer them and_he_will_hide his/its_faces/face from_them at_time (the)_that just_as they_have_made_evil deeds_of_their.
5thus YHWH he_says on the_prophets who_mislead DOM people_of_my who_bite with_their_of_teeth and_ peace _they_proclaim and_which not he_puts on mouth_of_their and_they_consecrate on/upon/above_him/it war.
6For_so/thus/hence night to/for_you(pl) from_vision and_it_will_grow_dark to/for_you(pl) from_divining and_it_will_go the_sun on the_prophets and_it_will_be_dark on_them the_day.
7And_they_will_be_ashamed[fn] the_seers and_they_will_be_abashed those_who_divine and_they_will_cover over a_moustache of_them_of_all if/because there_will_not_be an_answer_of god.
8And_but I I_am_full power with the_spirit_of YHWH and_justice and_might to_announce to_Yaˊₐqoⱱ/(Jacob) transgression_of_its and_to_Yisrāʼēl/(Israel) sin_of_its.
9hear please this Oh_leaders_of the_house_of Yaˊₐqoⱱ and_Oh_rulers_of the_house_of Yisrāʼēl/(Israel) who_loathe justice and_DOM every_of (the)_straight_thing they_make_crooked.
10who_build Tsiyyōn/(Zion) with_blood(s) and_Yərūshālam/(Jerusalem) with_injustice.
11Leaders_of_its for_a_bribe they_judge and_its_of_priests for_a_price they_teach and_its_of_prophets for_money they_divine and_on YHWH they_depend to_say am_not is_YHWH in_our_of_midst not it_will_come on_us calamity.
12For_so/thus/hence on_account_of_of_you(pl) Tsiyyōn a_field it_will_be_plowed and_Yərūshālam/(Jerusalem) heaps_of_ruins it_will_be and_the_mountain_of the_house (into)_high_places_of a_forest.
4and_it_was in_end/latter the_days it_will_be the_mountain_of the_house_of YHWH established (in)_the_chief_of the_mountains and_will_be_lifted_up it more_than_the_hills and_they_will_stream on/upon/above_him/it peoples.
2And_ nations _they_will_come many and_they_will_say come and_let_us_go_up to the_mountain_of YHWH and_near/to the_house_of the_god_of Yaˊₐqoⱱ/(Jacob) so_that_he_may_teach_us from_his_of_ways and_so_that_we_may_walk in_his_of_paths if/because from_Tsiyyōn it_will_go_forth instruction and_the_message_of YHWH from_Yərūshālam/(Jerusalem).
3And_he_will_judge between peoples many and_he_will_decide for_nations mighty to far_away and_they_will_beat swords_of_their into_plowshares and_their_of_spears into_pruning_knives not nation they_will_lift_up against nation a_sword and_not they_will_learn again warfare.
4And_they_will_dwell everyone under vine_of_his_own and_under fig_tree_of_his_own and_there_will_not_be one_who_terrifies if/because the_mouth_of YHWH hosts it_has_spoken.
5If/because all_of the_peoples they_walk everyone in/on_name_of his/its_god and_we we_will_walk in/on_name_of YHWH god_of_our forever and_ever.
6in_the_day (the)_that the_utterance_of YHWH I_will_gather the_one_who_is_lame and_the_one_who_is_outthrow I_will_assemble and_which I_have_done_harm_to.
7And_I_will_make DOM the_one_who_was_lame into_a_remnant and_the_one_who_was_straying to_(a)_nation mighty and_ YHWH _he_will_reign over_them in_the_mountain_of Tsiyyōn/(Zion) from_now and_unto perpetuity.
8and_you(ms) Oh Migdal Oh_hill_of the_daughter_of Tsiyyōn to_you it_will_come and_it_will_come the_dominion (the)_former a_kingdom_of to_the_daughter_of Yərūshālam/(Jerusalem).
9Now to/for_what do_you_shout shouting a_king is_there_not on/over_you(fs) or counsellor_of_your has_he_perished (cmp) it_has_taken_hold_of_you anguish like_(the)_who]_gives_birth.
10Writhe_in_pain and_burst_forth Oh_daughter_of Tsiyyōn like_(the)_who]_gives_birth if/because now you_will_go_out from_the_town and_you_will_dwell in_the_field and_you_will_go to Bāⱱel there you_will_be_delivered there he_will_redeem_you YHWH from_the_palm_of your(pl)_enemies_of_of.
11And_now they_have_gathered on_you nations many which_are_saying let_her_be_polluted and_let_it_look on_Tsiyyōn eyes_of_our.
12And_they not they_know the_thoughts_of YHWH and_not they_understand counsel_of_his if/because_that he_has_gathered_them like_(the)_grain threshing_floor_to_the.
13Arise and_thresh Oh_daughter_of Tsiyyōn if/because horn_of_your I_will_make iron and_your(pl)_of_hooves I_will_make bronze and_you_will_pulverize peoples many and_I_will_dedicate_to_destruction to/for_YHWH gain_of_their_unjust and_their_of_wealth to_the_master_of all_of the_earth/land.
14[fn] now you_will_cut_yourself Oh_daughter_of troop[s] a_siege someone_has_set on_us with_rod they_will_strike on the_cheek DOM the_judge_of Yisrāʼēl/(Israel).
5[fn] and_you(ms) Oh_Bēyt- leḩem ʼEfrātāh are_insignificant to_be among_the_families_of Yəhūdāh/(Judah) from_you to_me someone_will_go_out to_be ruler over_Yisrāʼēl/(Israel) and_his_of_origins from_east from_days_of antiquity.
2[fn] for_so/thus/hence he_will_deliver_them_up until a_time when_one_who_is_about_to_give_birth she_has_given_birth and_the_rest_of his_brothers_of_of they_will_return with the_people_of Yisrāʼēl/(Israel).
3[fn] and_he_will_stand and_he_will_shepherd by_the_strength_of YHWH by_the_majesty_of the_name_of YHWH his/its_god and_they_will_remain if/because now he_will_be_great to the_ends_of the_earth.
4[fn] and_it_was this_one peace ʼAshshūr if/because it_will_come in_our_of_land and_because/when it_will_tread on_our_of_fortresses and_we_will_raise_up on/upon/above_him/it seven shepherds and_eight princes_of man.
5[fn] and_they_will_shepherd DOM the_land_of ʼAshshūr with_sword and_DOM the_land_of Nimrōd at_its_of_entrances and_he_will_deliver_us from_ʼAshshūr if/because it_will_come in_our_of_land and_because/when it_will_tread in_our_of_territory.

