UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament

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πνεῦμα

MainId: 004054000000000

Version: 0

HasAramaic: False

InLXX: True

AlphaPos: π

StrongCodes: G4151

BaseForms:

BaseFormID: 004054001000000
PartsOfSpeech: noun, n.
Inflections:
1. Lemma: πνεῦμα
  BaseFormIndex: 1
  Realizations: -τος
RelatedLemmas: {'Word': 'πνέω', 'Meanings': []}
LEXMeanings:
1. LEXID: 004054001001000
  LEXIsBiblicalTerm: M
  LEXEntryCode: 12.18
  LEXIndent: 0
  LEXDomains: Supernatural Beings and Powers
  LEXSubDomains: Supernatural Beings
  LEXSenses:
  1. LanguageCode: en
    LastEdited: 2021-12-28 11:41:13
    DefinitionShort: a title for the third person of the Trinity, literally: spirit
    Glosses: ['Spirit', 'Spirit of God', 'Holy Spirit']
    Comments: In many religious systems the significant difference between the gods and the spirits is that the gods are regarded as supernatural beings which control certain aspects of natural phenomena, while the spirits are supernatural beings, often impersonal, which indwell or inhabit certain places, including rivers, streams, mountains, caves, animals, and people. Spirits are often regarded as being primarily evil, though it may be possible to induce them to be favorable to people.|It is extremely difficult to find in some languages a fully satisfactory term to speak of the Spirit of God. If one uses a term which normally identifies local supernatural beings, there is a tendency to read into the term the meaning of evil or mischievous character. If, however, one uses a term which may identify the spirit of a person, the problems may even be greater, since according to many systems of religious belief, the spirit of an individual does not become active until the individual dies. Therefore, the activity of the Spirit of God would presumably suggest that God himself had died. However, if one uses a term which means ‘heart’ or ‘soul’ (and thus the Spirit of God would be literally equivalent to ‘the heart of God’), there may be complications since this aspect of human personality is often regarded as not being able to act on its own.|The solutions to the problem of ‘Spirit’ have been varied. In some languages the term for Spirit is essentially equivalent to ‘the unseen one,’ and therefore the Spirit of God is essentially equivalent to ‘the invisibleness of God.’|In a number of languages the closest equivalent for Spirit is ‘breath,’ and in a number of indigenous religious systems, the ‘breath’ is regarded as having a kind of independent existence. In other languages the term for Spirit is equivalent to what is often translated as ‘the soul,’ that is to say, the immaterial part of a person. There is, of course, always the difficulty of employing a term meaning ‘soul’ or ‘life,’ since it often proves to be impersonal and thus provides no basis for speaking of the Spirit of God as being a person or a personal manifestation of God.