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LEB GENEXOLEVNUMDEUJOSJDGRUTH1SA2SA1KI2KI1CH2CHEZRANEHESTJOBPSAPROECCSNGISAJERLAMEZEDANHOSJOELAMOSOBAYNAMICNAHHABZEPHAGZECMALMATMARKLUKEYHNACTsROM1COR2CORGALEPHPHPCOL1TH2TH1TIM2TIMTITPHMHEBYAC1PET2PET1YHN2YHN3YHNYUDREV

LEB PSA

The Ways of the Righteous and the Wicked

The Messiah’s Reign

A Call to Yahweh in Distress

Safety in Yahweh

A Prayer for Guidance and Protection

An Appeal for Forgiveness and Deliverance

Prayer for Deliverance from Enemies

Yahweh’s Glory in Creation

Praise for Yahweh’s Justice

A Prayer for God to Throw down the Wicked

Confidence in Yahweh’s Righteousness

Human Faithlessness and God’s Faithfulness

Trust in the Salvation of Yahweh

The Folly of the Godless and God’s Final Triumph

A Description of Those Who May Dwell with Yahweh

Confidence in Yahweh

Prayer for Vindication and Protection

Praise to God for His Deliverance

Yahweh’s Creation and Law

God’s Blessing on the King

Joy in the Salvation of Yahweh

Suffering and Waiting for Deliverance

Yahweh the Shepherd

The King of Glory

A Prayer for Guidance, Deliverance, and Forgiveness

A Prayer for Vindication

A Declaration of Trust

A Prayer for Help, and Joy in Its Answer

Praise to God for His Glory and Strength

Thanksgiving for Answered Prayer

Yahweh Is a Fortress

Thanksgiving for Forgiveness of Sins

Praise to Yahweh for His Character and Creation

Thanksgiving for Yahweh’s Deliverance

A Prayer for Rescue from Enemies

Human Wickedness and God’s Love

The Protection of the Righteous and the Destruction of the Wicked

A Prayer of Repentance

The Brevity of Human Life

God’s Faithfulness and Deliverance

Thanksgiving for God’s Provision in Time of Sickness

Hope in God in the Midst of Despair

A Prayer for Rescue

Present Defeat and Past Deliverance

Celebration of a Royal Wedding

God Provides for and Protects His People

God Is King over All the Earth

The Greatness of God in Zion

Wealth and the Fate of the Wicked

An Oracle Concerning Sacrifices

A Prayer of Repentance and Plea for Mercy

God’s Judgment on the Wicked and Love for the Faithful

The Folly of the Godless and Salvation for Israel

Answered Prayer for Deliverance from Adversaries

Betrayal of a Friend and Trust in God

Prayer for Deliverance and Confidence in God

Prayer for Rescue from Enemies

Judgment on the Wicked

A Prayer for Protection

A Lament After a Defeat and a Prayer for Restoration

Confidence in God’s Protection

Confidence in God’s Salvation

Longing for God

A Plea for Divine Retribution

Thanksgiving for God’s Provision

Thanksgiving to God for His Works

A Prayer of Blessing

Praise to God for Providing Victory

A Plea for Deliverance from Persecution

A Prayer for Deliverance from Enemies

A Prayer to God the Rock of Refuge

A Prayer for the Prosperity of God’s Anointed King

The Wicked and the Righteous Contrasted

A Lament in Time of National Defeat

Thanksgiving for God’s Future Help

Praise to God for His Rescue of Israel

Remembering God’s Help for Israel

God’s Faithfulness in Israel’s History

A Lament for Jerusalem after Its Destruction

A Prayer to Restore Israel

An Appeal from God to Israel

God Commands Justice

A Request to Act against Israel’s Neighbors

The Joy of Worshiping in the Temple

Hope in God’s Future Help

A Prayer for Help against Ruthless Men

Foreign Nations Come to Worship in Jerusalem

A Prayer for Help in Despair

Remembering the Covenant with David, and Sorrow for Lost Blessings

God’s Eternity and Human Frailty

God’s Protection in Times of Crisis

Thanksgiving to Yahweh for Victory

Yahweh Is King Over All the Earth

A Prayer for Retribution against Oppressors