6They’ll shepherd the land of Assyria with the sword—

≈ that country founded by Nimrod in its entrances.

He’ll rescue us from the Assyrians,

when they come into our land,

≈ when they march inside our borders.[ref]


7The remnant of Yakob will end up among many peoples,

like dew from Yahweh,

≈ like showers on the grass,

that don’t need help from any person,

≈ and they don’t rely on human intervention.

8The remnant of Yakob will be among the nations,

≈ among many peoples,

like a lion among the animals of the forest,

≈ like a young lion among the flocks of sheep.

As he passes through them,

he’ll trample over them and tear them to pieces,

and there’ll be no one to save them.

9You’ll use your power against your enemies,

and they’ll be destroyed.


10Yahweh declares: “At that time,

I’ll wipe out your horses

≈ and demolish your chariots.

11I’ll destroy the cities in your country

≈ and tear down all your fortresses.

12I’ll destroy the witchcraft that you practise,

≈ and you’ll no longer have any diviners.

13I’ll destroy your carved statues,

≈ and the engraved stone pillars from among you.

You’ll no longer worship the workmanship of your hands.

14I’ll topple your Asherah poles where you worship,

≈ and I’ll destroy your cities.

15In my anger, I’ll execute vengeance

on the nations that haven’t obeyed.

6Now listen to what Yahweh says,

Take action, present your case to the mountains.

≈ and let the hills hear your voice.