|In quite a few languages the equivalent of Spirit is literally ‘shadow,’ since the ‘shadow’ of a person is regarded as the immaterial part of the individual. Moreover, in many systems of religious thought the shadow is regarded as having some significant measure of independent existence.|In a few cases the term for Spirit is literally ‘wind,’ but there are frequently difficulties involved in this type of terminology since a term for wind often suggests calamity or evil intent. One meaning of Spirit which must be clearly avoided is that of ‘apparition’ or ‘ghost.’|Frequently it is not possible to find a fully satisfactory term for ‘Spirit,’ and therefore in all contexts some characterizing feature is added, for example, either ‘of God’ or ‘holy,’ in the sense of ‘divine.’ This may be particularly necessary in a passage such as {S:04100101200008} where the average reader might assume that a spirit which would make Jesus go out into the desert would be an evil rather than a good spirit.|Often the Holy Spirit is named by phrases which explain something of the nature and activity of the Spirit: πνεῦμα (ἐκ τοῦ) θεοῦ ‘Spirit of God,’ πνεῦμα ἅγιον ‘Holy Spirit,’ πνεῦμα αἰώνιον ‘the Eternal Spirit’ (often called ‘the unending spirit’ or ‘the spirit that never ceases’), πνεῦμα τῆς ἀληθείας ‘the Spirit of Truth,’ that is, ‘the Spirit who communicates truth’ (sometimes rendered as ‘the Spirit that communicates the truth about God’); πνεῦμα τῆς δόξης ‘Spirit of glory,’ that is, ‘the glorious Spirit’ or ‘the wonderful Spirit’; πνεῦμα τῆς ζωῆς ‘the Spirit of life,’ that is, ‘the Spirit who brings life’ or ‘the Spirit that causes people to live’; πνεῦμα υἱοθεσίας ‘the Spirit of sonship,’ that is, ‘the Spirit who makes us sons of God’ or ‘the Spirit that causes us to become God’s sons;’ πνεῦμα τῆς χάριτος ‘Spirit of grace,’ that is, ‘the Spirit who bestows kindness’ or ‘the Spirit who shows kindness to us;’ πνεῦμα σοφίας καὶ ἀποκάλυπσεως ‘Spirit of wisdom and revelation,’ that is ‘the Spirit who gives wisdom and who reveals God’ or ‘the Spirit who causes us to become wise and who shows us what God is like’ (or ‘… who God truly is’). The phrase πνεῦμα κυρίου, ‘Spirit of the Lord,’ is ambiguous because κύριος may either refer to God the Father or to Jesus Christ, but the Spirit in either case is the same: τί ὅτι συνεφωνήθη ὑμῖν πειράσαι τὸ πνεῦμα κυρίου; ‘why did you decide to put the Lord’s Spirit to the test?’ {S:04400500900024}.
  LEXReferences: MAT 1:18, MAT 1:20, MAT 3:11, MAT 3:16, MAT 4:1, MAT 10:20, MAT 12:18, MAT 12:28, MAT 12:31, MAT 12:32, MAT 22:43, MAT 28:19, MARK 1:8, MARK 1:10, MARK 1:12, MARK 3:29, MARK 12:36, MARK 13:11, LUKE 1:15, LUKE 1:17, LUKE 1:35, LUKE 1:41, LUKE 1:67, LUKE 1:80, LUKE 2:25, LUKE 2:26, LUKE 2:27, LUKE 3:16, LUKE 3:22, LUKE 4:1, LUKE 4:1, LUKE 4:14, LUKE 4:18, LUKE 10:21, LUKE 11:13, LUKE 12:10, LUKE 12:12, YHN 1:32, YHN 1:33, YHN 1:33, YHN 3:5, YHN 3:6, YHN 3:8, YHN 3:34, YHN 6:63, YHN 6:63, YHN 