A Call to Worship and Obey

Yahweh the King Comes in Judgment

Yahweh’s Glorious Reign

Praise to Yahweh for His Salvation and Judgment

Yahweh Is a Holy King

Worship God with Joy

A Promise to Act with Integrity

A Plea for Personal and National Help

Thanksgiving for Yahweh’s Compassion

Praise to Yahweh for His Creation and Providence

Praise to Yahweh for His Work on Behalf of Israel

Praise to Yahweh for His Faithfulness in Israel’s History

Thanksgiving to Yahweh for His of Deliverance

Prayer to Yahweh for Victory over Enemies

A Prayer for Help against Enemies

Yahweh Gives Authority to His Messiah

Praise to God for His Work and Commands

The Path of the Righteous and the Path of the Wicked

God’s Majesty and Care for the Needy

Praise to God for His Works During the Exodus

Dead Idols and the Living God

Thanksgiving for God’s Deliverance

Let All Peoples Praise Yahweh

Praise to God for His Loyal Love

Aleph[fn]

Beth

Gimel

Daleth

Heʼ

Waw

Zayin

Heth

Teth

Yod

Kaph

Lamed

Mem

Nun

Samek

ʽAyin

Pe

Tsade

Qoph

Resh

Sin/Shin

Taw

Prayer for Deliverance from Enemies

Trust in God’s Protection

Jerusalem the Site of God’s Presence

Prayer for Yahweh’s Action in the Face of Scorn

Thanksgiving for Yahweh’s Help

Confidence in Yahweh’s Protection

A Prayer for Restoration

A Prayer for Protection and Prosperity

Blessed Is Everyone Who Fears Yahweh

Victory Over the Enemies of Zion

Hope for the Redemption of Yahweh

Calm Trust in Yahweh

Yahweh Dwells in Zion

The People of God Dwell in Unity

Praising Yahweh in the Temple at Night

Praise to God for His Power and Redemption

Praise to God for His Creation and Deliverance

Lament During the Babylonian Exile

Thanksgiving for Yahweh’s Goodness

The Knowledge of God

Prayer for Help in the Face of Enemies

Prayer for God’s Help in Maintaining Integrity

A Prayer for Deliverance from Pursuers

A Prayer for Rescue from Enemies

A Prayer for National Safety

A Song of God’s Majesty and Love

Praise to Yahweh for His Help

Praise to Yahweh for His Providence

Let All Creation Praise Yahweh

Praise to God for His Future Judgment

Let Everything Praise Yahweh


?:? Plural

?:? Or “muttering”

?:? Or “an empty thing”

?:? Or “make themselves firm”

?:? Or “in”

?:? Meaning uncertain; probably a musical or liturgical direction

?:? Or “And”

?:? Literally “the hill of his holiness”

?:? Or “vindication”

?:? Literally “make wide for me”

?:? Or “glory”

?:? Or “falsehood”

?:? Or “treated specially”

?:? Or “pious, godly one”

?:? That is, “think it over”

?:? Or “right sacrifices”

?:? Literally “trust to”

?:? Or “upon”

?:? Literally “the time of”

?:? Literally “together”

?:? Or “murmuring”

?:? Or “cry for help”

?:? Or “present”

?:? Or “look expectantly”

?:? Or “takes delight in”

?:? Or “in front of”

?:? Hebrew “lie”

?:? Literally “a man of bloods”

?:? Literally “And I”

?:? Or “covenant love”

?:? Or “temple”

?:? Or “I will worship”

?:? Literally “the temple of your holiness”

?:? Hebrew “destructions”

?:? Or “flattery; smooth words”

?:? Or “perpetually”

?:? Literally “and”

?:? Or “So that those”

?:? Hebrew “the”

?:? The Hebrew Bible counts the superscription as the first verse of the psalm; the English verse number is reduced by one

?:? Or “my soul”; same word as in v. 3

?:? Or “loyal love”

?:? Literally “I make my bed float”

?:? Literally “I cause to melt”

?:? The Hebrew Bible counts the superscription as the first verse of the psalm; the English verse number is reduced by one

?:? Literally “one being at peace with me”

?:? Or “outbursts”

?:? Or “righteousness”

?:? That is, a person

?:? That is, God

?:? Literally “prepared”