2Listen to Yahweh’s lawsuit, you mountains,

≈ and you enduring foundations of the earth,

because Yahweh has a lawsuit with his people,

≈ and he’ll present evidence against Yisrael.”

3“My people, what have I done to you?

How have I worn you down?

Present your case against me.

4I rescued you out of slavery

≈ and brought you out of Egypt (Heb. Mitsrayim).

I sent Mosheh, Aharon, and Miryam to you.[ref]

5My people, remember what Moav’s King Balak devised,

and how Beor’s son Balaam answered that king

as you went from Shittim to Gilgal.

Think about that so you can know Yahweh’s righteous actions.”[ref]

6[fn] and_it_was the_remnant_of Yaˊₐqoⱱ/(Jacob) in_the_midst_of peoples many like_dew from_with YHWH like_showers on vegetation which not it_waits for_anyone and_not it_waits for_the_children_of humankind.
7[fn] and_it_was the_remnant_of Yaˊₐqoⱱ among_nations in_the_midst_of peoples many like_a_lion among_the_animals_of the_forest like_a_young_lion among_flocks_of[fn][fn][fn] sheep which if it_has_passed_through and_it_tramples and_it_tears and_there_is_not a_deliverer.
8[fn] hand_of_your may_it_be_lifted_up above foes_of_your and_all enemies_of_your may_they_be_cut_off.
9[fn] and_it_was in_day (the)_that the_utterance_of YHWH and_I_will_cut_off horses_of_your from_your_of_midst and_I_will_destroy chariots_of_your.
10[fn] and_I_will_cut_off the_cities_of your_land_of_of and_I_will_tear_down all_of fortresses_of_your.
11[fn] and_I_will_cut_off sorceries from_your_of_hand and_soothsayers not they_will_belong to/for_you(fs).
12[fn] and_I_will_cut_off images_of_your and_your(pl)_sacred_of_pillars from_your_of_midst and_not you_will_bow_down again to_the_work_of your_two’s_hands_of_of.
13[fn] and_I_will_pluck_up poles_your_ʼAshērāh from_your_of_midst and_I_will_destroy cities_of_your.
14[fn] and_I_will_do in_anger and_in_rage vengeance with the_nations which not they_have_obeyed.
6hear please DOM that_which YHWH is_saying arise conduct_a_case with the_mountains and_let_them_hear the_hills voice_of_your.
2Hear Oh_mountains DOM the_case_of YHWH and_Oh_enduring_ones the_foundations_of the_earth if/because a_case_at_law to/for_YHWH with people_of_his and_with Yisrāʼēl/(Israel) he_will_argue.
3My_people_of_Oh what have_I_done to/for_yourself(m) and_what have_I_made_you_weary testify against_me.
[fn][fn]
4if/because I_brought_you_up from_the_land_of Miʦrayim/(Egypt) and_from_household slaves I_ransomed_you and_I_sent to_your_face DOM Mosheh ʼAhₐron and_Miryām.
5My_people_of_Oh remember please what did_he_plan Bālāq the_king_of Mōʼāⱱ and_what did_he_answer DOM_him/it Bilˊām the_son_of Bəˊōr from (the)_Shiţţīm to (the)_Gilgal so_as to_know the_righteousness(es)_of YHWH.

6What should I bring to Yahweh,

≈ as I bow down to the high God?

Should I come to him with burnt offerings,

≈ with year-old calves?

7Will Yahweh be pleased with thousands of rams,

≈ or with ten thousand rivers of oil?

Should I sacrifice my oldest child to pay for my disobedience—

≈ my biological offspring to pay for my own sin?

8He has told humanity what is good,

≈ and what Yahweh requires from you:

Act justly,

love kindness,

and walk humbly with your god.


9Yahweh is making a proclamation to the city

even now wisdom is calling out to you:

Pay attention to the rod of punishment,

and to the one who has put it in place.

10There’s dishonest wealth in wicked people’s houses,

along with hated false weights and measures.

11Should I consider people to be innocent if they use fraudulent scales

or a bag of deceptive weights?