7:39, YHN 7:39, YHN 14:17, YHN 14:26, YHN 15:26, YHN 16:13, YHN 20:22, ACTs 1:2, ACTs 1:5, ACTs 1:8, ACTs 1:16, ACTs 2:4, ACTs 2:4, ACTs 2:17, ACTs 2:18, ACTs 2:33, ACTs 2:38, ACTs 4:8, ACTs 4:25, ACTs 4:31, ACTs 5:3, ACTs 5:9, ACTs 5:32, ACTs 6:3, ACTs 6:5, ACTs 6:10, ACTs 7:51, ACTs 7:55, ACTs 8:15, ACTs 8:17, ACTs 8:18, ACTs 8:19, ACTs 8:29, ACTs 8:39, ACTs 9:17, ACTs 9:31, ACTs 10:19, ACTs 10:38, ACTs 10:44, ACTs 10:45, ACTs 10:47, ACTs 11:12, ACTs 11:15, ACTs 11:16, ACTs 11:24, ACTs 11:28, ACTs 13:2, ACTs 13:4, ACTs 13:9, ACTs 13:52, ACTs 15:8, ACTs 15:28, ACTs 16:6, ACTs 16:7, ACTs 19:2, ACTs 19:2, ACTs 19:6, ACTs 20:22, ACTs 20:23, ACTs 20:28, ACTs 21:4, ACTs 21:11, ACTs 28:25, ROM 2:29, ROM 5:5, ROM 7:6, ROM 8:2, ROM 8:4, ROM 8:5, ROM 8:5, ROM 8:6, ROM 8:9, ROM 8:9, ROM 8:9, ROM 8:11, ROM 8:11, ROM 8:13, ROM 8:14, ROM 8:15, ROM 8:16, ROM 8:23, ROM 8:26, ROM 8:26, ROM 8:27, ROM 9:1, ROM 14:17, ROM 15:13, ROM 15:16, ROM 15:19, ROM 15:30, 1COR 2:4, 1COR 2:10, 1COR 2:10, 1COR 2:11, 1COR 2:12, 1COR 2:13, 1COR 2:14, 1COR 3:16, 1COR 6:11, 1COR 6:19, 1COR 7:40, 1COR 12:3, 1COR 12:3, 1COR 12:4, 1COR 12:7, 1COR 12:8, 1COR 12:8, 1COR 12:9, 1COR 12:9, 1COR 12:11, 1COR 12:13, 1COR 12:13, 1COR 14:2, 1COR 14:15, 1COR 14:15, 1COR 14:16, 2COR 1:22, 2COR 3:3, 2COR 3:6, 2COR 3:6, 2COR 3:8, 2COR 3:17, 2COR 3:17, 2COR 3:18, 2COR 5:5, 2COR 6:6, 2COR 13:13, GAL 3:2, GAL 3:3, GAL 3:5, GAL 3:14, GAL 4:6, GAL 4:29, GAL 5:5, GAL 5:16, GAL 5:17, GAL 5:17, GAL 5:18, GAL 5:22, GAL 5:25, GAL 5:25, GAL 6:8, GAL 6:8, EPH 1:13, EPH 1:17, EPH 2:18, EPH 2:22, EPH 3:5, EPH 3:16, EPH 4:3, EPH 4:4, EPH 4:30, EPH 5:18, EPH 6:17, EPH 6:18, PHP 1:19, PHP 2:1, PHP 3:3, COL 1:8, 1TH 1:5, 1TH 1:6, 1TH 4:8, 1TH 5:19, 2TH 2:13, 1TIM 3:16, 1TIM 4:1, 2TIM 1:7, 2TIM 1:14, TIT 3:5, HEB 2:4, HEB 3:7, HEB 6:4, HEB 9:8, HEB 9:14, HEB 10:15, HEB 10:29, YAC 4:5, 1PET 1:2, 1PET 1:11, 1PET 1:12, 1PET 4:14, 2PET 1:21, 1YHN 3:24, 1YHN 4:1, 1YHN 4:2, 1YHN 4:6, 1YHN 4:6, 1YHN 4:13, 1YHN 5:6, 1YHN 5:6, 1YHN 5:8, YUD 1:19, YUD 1:20, REV 1:10, REV 2:7, REV 2:11, REV 2:17, REV 2:29, REV 3:6, REV 3:13, REV 3:22, REV 4:2, REV 14:13, REV 17:3, REV 21:10, REV 22:17
2. LEXID: 004054001002000
  LEXIsBiblicalTerm: Y
  LEXEntryCode: 12.33
  LEXIndent: 0
  LEXDomains: Supernatural Beings and Powers
  LEXSubDomains: Supernatural Beings
  LEXSenses:
  1. LanguageCode: en
    LastEdited: 2021-12-28 11:41:13
    DefinitionShort: a supernatural non-material being
    Glosses: spirit
    Comments: πνεῦμα in {S:04300402400002} and {S:04402300800022} is highly generic. There is no implication of such a spirit being either good or evil, nor is πνεῦμα in such contexts to be regarded as merely an aspect of some other being. The reference is simply to a supernatural and non-material entity. In rendering {S:04402300800022}, one may speak of the Sadducees rejection of the existence of spirits as ‘they say … there is nothing which isn’t physical’ or ‘… everything that exists is physical.’
