Open Bible Data Home About News OET Key
OET OET-RV OET-LV ULT UST BSB BLB AICNT OEB WEBBE WMBB NET LSV FBV TCNT T4T LEB BBE Moff JPS Wymth ASV DRA YLT Drby RV Wbstr KJB-1769 KJB-1611 Bshps Gnva Cvdl TNT Wyc SR-GNT UHB BrLXX BrTr Related Topics Parallel Interlinear Reference Dictionary Search
OSHB Zec 13:5
אָדָם (ʼādām) ‘someone’ Strongs=120 Lemma=‘אָדָם’
Morphology=Ncmsa PoS=common_noun Gender=masculine Number=singular State=absolute
Note: These word pages enable you to click through to the Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible (OSHB) that the Open English Translation Old Testament is translated from. The OSHB is based on the Westminster Leningrad Codex (WLC). (We are still searching for a digitized facsimile of the Leningradensis manuscript that we can easily link to. See this list and this archive for now.) This is all part of the commitment of the Open English Translation team to be transparent about all levels of the Bible translation process right back to the original manuscripts.
The word form ‘אָדָם’ (Morphology=Ncmsa PoS=common_noun Gender=masculine Number=singular State=absolute) has 30 different glosses: ‘(of)_a_person’, ‘(of)_human[s]’, ‘O_humankind’, ‘[are]_a_human_being’, ‘[is]_a_man’, ‘[is]_a_person’, ‘[is]_anyone’, ‘[is]_human’, ‘[is]_humankind’, ‘a_human’, ‘a_human_being’, ‘a_man’, ‘a_person’, ‘anyone’, ‘everyone’, ‘human[s]’, ‘human_being’, ‘humankind’, ‘of_a_human’, ‘of_a_man’, ‘of_a_person’, ‘of_anyone’, ‘of_human[s]’, ‘of_humankind’, ‘of_man’, ‘of_person[s]’, ‘of_someone’, ‘person’, ‘person[s]’, ‘someone’.
GEN 1:26 ‘humankind’ OSHB GEN 1:26 word 4
GEN 5:1 ‘humankind’ OSHB GEN 5:1 word 8
GEN 5:2 ‘humankind’ OSHB GEN 5:2 word 9
GEN 16:12 ‘of_a_man’ OSHB GEN 16:12 word 4
EXO 13:13 ‘of_humankind’ OSHB EXO 13:13 word 12
EXO 13:15 ‘of_humankind’ OSHB EXO 13:15 word 13
EXO 30:32 ‘of_a_person’ OSHB EXO 30:32 word 3
LEV 1:2 ‘anyone’ OSHB LEV 1:2 word 7
LEV 5:3 ‘of_a_human’ OSHB LEV 5:3 word 5
LEV 7:21 ‘of_humankind’ OSHB LEV 7:21 word 7
LEV 13:2 ‘anyone’ OSHB LEV 13:2 word 1
LEV 16:17 ‘person’ OSHB LEV 16:17 word 2
LEV 24:17 ‘of_humankind’ OSHB LEV 24:17 word 6
LEV 24:21 ‘(of)_a_person’ OSHB LEV 24:21 word 5
NUM 9:6 ‘of_a_person’ OSHB NUM 9:6 word 7