?:? That is, the wicked

?:? Or “conceives”

?:? Or “ordained”

?:? Or “than God”

?:? Or “who dwells”

?:? Literally “seeks bloods”

?:? Hebrew musical term

?:? Hebrew “human”

?:? Or “shut your eyes”

?:? Or “pursues”

?:? Literally “soul”

?:? Literally “According to the height of his nose”

?:? According to the reading tradition (Qere)

?:? Hebrew “time”

?:? Literally “for a generation and a generation”

?:? Literally “lie hid”

?:? Literally “in the secret places”

?:? Or “and he the wicked stoops”

?:? Or “he the wicked crouches”

?:? Or “and”

?:? According to the reading tradition (Qere)

?:? Literally “mighty ones”

?:? Literally “cause your ear to hear”

?:? Literally “tread the bow,” that is, placing the foot on the bow to bend and string it

?:? Or “what has the righteous done”

?:? According to Symmachus (compare also Targum Psalms) a form slightly different from the MT’s “snares”

?:? Literally “each with his companion”

?:? Literally “a heart and a heart”

?:? Hebrew “he”

?:? Or “us”

?:? Hebrew pl.; with a slight modification of the Hebrew this reads “set pains”

?:? Literally “Look”

?:? Or, “loyal love”

?:? In the Hebrew Bible, the previous verse continues

?:? Literally “they feared a fear”

?:? Or “but”

?:? Literally “Who will give that from Zion”

?:? Literally “lift up”

?:? Reading a feminine singular verb; some Hebrew manuscripts and translations read “I said”

?:? Or “they who acquire”

?:? Literally “kidneys”

?:? Hebrew “word”

?:? Or “saving by your right hand those”

?:? Literally “the little man of the daughter of your eye”

?:? Literally “face”

?:? Or “fat”

?:? Literally “set their eyes”

?:? Literally “to stretch”

?:? Literally “His image”

?:? Literally “his face”

?:? Literally “the life”

?:? Literally “on the day”

?:? The Hebrew Bible counts the superscription as the first verse of the psalm; the English verse number is reduced by one

?:? Literally “clouds of clouds”

?:? That is, the enemy

?:? Or “breath”

?:? Or “sent”

?:? Hebrew “The”

?:? Or “refined”

?:? Or “blameless”

?:? Literally “turned to me my enemies’ neck”

?:? Literally “on the face of the wind”

?:? Many Hebrew manuscripts, the LXX, Syriac, and 2 Sam 22:43 read “I crushed them”

?:? Literally “hearing of ear”

?:? Literally “sunk down”

?:? Literally “day to day”

?:? Literally “night to night”

?:? LXX “line”

?:? That is, the heavens

?:? Hebrew “the”

?:? Hebrew “ends”

?:? Or “soul”

?:? Or “illumined”

?:? Usage elsewhere might suggest “arrogant people”

?:? The sense is that of making something inaccessibly high, like a fortress

?:? Hebrew “your help”

?:? Literally “find to be fat”

?:? Literally “according to your heart”

?:? Hebrew “messiah”

?:? Literally “These in the chariots and those in the horses”

?:? Or “Grant victory”

?:? Or “victory”

?:? Or “victory”

?:? Or “loyal love”

?:? Literally “fruit”

?:? Literally “seed”

?:? Literally “spread out”

?:? Literally “make them a shoulder”

?:? Or “I am not silent”

?:? Or “fathers”

?:? Literally “Commit to Yahweh”

?:? Literally “in the midst of my intestines”

?:? Or “they gouge out” or “they bind.” Not the same word for “lion” found in vv. 14(13), 22(21). The Hebrew text presents such problems that any interpretation must be lightly held.