  LEXReferences: YHN 3:6, YHN 4:24, YHN 6:63, ACTs 23:8, ACTs 23:9, ROM 11:8, 1COR 12:10, 1COR 15:45, 2COR 11:4, 2TH 2:2, HEB 1:14, 1YHN 4:1, 1YHN 4:1, 1YHN 4:2, 1YHN 4:6, 1YHN 4:6, REV 1:4, REV 3:1, REV 4:5, REV 5:6
3. LEXID: 004054001003000
  LEXIsBiblicalTerm: M
  LEXEntryCode: 12.37
  LEXIndent: 0
  LEXDomains: Supernatural Beings and Powers
  LEXSubDomains: Supernatural Beings
  LEXSenses:
  1. LanguageCode: en
    LastEdited: 2021-12-28 11:41:13
    DefinitionShort: an evil supernatural being or spirit
    Glosses: ['demon', 'evil spirit']
    Comments: While in a number of languages the Devil may be spoken of as ‘the chief of the demons,’ sometimes the demons are simply called ‘the spirits of the Devil’ or ‘the servants of the Devil.’|In a number of languages the difficulty in terminology for demons is not the absence of a term, but the abundance of different terms for different kinds of demons, each one of which may be responsible for particular kinds of human behavior, for example, insanity, depression, epilepsy, sex perversion, and violent assault. Sometimes demons are classified as ‘those of the home’ and ‘those of the forest,’ in which case the latter are normally regarded as more violent and virulent. When there is an abundance of different terms for demons and no generic term for all types of demons, one can usually select a class of demons which parallels most closely the descriptions of demon activity in the NT and use such a term with appropriate contextual qualifications so as to suggest that such a term is to be understood in a general sense.
  LEXReferences: MAT 8:16, MAT 12:45, MARK 9:17, MARK 9:20, MARK 9:25, LUKE 4:33, LUKE 9:39, LUKE 10:20, LUKE 13:11, ACTs 16:16, ACTs 16:18, ACTs 19:12, ACTs 19:13, ACTs 19:15, ACTs 19:16, EPH 2:2, 1TIM 4:1, REV 16:14
4. LEXID: 004054001004000
  LEXIsBiblicalTerm: M
  LEXEntryCode: 12.42
  LEXIndent: 0
  LEXDomains: Supernatural Beings and Powers
  LEXSubDomains: Supernatural Beings
  LEXSenses:
  1. LanguageCode: en
    LastEdited: 2021-12-28 11:41:13
    DefinitionShort: an apparition
    Glosses: ghost
    Comments: Most languages have quite satisfactory terms for ‘ghosts’ or ‘apparitions,’ since the psychological phenomena associated with such appearances are apparently universal. In some languages the equivalent of ‘ghost’ is simply ‘shadow.’ In other instances it may be literally ‘breath.’ In some instances the meaning of ‘ghost’ is incorporated within a verb expression, for example, ‘they saw, as it were, through him.’|The NT contains a number of lexical items ({D:12.43}-{D:12.47}) referring to supernatural powers believed to be active as elemental spirits exercising control over man’s fate. Though these may have certain special features associated with them and though in extrabiblical literature they may represent various grades of supernatural power, there seems to be no way in which they can be clearly distinguished on the basis of their NT usage. Appropriate equivalent expressions in other languages are extremely difficult to find, primarily because other religious systems usually have completely different beliefs relative to supernatural powers. In many languages it is simply not possible to speak of such supernatural powers without in some way identifying them with various kinds of spirits.