NUM 9:7 ‘of_a_person’ OSHB NUM 9:7 word 8
NUM 19:11 ‘of_a_person’ OSHB NUM 19:11 word 5
NUM 19:14 ‘anyone’ OSHB NUM 19:14 word 3
NUM 19:16 ‘of_a_human’ OSHB NUM 19:16 word 13
NUM 23:19 ‘of_humankind’ OSHB NUM 23:19 word 6
NUM 31:35 ‘of_humankind’ OSHB NUM 31:35 word 2
NUM 31:40 ‘of_humankind’ OSHB NUM 31:40 word 2
NUM 31:46 ‘of_humankind’ OSHB NUM 31:46 word 2
DEU 4:28 ‘of_humankind’ OSHB DEU 4:28 word 6
DEU 4:32 ‘humankind’ OSHB DEU 4:32 word 14
DEU 32:8 ‘of_humankind’ OSHB DEU 32:8 word 6
JDG 18:7 ‘anyone’ OSHB JDG 18:7 word 30
JDG 18:28 ‘anyone’ OSHB JDG 18:28 word 11
1SA 15:29 ‘[is]_a_man’ OSHB 1SA 15:29 word 10
1SA 17:32 ‘of_anyone’ OSHB 1SA 17:32 word 8
1SA 24:10 ‘of_someone’ OSHB 1SA 24:10 word 8
1SA 25:29 ‘a_man’ OSHB 1SA 25:29 word 2
2SA 7:14 ‘of_humankind’ OSHB 2SA 7:14 word 16
2SA 24:14 ‘of_a_human’ OSHB 2SA 24:14 word 16
1KI 8:46 ‘anyone’ OSHB 1KI 8:46 word 6
1KI 13:2 ‘of_humankind’ OSHB 1KI 13:2 word 27
2KI 7:10 ‘of_anyone’ OSHB 2KI 7:10 word 18
2KI 19:18 ‘of_humankind’ OSHB 2KI 19:18 word 13
2KI 23:14 ‘of_humankind’ OSHB 2KI 23:14 word 11
2KI 23:20 ‘of_humankind’ OSHB 2KI 23:20 word 13
1CH 5:21 ‘of_humankind’ OSHB 1CH 5:21 word 13
1CH 21:13 ‘of_a_human’ OSHB 1CH 21:13 word 17
2CH 6:36 ‘anyone’ OSHB 2CH 6:36 word 6
NEH 2:10 ‘someone’ OSHB NEH 2:10 word 13
NEH 9:29 ‘anyone’ OSHB NEH 9:29 word 16
JOB 5:7 ‘everyone’ OSHB JOB 5:7 word 2
JOB 11:12 ‘a_human_being’ OSHB JOB 11:12 word 6
JOB 14:1 ‘a_human_being’ OSHB JOB 14:1 word 1
JOB 14:10 ‘a_person’ OSHB JOB 14:10 word 5
JOB 15:7 ‘human_being’ OSHB JOB 15:7 word 2
The various word forms of the root word (lemma) ‘Lemma=‘אָדָם’’ have 32 different glosses: ‘(of)_a_person’, ‘(of)_human[s]’, ‘Adam’, ‘O_humankind’, ‘[are]_a_human_being’, ‘[is]_a_man’, ‘[is]_a_person’, ‘[is]_anyone’, ‘[is]_human’, ‘[is]_humankind’, ‘a_human’, ‘a_human_being’, ‘a_man’, ‘a_person’, ‘anyone’, ‘everyone’, ‘human[s]’, ‘human_being’, ‘humankind’, ‘of_Adam’, ‘of_a_human’, ‘of_a_man’, ‘of_a_person’, ‘of_anyone’, ‘of_human[s]’, ‘of_humankind’, ‘of_man’, ‘of_person[s]’, ‘of_someone’, ‘person’, ‘person[s]’, ‘someone’.