12The city’s rich men are full of violence,

the inhabitants have spoken lies,

and you can’t believe a word that they say.

13Therefore I’ll strike you with a terrible blow,

and I’ll make you into a desolate country because of your sins.

14You’ll eat but not be satisfied—your emptiness will remain inside you.

≈ You’ll store goods away but not be able to save them, and what you do save I will be taken by force.

15You’ll sow, but not harvest.

≈ You’ll tread the olives, but not anoint yourselves with their oil.

≈ You’ll press grapes, but not drink the wine.

16As a city, you’ve kept the regulations made by King Omri,

≈ and behaved similarly to Ahab’s evil descendants.

You walk by their advice, so I’ll make you into a ruin.

People will hiss at your inhabitants,

and my people will mock you.”[ref]

6With_what will_I_come_to_meet YHWH will_I_bow_myself_down to_the_god_of height will_I_come_to_meet_him with_burnt_offerings with_calves sons_of a_year.
7Will_he_take_pleasure YHWH in_thousands_of rams in_tens_of_thousands_of torrents_of oil will_I_give firstborn_of_my transgression_of_my the_fruit_of my_belly_of_of the_sin_of my_self_of_of.
8He_has_told to/for_yourself(m) Oh_humankind what is_good and_what is_YHWH requiring from_you if/because (if) to_do justice and_the_love_of covenant_loyalty and_to_be_modest to_walk with god_of_your.
9the_voice_of YHWH to_city it_calls_out and_success it_will_see your(ms)_name hear Oh_tribe and_whoever he_appointed_it.
10Still are_there house_of the_wicked treasures_of wickedness and_an_ʼēyfāh_of scantness accursed.
11Will_I_be_clean with_balances_of wickedness and_with_a_bag_of weights_of deceit.
12Which its_rich_of_people they_are_full violence and_its_of_inhabitants they_speak falsehood and_their_of_tongue is_deceit in_their_of_mouth.
13And_also I I_will_make_sick by_striking_you I_will_make_desolate_you on sins_of_your.
14You you_will_eat and_not you_will_be_satisfied and_your_of_emptiness will_be_of_in_your_midst and_you_will_carry_away and_not you_will_bring_to_safety and_which you_will_bring_to_safety to_sword I_will_give.
15You you_will_sow and_not you_will_reap you you_will_tread olive[s] and_not you_will_anoint_yourself oil and_new_wine and_not you_will_drink wine.
16And_it_has_been_kept the_regulations_of ˊĀmə and_all/each/any/every (the)_deed_of the_house_of ʼAḩʼāⱱ and_you(pl)_have_walked in_their_of_schemes so_as I_to_make you into_a_horror and_its_of_inhabitants into_hissing and_the_reproach_of my_people_of_of you(pl)_will_bear.

7I’m miserable because I’ve become like the gathering of left-over fruit,

and like the grapes that have already been gleaned.

There’s no grape clusters to eat,

and none of the ripe early figs that I really felt like.

2The faithful people have disappeared from the land.

There is no godly person among all mankind.

They all lie in wait to shed blood

each one hunts his own fellow countryman with a net.

3They’re very good at doing harm:

the leader asks for money,

≈ the judge is ready for bribes,

and the powerful man is telling others what he wants to obtain,

and so they scheme together.

4The best of them is like a thorn-bush.

≈ The most upright is worse than a prickly hedge.


It’s the day foretold by your watchmen

the day of your punishment.

Now is the time of their confusion.

5Don’t trust any neighbour.

≈ Put no confidence in any friend.

Be careful about what you say

even to the woman who lies in your arms,

6because sons dishonour their fathers,

≈ daughters rise up against their mothers,

≈ and daughters-in-law against their mothers-in-law.

A person’s enemies are the people in their own household.[ref]


7But as for me, I’ll look out for Yahweh.

≈ I’ll wait for the god who saves me.

My god will hear me.