  LEXReferences: LUKE 24:37, LUKE 24:39
5. LEXID: 004054001005000
  LEXIsBiblicalTerm: M
  LEXEntryCode: 26.9
  LEXIndent: 0
  LEXDomains: Psychological Faculties
  LEXSenses:
  1. LanguageCode: en
    LastEdited: 2021-12-28 11:41:13
    DefinitionShort: the non-material, psychological faculty which is potentially sensitive and responsive to God (πνεῦμα[e] contrasts with {L:σάρξ}[f], {D:26.7}, as an expression of the divine in contrast with the purely human)
    Glosses: ['spirit', 'spiritual', 'spiritual nature', 'inner being']
    Comments: A special problem is posed by the phrase πνεῦμα ἁγιωσύνης in {S:04500100400016}. Some persons have assumed that this phrase is merely a lexical alternative for πνεῦμα ἅγιον ‘Holy Spirit,’ but this hardly seems to be the case, especially since κατὰ πνεῦμα ἁγιωσύνης is in structural contrast with κατὰ σάρκα ({S:04500100300022}). The phrase κατὰ σάρκα seems to be best interpreted as referring to the humanity of Jesus, and therefore in contrast κατὰ πνεῦμα ἁγιωσύνης may perhaps be best interpreted as his ‘divine holiness’ or rather his ‘holy spiritual being.’ Accordingly, the relevant elements in {S:04500100300000}b-{S:04500100400000} may be rendered as ‘as to his humanity, he was born a descendant of David, but as to his divine nature, he was shown with great power to be the Son of God by being raised from death.’|There are often a number of serious problems involved in obtaining a satisfactory term for translating πνεῦμα[e]. In a few instances one can use a more or less literal equivalent, namely ‘breath,’ and in other instances the appropriate equivalent is a derived term meaning ‘that which doesn’t die.’ In some instances the equivalent is ‘the person who isn’t seen,’ meaning that part of the person which is never visible. In order to emphasize the non-material aspects of πνεῦμα[e], some persons have used terms which actually refer to ghosts, but this should be avoided.|In a number of languages a clear distinction is made between (1) the spirit that dwells within a person during one’s lifetime and (2) that spirit which leaves a person and passes on into the next world. In a number of contexts one must make certain that the appropriate term is used; otherwise, there is not only extreme confusion but serious misunderstanding.
  LEXReferences: MAT 26:41, MARK 2:8, MARK 8:12, MARK 14:38, LUKE 1:47, LUKE 1:80, LUKE 8:55, LUKE 23:46, YHN 4:23, YHN 4:24, YHN 11:33, YHN 13:21, ACTs 7:59, ACTs 17:16, ACTs 20:22, ROM 1:4, ROM 1:9, ROM 8:10, ROM 8:16, 1COR 2:11, 1COR 5:3, 1COR 5:4, 1COR 5:5, 1COR 6:17, 1COR 7:34, 1COR 14:2, 1COR 14:14, 1COR 14:15, 1COR 14:15, 1COR 14:16, 1COR 14:32, 1COR 16:18, 2COR 2:13, 2COR 7:1, 2COR 7:13, GAL 6:18, EPH 4:3, PHP 4:23, COL 2:5, 1TH 5:23, 2TH 2:13, 2TIM 1:7, 2TIM 4:22, PHM 1:25, HEB 4:12, HEB 9:14, HEB 12:9, HEB 12:23, YAC 2:26, 1PET 3:18, 1PET 3:19, 1PET 4:6, 1YHN 4:3, REV 19:10, REV 22:6
6. LEXID: 004054001006000
  LEXIsBiblicalTerm: Y
  LEXEntryCode: 30.6
  LEXIndent: 0
  LEXDomains: Think
  LEXSubDomains: To Think, Thought
  LEXSenses:
  1. LanguageCode: en
    LastEdited: 2021-12-28 11:41:13
    DefinitionShort: (compare {L:πνεῦμα}[e] ‘inner being,’ {D:26.9}) an attitude or disposition reflecting the way in which a person thinks about or deals with some matter
    Glosses: ['disposition', 'attitude', 'way of thinking']
    Comments: In some languages πνεῦμα[f] may be regarded as implicit in the context itself, so that the last part of {S:04800600100032} may well be translated as ‘but do it with gentleness.’