Have 96 other words with 58 lemmas altogether (Lemma=‘בָּעַר’, Lemma=‘בּוֹא’, Lemma=‘דָּאָה’, Lemma=‘גָּלָה’, Lemma=‘גָּזַר’, Lemma=‘הָפַךְ’, Lemma=‘כּוּן’, Lemma=‘מָלֵא’, Lemma=‘מָשַׁח’, Lemma=‘מָאַס’, Lemma=‘מָחָה’, Lemma=‘מוּת’, Lemma=‘נָפַל’, Lemma=‘נָגַד’, Lemma=‘נָשַׁךְ’, Lemma=‘נָשָׂא’, Lemma=‘נָתַן’, Lemma=‘נָתַץ’, Lemma=‘נָחַם’, Lemma=‘פָּקַד’, Lemma=‘פָּרַר’, Lemma=‘קָרַב’, Lemma=‘קָרָא’, Lemma=‘קָצַר’, Lemma=‘רָדַף’, Lemma=‘רָצַח’, Lemma=‘רֵעַ’, Lemma=‘שָׁלַךְ’, Lemma=‘שָׁקַד’, Lemma=‘שָׁקַק’, Lemma=‘שָׁאַל’, Lemma=‘שָׁחַט’, Lemma=‘שָׁבַר’, Lemma=‘שִׁית’, Lemma=‘שׂוּם’, Lemma=‘יָלַד’, Lemma=‘יָצָא’, Lemma=‘יְרוּשָׁלִַ͏ם’, Lemma=‘זָכַר’, Lemma=‘זָרָה’, Lemma=‘סָפַק’, Lemma=‘צָוָה’, Lemma=‘צוּק’, Lemma=‘אָמַר’, Lemma=‘אִישׁ’, Lemma=‘עֹפֶרֶת’, Lemma=‘עָלָה’, Lemma=‘עָמֹק’, Lemma=‘עָשָׂה’, Lemma=‘חָפֵץ’, Lemma=‘חָלַל’, Lemmas=‘בְּ’, ‘בְּכִי’, Lemmas=‘בְּ’, ‘נֶפֶשׁ’, Lemmas=‘בְּ’, ‘יָד’, Lemmas=‘בְּ’, ‘אִישׁ’, Lemmas=‘כְּ’, ‘כַּאֲשֶׁר’, Lemmas=‘לְ’, ‘אׇחֳרָן’, Lemmas=‘לְ’, ‘אֲשֶׁר’)
GEN 11:9 קָרָא (qārāʼ) Lemma=‘קָרָא’ ‘someone_called’ OSHB GEN 11:9 word 3
GEN 16:14 קָרָא (qārāʼ) Lemma=‘קָרָא’ ‘someone_called’ OSHB GEN 16:14 word 3
GEN 19:22 קָרָא (qārāʼ) Lemma=‘קָרָא’ ‘someone_called’ OSHB GEN 19:22 word 14
GEN 25:30 קָרָא (qārāʼ) Lemma=‘קָרָא’ ‘someone_called’ OSHB GEN 25:30 word 16
GEN 27:36 קָרָא (qārāʼ) Lemma=‘קָרָא’ ‘did_someone_call’ OSHB GEN 27:36 word 3
GEN 50:11 קָרָא (qārāʼ) Lemma=‘קָרָא’ ‘someone_called’ OSHB GEN 50:11 word 16
EXO 4:13 בְּיַד (bəyad) Lemmas=‘בְּ’, ‘יָד’ ‘in/on/at/with,someone_else’ OSHB EXO 4:13 word 6
EXO 15:23 קָרָא (qārāʼ) Lemma=‘קָרָא’ ‘someone_called’ OSHB EXO 15:23 word 13
EXO 25:39 יַעֲשֶׂה (yaˊₐseh) Lemma=‘עָשָׂה’ ‘someone_will_make’ OSHB EXO 25:39 word 4
EXO 26:31 יַעֲשֶׂה (yaˊₐseh) Lemma=‘עָשָׂה’ ‘someone_will_make’ OSHB EXO 26:31 word 11
LEV 4:24 יִשְׁחַט (yishḩaţ) Lemma=‘שָׁחַט’ ‘someone_cuts_the_throat_of’ OSHB LEV 4:24 word 10
LEV 4:33 יִשְׁחַט (yishḩaţ) Lemma=‘שָׁחַט’ ‘someone_cuts_the_throat_of’ OSHB LEV 4:33 word 12
LEV 5:26 יַעֲשֶׂה (yaˊₐseh) Lemma=‘עָשָׂה’ ‘someone_will_do’ OSHB LEV 5:26 word 12
LEV 7:11 יַקְרִיב (yaqrīⱱ) Lemma=‘קָרַב’ ‘someone_will_present’ OSHB LEV 7:11 word 6
LEV 8:34 עָשָׂה (ˊāsāh) Lemma=‘עָשָׂה’ ‘someone_has_done’ OSHB LEV 8:34 word 2
LEV 14:13 יִשְׁחַט (yishḩaţ) Lemma=‘שָׁחַט’ ‘someone_cuts_the_throat_of’ OSHB LEV 14:13 word 6
