Parallel PSA 22:29

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / merism

אָכְל֬וּ וַ⁠יִּֽשְׁתַּחֲוּ֨וּ ׀ כָּֽל־דִּשְׁנֵי־אֶ֗רֶץ לְ⁠פָנָ֣י⁠ו יִ֭כְרְעוּ כָּל־יוֹרְדֵ֣י עָפָ֑ר

(Some words not found in UHB: that/for/because/then/when to/for=YHWH the=royalty and,[he_is]_ruling over,nations )

David is referring to all people by naming two extremes, the fat of the earth (the wealthy and prosperous who were well-fed and healthy), and the ones going down to the dust (the dying). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: [All people will eat and will bow down; to his face will kneel every person]

Note 2 topic: translate-symaction

וַ⁠יִּֽשְׁתַּחֲוּ֨וּ

(Some words not found in UHB: that/for/because/then/when to/for=YHWH the=royalty and,[he_is]_ruling over,nations )

See how you translated this expression in [22:27](../022/027.md).

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / nominaladj

דִּשְׁנֵי־אֶ֗רֶץ

(Some words not found in UHB: that/for/because/then/when to/for=YHWH the=royalty and,[he_is]_ruling over,nations )

David is using the adjective fat as a noun to mean a certain kind of person. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this adjective with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: [the fat ones of the earth] or [the fat people of the earth]

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / metonymy

דִּשְׁנֵי־אֶ֗רֶץ

(Some words not found in UHB: that/for/because/then/when to/for=YHWH the=royalty and,[he_is]_ruling over,nations )

Here, the fat of the earth represents the wealthy and prosperous people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: [the wealthy people of the earth] or [the prosperous people of the earth]

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / metonymy

לְ⁠פָנָ֣י⁠ו

(Some words not found in UHB: that/for/because/then/when to/for=YHWH the=royalty and,[he_is]_ruling over,nations )

Here Yahweh’s face represents being in front of him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: [in his presence]

Note 6 topic: translate-symaction

יִ֭כְרְעוּ

(Some words not found in UHB: that/for/because/then/when to/for=YHWH the=royalty and,[he_is]_ruling over,nations )

To kneel was a symbolic action by which people showed reverence and submission to God. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action in the text of your translation or in a footnote. Alternate translation: [will kneel down in worship]

Note 7 topic: figures-of-speech / parallelism

כָּל־יוֹרְדֵ֣י עָפָ֑ר וְ֝⁠נַפְשׁ֗⁠וֹ לֹ֣א חִיָּֽה

(Some words not found in UHB: that/for/because/then/when to/for=YHWH the=royalty and,[he_is]_ruling over,nations )

These two phrases all of the ones going down to the dust and even his self he kept not alive mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. Hebrew poetry was based on this kind of repetition, and you may want to show this to your readers by including both phrases in your translation. If it is helpful, you could connect the phrases in a way that shows that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: [all of the ones going down to the dust, that is, those who cannot keep themselves alive]

Note 8 topic: figures-of-speech / metonymy

יוֹרְדֵ֣י עָפָ֑ר

(Some words not found in UHB: that/for/because/then/when to/for=YHWH the=royalty and,[he_is]_ruling over,nations )

Here the phrase the ones going down to the dust represents people who are dying or close to death. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: [the ones going down to the grave] or [the ones who are dying]

Note 9 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

וְ֝⁠נַפְשׁ֗⁠וֹ לֹ֣א חִיָּֽה

(Some words not found in UHB: that/for/because/then/when to/for=YHWH the=royalty and,[he_is]_ruling over,nations )

The implication is that they were not able to keep themselves alive. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: [even him who could not keep himself alive]

Note 10 topic: grammar-collectivenouns

וְ֝⁠נַפְשׁ֗⁠וֹ לֹ֣א חִיָּֽה

(Some words not found in UHB: that/for/because/then/when to/for=YHWH the=royalty and,[he_is]_ruling over,nations )

In this verse, the words his and he are singular in form, but they refer to all humans as a group. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use the plural forms of “his” and “he” or plural forms that include both men and women since this phrase refers to all people, as no one is able to keep themselves from eventually dying. Alternate translation: [even those who could not keep themselves alive]