7woe to_me if/because I_have_become like_gathering(s)_of summer_fruit like_gleanings_of the_grape_harvest there_is_not a_cluster_of_grapes to_eat an_early_fig appetite_of_my it_craves.
2He_has_perished the_faithful from the_earth/land and_an_upright_person among_humankind there_is_not of_them_of_all for_blood(s) they_lie_in_wait each DOM brother_of_his they_hunt a_net.
3are_on (the)_evil both_hands to_do_it_well the_official is_asking and_the_judge for_bribe[fn][fn][fn] and_the_great_person is_speaking the_desire_of his_self_of_of he and_they_weave_it.
4Their_good_of_person is_like_a_thorn-bush an_upright_person more_than_a_thorn_hedge the_day_of your_watchmen punishment_of_your it_has_come now confusion_of_their it_will_be.
5Do_not believe in_a_neighbour do_not trust in_a_close_friend from_the_woman_who_lies_of your_bosom_of_of guard the_openings_of your_mouth_of_of.
6If/because a_son is_treating_with_contempt a_father a_daughter is_arising on_her_of_mother a_daughter-in-law on_her_of_mother-in-law are_the_enemies_of a_person the_people_of his_own_household_of_of.
7And_I for_YHWH I_will_watch I_will_wait for_the_god_of my_salvation_of_of he_will_hear_me god_of_my.

8Don’t be happy about what happened to me, my enemy.

After I fall, I’ll get up and stand again.

When I sit in darkness, Yahweh will be a light for me.

9Because I sinned against Yahweh, I’ll endure his rage

until he pleads my cause on my behalf, and executes judgement for me.

≈ He’ll bring me to the light, and I’ll see him rescue me in his justice.

10Then my enemy will see it,

and shame will cover the one who said to me,

“Where is Yahweh your god?”

My eyes will look at her;

she’ll be trampled down like the mud in the streets.


11The time will come for rebuilding your walls.

On that day your boundaries will be greatly expanded.

12On that day your people will come to you,

from Assyria and the cities in Egypt (Heb. Mitsrayim),

≈ from Egypt to the Euphrates River,

from sea to sea,

≈ and from mountain to mountain.

13But the land will be desolate

because of the people who are living there,

because of the fruit of their actions.

8Do_not rejoice my_enemy_of_Oh to_me if/because I_have_fallen I_will_arise if/because I_sit in_darkness YHWH will_be_light to_me.
9the_rage_of YHWH I_will_bear if/because I_have_sinned to_him/it until that he_will_conduct case_of_my and_he_will_do justice_of_my he_will_bring_me_out to_the_light I_will_look on_his_of_righteousness.
10And_she_will_see enemy_of_my and_it_will_cover_her shame who_says to_me where_is_he YHWH god_of_your eyes_of_my they_will_look on_her now she_will_become (into)_a_trampling_place like_the_mud_of the_streets.
11A_day to_build walls_of_your a_day (the)_that it_will_be_far a_boundary.
12A_day that and_to_you someone_will_come (to)_from ʼAshshūr and_the_cities_of Miʦrayim/(Egypt) and_(to)_from Miʦrayim and_unto the_River and_sea from_sea and_mountain the_mountain.
13And_it_will_become the_earth/land (into)_a_desolation on its_of_inhabitants from_the_fruit their_deeds_of_of.

14Shepherd your people with your staff

the flock of your inheritance.

They live alone in a forest,

surrounded by pastureland.

Let them graze in Bashan and Gilead as in the old days.

15Just like in the days when you were rescued out of Egypt,

I’ll display miracles to them.

16The nations will see and be ashamed of all their power.

They’ll put their hands over their mouths

and act like their ears are deaf.

17They’ll lick the dust like a snake

≈ like creatures that crawl on the earth.

They’ll be trembling as they come out of their fortresses.

≈ They’ll come with fear to you, our god Yahweh,

≈ and they’ll be afraid because of you.


18What other God is there like you, who takes away sin?

Who forgives the disobedience of the remnant of his inherited people?

He doesn’t stay angry forever,

because he happily demonstrates his loyal commitment.