LEV 16:27 יוֹצִיא (yōʦīʼ) Lemma=‘יָצָא’ ‘someone_will_bring_out’ OSHB LEV 16:27 word 13
LEV 16:32 יִמְשַׁח (yimshaḩ) Lemma=‘מָשַׁח’ ‘someone_will_anoint’ OSHB LEV 16:32 word 4
LEV 16:32 יְמַלֵּא (yəmallēʼ) Lemma=‘מָלֵא’ ‘someone_will_fill’ OSHB LEV 16:32 word 7
LEV 27:9 יִתֵּן (yittēn) Lemma=‘נָתַן’ ‘someone_will_give’ OSHB LEV 27:9 word 10
NUM 4:49 פָּקַד (pāqad) Lemma=‘פָּקַד’ ‘someone_enrolled’ OSHB NUM 4:49 word 4
NUM 6:13 יָבִיא (yāⱱīʼ) Lemma=‘בּוֹא’ ‘someone_will_bring’ OSHB NUM 6:13 word 8
NUM 13:24 קָרָא (qārāʼ) Lemma=‘קָרָא’ ‘someone_called’ OSHB NUM 13:24 word 3
NUM 26:59 יָלְדָה (yālədāh) Lemma=‘יָלַד’ ‘someone_bore’ OSHB NUM 26:59 word 8
NUM 35:17 יָמוּת (yāmūt) Lemma=‘מוּת’ ‘someone_will_die’ OSHB NUM 35:17 word 5
NUM 35:18 יָמוּת (yāmūt) Lemma=‘מוּת’ ‘someone_will_die’ OSHB NUM 35:18 word 6
NUM 35:23 יָמוּת (yāmūt) Lemma=‘מוּת’ ‘someone_will_die’ OSHB NUM 35:23 word 5
NUM 35:25 מָשַׁח (māshaḩ) Lemma=‘מָשַׁח’ ‘someone_had_anointed’ OSHB NUM 35:25 word 24
NUM 35:30 יִרְצַח (yirʦaḩ) Lemma=‘רָצַח’ ‘someone_will_kill’ OSHB NUM 35:30 word 6
DEU 15:2 קָרָא (qārāʼ) Lemma=‘קָרָא’ ‘someone_has_proclaimed’ OSHB DEU 15:2 word 19
DEU 19:16 בְּאִישׁ (bəʼīsh) Lemmas=‘בְּ’, ‘אִישׁ’ ‘in/on/at/with,someone’ OSHB DEU 19:16 word 5
DEU 22:26 אִישׁ (ʼīsh) Lemmas=‘כְּ’, ‘כַּאֲשֶׁר’ ‘someone’ OSHB DEU 22:26 word 12
DEU 23:20 יִשָּׁךְ (yishshāk) Lemma=‘נָשַׁךְ’ ‘someone_will_pay_interest’ OSHB DEU 23:20 word 12
JOS 7:26 קָרָא (qārāʼ) Lemma=‘קָרָא’ ‘someone_called’ OSHB JOS 7:26 word 15
JOS 15:13 נָתַן (nātan) Lemma=‘נָתַן’ ‘someone_gave’ OSHB JOS 15:13 word 4
JDG 6:31 נָתַץ (nātaʦ) Lemma=‘נָתַץ’ ‘someone_has_torn_down’ OSHB JDG 6:31 word 26
1SA 2:20 שָׁאַל (shāʼal) Lemma=‘שָׁאַל’ ‘someone_asked’ OSHB 1SA 2:20 word 18
1SA 23:22 אָמַר (ʼāmar) Lemma=‘אָמַר’ ‘someone_has_said’ OSHB 1SA 23:22 word 16
1SA 26:20 יִרְדֹּף (yirdof) Lemma=‘רָדַף’ ‘someone_pursues’ OSHB 1SA 26:20 word 18
2SA 15:31 הִגִּיד (higgīd) Lemma=‘נָגַד’ ‘someone_told’ OSHB 2SA 15:31 word 2
1KI 1:6 יָלְדָה (yālədāh) Lemma=‘יָלַד’ ‘someone_bore’ OSHB 1KI 1:6 word 15
1KI 14:10 יְבַעֵר (yəⱱaˊēr) Lemma=‘בָּעַר’ ‘someone_sweeps_away’ OSHB 1KI 14:10 word 20
1KI 18:26 נָתַן (nātan) Lemma=‘נָתַן’ ‘someone_gave’ OSHB 1KI 18:26 word 5