  LEXReferences: ROM 8:15, 1COR 2:12, 1COR 4:21, 1COR 14:12, 2COR 4:13, 2COR 12:18, GAL 6:1, EPH 1:17, EPH 4:23, PHP 1:27, 2TH 2:13, 1PET 3:4
7. LEXID: 004054001007000
  LEXIsBiblicalTerm: Y
  LEXEntryCode: 14.4
  LEXIndent: 0
  LEXDomains: Physical Events and States
  LEXSubDomains: Wind
  LEXSenses:
  1. LanguageCode: en
    LastEdited: 2021-12-28 11:41:13
    DefinitionShort: air in relatively rapid movement, but without specification as to the force of the movement
    Glosses: ['wind', 'blowing', 'to blow']
    Comments: As in the case of English (which has, for example, such terms as breeze, zephyr, gust, storm, whirlwind, cyclone, tornado, etc.), other languages likewise normally have a number of different terms depending upon the strength of the wind and whether the wind may be carrying substances such as sand or dust. In some languages there may also be a problem involved in the use of terms for ‘wind,’ since some of these may have meanings of malicious or malevolent spirits, or they may imply a disease-bringing event.|In {S:01910400400006} the Hebrew actually means ‘you use the winds as your messengers.’ The form cited here in {S:05800100700024} reflects the Septuagint translation. It may be relevant in some translations to call attention to the reason for this difference, since it may not be easy to make the Greek form of this expression fully meaningful, for literally ‘to turn his angels into winds’ may seem like purposeless magic. Some translators must employ a phrase such as ‘he makes his angels like winds.’
  LEXReferences: YHN 3:8, HEB 1:7
8. LEXID: 004054001008000
  LEXIsBiblicalTerm: M
  LEXEntryCode: 23.186
  LEXIndent: 0
  LEXDomains: Physiological Processes and States
  LEXSubDomains: Breathe, Breath
  LEXSenses:
  1. LanguageCode: en
    LastEdited: 2021-12-28 11:41:13
    DefinitionShort: a breath of air coming from the lungs
    Glosses: breath
    Comments: In this figurative context, πνεῦμα[h] refers to a single breath of air. It does not refer to the process of breathing (see {L:πνοή}[b] breath, {D:23.187}). The use of breath to kill a person may immediately suggest in some languages the power of sorcery. It would be difficult indeed to avoid this connotation in view of the total context, but it may be necessary to have some type of marginal note explaining the symbolic significance.
  LEXReferences: 2TH 2:8, YAC 2:26, REV 11:11, REV 13:15
9. LEXID: 004054001009000
  LEXIsBiblicalTerm: M
  LEXEntryCode: 12.39
  LEXIndent: 0
  LEXDomains: Supernatural Beings and Powers
  LEXSubDomains: Supernatural Beings
  LEXCollocations: πνεῦμα ἀκάθαρτον
  LEXSenses:
  1. LanguageCode: en
    LastEdited: 2021-12-28 11:41:13
    DefinitionShort: (a fixed phrase) an evil supernatural spirit which is ritually unclean and which causes persons to be ritually unclean
    Glosses: unclean spirit
    Comments: It is important in rendering a term such as ‘unclean’ to avoid the implication that one is merely speaking of ‘dirty demons.’ What is important about the term ‘unclean’ is that the possession of such a spirit makes the individual ritually or ceremonially unclean. Accordingly, ‘an unclean spirit’ is equivalent in a number of languages to ‘a contaminating spirit.’
  LEXReferences: MAT 10:1, MAT 12:43, MARK 1:23, MARK 1:26, MARK 1:27, MARK 3:11, MARK 3:30, MARK 5:2, MARK 5:8, MARK 5:13, MARK 6:7, MARK 7:25, MARK 9:25, LUKE 4:36, LUKE 6:18, LUKE 8:29, LUKE 9:42, LUKE 11:24, ACTs 5:16, ACTs 8:7, REV 16:13, REV 18:2
10. LEXID: 004054001010000
  LEXIsBiblicalTerm: M
  LEXEntryCode: 12.38
  LEXIndent: 0
  LEXDomains: Supernatural Beings and Powers
  LEXSubDomains: Supernatural Beings
  LEXCollocations: πνεῦμα πονηρόν
  LEXSenses:
  1. LanguageCode: en
    LastEdited: 2021-12-28 11:41:13
    DefinitionShort: (a fixed phrase equivalent in reference to {L:πνεῦμα}[c] ‘demon,’ {D:12.37}, but with specific emphasis upon evil) a supernatural evil being
    Glosses: ['demon', 'evil spirit']
    Comments: There are a number of translational problems involved in rendering ‘evil spirits.’ In the first place, one must make certain that any characterization of ‘spirits’ as ‘wicked’ or ‘evil’ or ‘unclean’ will not be misunderstood as unduly restrictive. For example, if the term for ‘spirits’ itself indicates an evil supernatural being, then ‘evil spirits’ might suggest that there were both ‘evil demons’ as well as ‘good demons.’ The same would be true of an expression such as ‘unclean spirits.’