19You’ll have compassion on us yet again.

You’ll wipe away our disobedience.

≈ You will throw all our sins into the deepest parts of the sea.

20You’ll give truth to Yakob (Jacob)

≈ and loyal commitment to Abraham,

as you promised to our ancestors long ago.


1:3 Possibly referring to the pagan temples which were often constructed on hilltops.


14shepherd people_of_your with_your_of_rod the_flock_of your_inheritance_of_of which_dwells_of (of)_alone a_forest in_the_middle a_garden-land let_them_graze Bāshān and_Gilˊād like_the_days_of antiquity.
15Like_the_days_of you_came_out from_the_land_of Miʦrayim I_will_show_him wonders.
16nations They_will_see and_they_will_be_ashamed from_all strength_of_their they_will_put a_hand over a_mouth ears_of_their they_will_be_deaf.
17They_will_lick_up dust like_snake like_things_which_crawl_of the_earth they_will_quake from_their_of_strongholds to YHWH god_of_our they_will_be_in_dread and_they_will_be_afraid from_you.
18Who is_a_god like_you who_forgives iniquity and_who_passes over transgression to_the_remnant_of his_inheritance_of_of not he_keeps_hold_of forever anger_of_his if/because is_one_desiring covenant_loyalty he.
19He_will_return he_will_have_compassion_on_us he_will_subdue iniquities_of_our and_you_will_throw in_the_depths_of the_sea all_of sins_of_their.
20You_will_give faithfulness to_Yaˊₐqoⱱ/(Jacob) covenant_loyalty to_ʼAⱱrāhām which you_swore to_our_of_fathers from_days_of antiquity.

1:3 OSHB variant note: במותי: (x-qere) ’בָּ֥מֳתֵי’: lemma_1116 morph_HNcfpc id_33Wkf בָּ֥מֳתֵי

1:8 OSHB variant note: שילל: (x-qere) ’שׁוֹלָ֖ל’: lemma_7758 n_1.0 morph_HAamsa id_33jQ8 שׁוֹלָ֖ל

1:10 OSHB variant note: התפלשתי: (x-qere) ’הִתְפַּלָּֽשִׁי’: lemma_6428 n_0 morph_HVtv2fs id_33aMT הִתְפַּלָּֽשִׁי

1:15 OSHB note: Marks a place where we agree with BHQ against BHS in reading L.

1:15 OSHB note: Marks an anomalous form.

1:15 OSHB note: We read punctuation in L differently from BHS.

3:2 OSHB variant note: רעה: (x-qere) ’רָ֑ע’: lemma_7451 b n_1 morph_HAamsa id_33pm7 רָ֑ע

3:7 OSHB note: We read one or more accents in L differently from BHQ.

4:14 Note: KJB: Mic.5.1

5:1 Note: KJB: Mic.5.2

5:2 Note: KJB: Mic.5.3

5:3 Note: KJB: Mic.5.4

5:4 Note: KJB: Mic.5.5

5:5 Note: KJB: Mic.5.6

5:6 Note: KJB: Mic.5.7

5:7 Note: KJB: Mic.5.8

5:7 OSHB note: Marks a place where we agree with BHQ against BHS in reading L.

5:7 OSHB note: Marks an anomalous form.

5:7 OSHB note: We read punctuation in L differently from BHS.

5:8 Note: KJB: Mic.5.9

5:9 Note: KJB: Mic.5.10

5:10 Note: KJB: Mic.5.11

5:11 Note: KJB: Mic.5.12

5:12 Note: KJB: Mic.5.13

5:13 Note: KJB: Mic.5.14

5:14 Note: KJB: Mic.5.15

6:3 OSHB note: Marks a place where we agree with BHQ against BHS in reading L.

6:3 OSHB note: We read punctuation in L differently from BHS.

7:3 OSHB note: Marks a place where we agree with BHQ against BHS in reading L.

7:3 OSHB note: Marks an anomalous form.

7:3 OSHB note: We read punctuation in L differently from BHS.

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