2KI 21:13 יִמְחֶה (yimḩeh) Lemma=‘מָחָה’ ‘someone_wipes_clean’ OSHB 2KI 21:13 word 15
2CH 24:11 יָבִיא (yāⱱīʼ) Lemma=‘בּוֹא’ ‘[when]_someone_brought’ OSHB 2CH 24:11 word 3
NEH 5:14 צִוָּה (ʦiūāh) Lemma=‘צָוָה’ ‘someone_appointed’ OSHB NEH 5:14 word 4
NEH 7:3 אִישׁ (ʼīsh) Lemma=‘יְרוּשָׁלִַ͏ם’ ‘someone’ OSHB NEH 7:3 word 20
EST 3:7 הִפִּיל (hipīl) Lemma=‘נָפַל’ ‘someone_cast’ OSHB EST 3:7 word 11
JOB 3:20 יִתֵּן (yittēn) Lemma=‘נָתַן’ ‘does_someone_give’ OSHB JOB 3:20 word 2
JOB 9:3 יַחְפֹּץ (yaḩpoʦ) Lemma=‘חָפֵץ’ ‘someone_desires’ OSHB JOB 9:3 word 2
JOB 21:32 יִשְׁקוֹד (yishqōd) Lemma=‘שָׁקַד’ ‘someone_will_keep_watch’ OSHB JOB 21:32 word 6
JOB 27:23 יִשְׂפֹּק (yispoq) Lemma=‘סָפַק’ ‘someone_will_clap’ OSHB JOB 27:23 word 1
JOB 28:2 יָצוּק (yāʦūq) Lemma=‘צוּק’ ‘someone_pours_out’ OSHB JOB 28:2 word 5
JOB 28:3 שָׂם (sām) Lemma=‘שׂוּם’ ‘someone_puts’ OSHB JOB 28:3 word 2
JOB 29:25 יְנַחֵם (yənaḩēm) Lemma=‘נָחַם’ ‘someone_comforts’ OSHB JOB 29:25 word 10
JOB 38:11 יָשִׁית (yāshīt) Lemma=‘שִׁית’ ‘someone_will_fix’ OSHB JOB 38:11 word 8
PSA 41:7 בָּא (bāʼ) Lemma=‘בּוֹא’ ‘someone_came’ OSHB PSA 41:7 word 2
PSA 109:22 חָלַל (ḩālal) Lemma=‘חָלַל’ ‘someone_has_pierced’ OSHB PSA 109:22 word 6
PRO 10:24 יִתֵּן (yittēn) Lemma=‘נָתַן’ ‘someone_will_give’ OSHB PRO 10:24 word 7
PRO 12:7 הָפוֹךְ (hāfōk) Lemma=‘הָפַךְ’ ‘[someone]_overthrows’ OSHB PRO 12:7 word 1
PRO 23:7 בְּנַפְשׁוֹ (bənafshō) Lemmas=‘בְּ’, ‘נֶפֶשׁ’ ‘in/on/at/with,throat,someone’ OSHB PRO 23:7 word 4
ISA 8:4 יִשָּׂא (yissāʼ) Lemma=‘נָשָׂא’ ‘someone_will_carry_off’ OSHB ISA 8:4 word 8
ISA 17:5 יִקְצוֹר (yiqʦōr) Lemma=‘קָצַר’ ‘someone_will_reap’ OSHB ISA 17:5 word 7
ISA 19:17 יַזְכִּיר (yazkīr) Lemma=‘זָכַר’ ‘someone_will_bring_to_remembrance’ OSHB ISA 19:17 word 8
ISA 21:1 בָּא (bāʼ) Lemma=‘בּוֹא’ ‘[someone_is]_coming’ OSHB ISA 21:1 word 8
ISA 21:9 שִׁבַּר (shibar) Lemma=‘שָׁבַר’ ‘someone_has_broken’ OSHB ISA 21:9 word 16
ISA 21:11 קֹרֵא (qorēʼ) Lemma=‘קָרָא’ ‘[someone_is]_calling’ OSHB ISA 21:11 word 4
ISA 27:3 יִפְקֹד (yifqod) Lemma=‘פָּקַד’ ‘someone_should_injure’ OSHB ISA 27:3 word 7
ISA 30:24 זֹרֶה (zoreh) Lemma=‘זָרָה’ ‘[someone_has_been]_winnowing’ OSHB ISA 30:24 word 9