  LEXReferences: LUKE 7:21, LUKE 8:2, LUKE 11:26
11. LEXID: 004054001011000
  LEXIsBiblicalTerm: Y
  LEXEntryCode: 25.73
  LEXIndent: 0
  LEXDomains: Attitudes and Emotions
  LEXSubDomains: Be Eager, Be Earnest, In a Devoted Manner
  LEXCollocations: ζέω τῷ πνεύματι
  LEXSenses:
  1. LanguageCode: en
    LastEdited: 2021-12-28 11:41:13
    DefinitionShort: (an idiom, literally: to boil in the spirit) to show great eagerness toward something
    Glosses: ['to show enthusiasm', 'to commit oneself completely to']
    Comments: In some languages it may be difficult to find an appropriate equivalent of the phrase ‘with great enthusiasm,’ but in some instances an equivalent expression may be ‘he showed how much he liked to do’ or ‘he showed how he did so with all his heart.’
  LEXReferences: ACTs 18:25, ROM 12:11
12. LEXID: 004054001012000
  LEXIsBiblicalTerm: Y
  LEXEntryCode: 23.110
  LEXIndent: 0
  LEXDomains: Physiological Processes and States
  LEXSubDomains: Live, Die
  LEXCollocations: παραδίδωμι τὸ πνεῦμα
  LEXSenses:
  1. LanguageCode: en
    LastEdited: 2021-12-28 11:41:13
    DefinitionShort: (an idiom, literally: to give over the spirit) to die, with the possible implication of a willing or voluntary act
    Glosses: to die
  LEXReferences: MAT 27:50, YHN 19:30
13. LEXID: 004054001013000
  LEXIsBiblicalTerm: Y
  LEXEntryCode: 88.57
  LEXIndent: 0
  LEXDomains: Moral and Ethical Qualities and Related Behavior
  LEXSubDomains: Humility
  LEXCollocations: πτωχὸς τῷ πνεύματι
  LEXSenses:
  1. LanguageCode: en
    LastEdited: 2021-12-28 11:41:13
    DefinitionShort: (an idiom, literally: poor in spirit) pertaining to one who is humble with regard to his own capacities (in the one NT occurrence, namely, {S:04000500300010}, this humility is in relationship to God)
    Glosses: to be humble
    Comments: A literal translation of πτωχὸς τῷ πνεύματι may lead to serious misunderstanding, since ‘poor in spirit’ is likely to mean either ‘lacking in the Holy Spirit’ or ‘lacking in ambition or drive.’ In order to indicate clearly that this poverty or need is related in some way to spiritual realities, one may translate ‘happy are those who recognize their need of God.’
  LEXReferences: MAT 5:3
14. LEXID: 004054001014000
  LEXIsBiblicalTerm: Y
  LEXEntryCode: 30.76
  LEXIndent: 0
  LEXDomains: Think
  LEXSubDomains: To Decide, To Conclude
  LEXCollocations: τίθεμαι ἐν τῷ πνεύματι
  LEXSenses:
  1. LanguageCode: en
    LastEdited: 2021-12-28 11:41:13
    DefinitionShort: (an idiom, literally: to place in the mind) to engage in the process of deciding
    Glosses: ['to make up one’s mind', 'to decide']
    Comments: It is also possible to interpret the phrase ἐν τῷ πνεύματι in {S:04401902100020} as being a reference to the Holy Spirit and accordingly, the passage may be translated as ‘Paul, led by the Spirit, decided to travel through Macedonia.’
  LEXReferences: ACTs 19:21