ISA 30:33 הֶעְמִיק (heˊmīq) Lemma=‘כּוּן’ ‘someone_has_made_[it]_deep’ OSHB ISA 30:33 word 9
ISA 30:33 הִרְחִב (hirḩiⱱ) Lemma=‘עָמֹק’ ‘someone_has_made_[it]_large’ OSHB ISA 30:33 word 10
ISA 33:4 שׁוֹקֵק (shōqēq) Lemma=‘שָׁקַק’ ‘[someone_will_be]_rushing’ OSHB ISA 33:4 word 7
ISA 33:8 הֵפֵר (hēfēr) Lemma=‘פָּרַר’ ‘someone_has_broken’ OSHB ISA 33:8 word 6
ISA 33:8 מָאַס (māʼaş) Lemma=‘מָאַס’ ‘someone_has_rejected’ OSHB ISA 33:8 word 8
JER 6:29 צָרַף (ʦāraf) Lemma=‘עֹפֶרֶת’ ‘someone_has_refined’ OSHB JER 6:29 word 6
JER 9:7 יְדַבֵּר (yədabēr) Lemma=‘רֵעַ’ ‘someone_speaks’ OSHB JER 9:7 word 10
JER 19:11 יִשְׁבֹּר (yishbor) Lemma=‘שָׁבַר’ ‘someone_breaks’ OSHB JER 19:11 word 16
JER 48:5 יַֽעֲלֶה (yaˊₐleh) Lemmas=‘בְּ’, ‘בְּכִי’ ‘someone_will_ascend’ OSHB JER 48:5 word 5
JER 48:15 עָלָה (ˊālāh) Lemma=‘עָלָה’ ‘someone_will_go_up’ OSHB JER 48:15 word 4
JER 48:40 יִדְאֶה (yidʼeh) Lemma=‘דָּאָה’ ‘someone_will_swoop_down’ OSHB JER 48:40 word 7
JER 49:22 יַעֲלֶה (yaˊₐleh) Lemma=‘עָלָה’ ‘someone_will_ascend’ OSHB JER 49:22 word 3
EZE 22:10 גִּלָּה (gillāh) Lemma=‘גָּלָה’ ‘someone_has_uncovered’ OSHB EZE 22:10 word 3
EZE 41:7 יַעֲלֶה (yaˊₐleh) Lemma=‘עָלָה’ ‘someone_will_ascend’ OSHB EZE 41:7 word 21
DAN 5:17 לְאָחֳרָן (ləʼāḩₒrān) Lemmas=‘לְ’, ‘אׇחֳרָן’ ‘to,someone_else’ OSHB DAN 5:17 word 11
HOS 10:15 עָשָׂה (ˊāsāh) Lemma=‘עָשָׂה’ ‘someone_will_do’ OSHB HOS 10:15 word 2
AMOS 5:19 אִישׁ (ʼīsh) Lemma=‘אִישׁ’ ‘someone’ OSHB AMOS 5:19 word 3
AMOS 6:10 לַאֲשֶׁר (laʼₐsher) Lemmas=‘לְ’, ‘אֲשֶׁר’ ‘to,someone’ OSHB AMOS 6:10 word 9
AMOS 8:3 הִשְׁלִיךְ (hishlīk) Lemma=‘שָׁלַךְ’ ‘someone_will_throw’ OSHB AMOS 8:3 word 13
MIC 2:4 יִשָּׂא (yissāʼ) Lemma=‘נָשָׂא’ ‘someone_will_lift_up’ OSHB MIC 2:4 word 3
MIC 4:14 שָׂם (sām) Lemma=‘שׂוּם’ ‘someone_has_set’ OSHB MIC 4:14 word 6
MIC 5:1 יֵצֵא (yēʦēʼ) Lemma=‘יָצָא’ ‘someone_will_go_out’ OSHB MIC 5:1 word 11
MIC 7:12 יָבוֹא (yāⱱōʼ) Lemma=‘בּוֹא’ ‘someone_will_come’ OSHB MIC 7:12 word 4
HAB 3:17 גָּזַר (gāzar) Lemma=‘גָּזַר’ ‘someone_cuts_off’ OSHB HAB 3:17 word 15
HAG 2:12 אִישׁ (ʼīsh) Lemma=‘אִישׁ’ ‘someone’ OSHB HAG 2:12 word 3
HAG 2:16 בָּא (bāʼ) Lemma=‘בּוֹא’ ‘someone_came’ OSHB HAG 2:16 word 2
HAG 2:16 בָּא (bāʼ) Lemma=‘בּוֹא’ ‘someone_came’ OSHB HAG 2:16 word 8