?:? Hebrew “lot”

?:? Hebrew “dog”

?:? Plural

?:? Or “prosperous”; Literally “fat ones”

?:? Hebrew “Descendant”

?:? Or “righteousness”

?:? Or “my soul”

?:? Literally “paths of righteousness”

?:? Hebrew “return”

?:? Or “temple”

?:? Literally “for length of days”

?:? Or “vindication”

?:? According to the reading tradition (Qere)

?:? Literally “the king of the glory”

?:? Literally “the king of the glory”

?:? Literally “the king of the glory”

?:? Literally “the king of the glory”

?:? Literally “the king of the glory”

?:? Literally “all of the day”

?:? Or “covenant statutes”

?:? Or “take away”

?:? Literally “kidneys,” the locus of intense thoughts and emotions in biblical Hebrew

?:? Literally “heart”

?:? Or “temple”

?:? Literally “the place of the dwelling place of your glory”

?:? Or “gather my soul for judgment”

?:? Hebrew “bribe”

?:? Or “temple”

?:? Or “inquire in”

?:? Or “and each a witness of violence”

?:? Hebrew text is uncertain

?:? Or “heavenly beings”

?:? Literally “of”

?:? Or “divides”

?:? A slightly different Hebrew word here yields, “makes the oaks tremble”

?:? According to the Kethib; the reading tradition (Qere) reads “so I would not go down”

?:? Literally “to the fame of his holiness”

?:? Literally “blood”

?:? Literally “my glory”

?:? Literally “a house of strongholds”

?:? Or “God of truth”

?:? Or “soul”

?:? Literally “belly”

?:? Literally “heart”

?:? Or “destiny”

?:? Or “let them with wailing enter ”

?:? Or “the innocent one”

?:? Plural

?:? Yahweh is speaking in vv. 8–9

?:? Literally “he, he spoke”

?:? Literally “He, he commanded”

?:? Or “breaks”

?:? Or “nullifies”

?:? Literally “to a generation and a generation”

?:? Or “the place where he sits enthroned”

?:? Or “wait expectantly”

?:? Literally “as which”

?:? The Hebrew Bible counts the superscription as the first verse of the psalm; the English verse number is reduced by one

?:? Or “and let not their faces be ashamed”

?:? Or “holy ones”

?:? That is, the righteous

?:? Literally “pushing”

?:? Literally “ruin he does not know”

?:? Literally “upon my lap it will return”

?:? Literally “walked about”

?:? With a slight change the Hebrew might read, “The ungodly boldly mocked”

?:? Or “roaring”

?:? Or “those who oppose me with falsehood”

?:? Hebrew “mouth”

?:? Hebrew “heart”

?:? Reading with a few Hebrew manuscripts and some versions; MT reads “my”

?:? Or “when finding his iniquity and when hating”

?:? Literally “like the mountains of God”

?:? Literally “fatness”

?:? Or “temple”

?:? That is, God’s faithfulness

?:? Literally “Roll upon”

?:? Or “But”

?:? Hebrew “time”

?:? Literally “searching”

?:? Dead Sea Scrolls and the versions read “I passed by”

?:? Some manuscripts omit “and,” preserving the acrostic

?:? Or “vigorous”

?:? Or “those who hate me with falsehood”

?:? Literally “from sinning”

?:? Literally “image”

?:? Hebrew “and/then you”

?:? Literally “cause to melt”

?:? The word translated “vanity” in vv. 6, 7

?:? Or “stranger”

?:? Or “fathers”

?:? Some read “pit of destruction”

?:? Or “false god”

?:? Literally “Ears you have dug for me.”

?:? Literally “in the midst of my intestines”

?:? Literally “you, you know”

?:? Or “soul”

?:? Hebrew “soul”

?:? Literally “his every bed you change”

?:? Or “my soul”

?:? Literally “evil”

?:? Literally “the man of my peace”

?:? Some Hebrew manuscripts and versions read “and see the face of God?”

?:? Or “temple”

?:? Literally “bowed down”

?:? Literally “bowed down”

?:? Or “to”

?:? Literally “all the day”

?:? Literally “bowed down”

?:? Literally “the salvation of my face”

?:? Or “because of”

?:? Or “disloyal”

?:? Or “let them lead”

?:? Literally “the mountain of your holiness”

?:? Or “And”

?:? Literally “the joy of my gladness”

?:? Literally “bowed down”

?:? Hebrew “the salvation of my face”

?:? Or “fathers”

?:? That is, Israel

?:? That is, Israel

?:? Or “who commands,” see LXX

?:? Or “made us victorious over our enemies”

?:? Literally “for what is not wealth”

?:? Literally “All of the day”

?:? Literally “all of the day”

?:? Literally “belly”

?:? The Hebrew Bible counts the superscription as the first verse of the psalm; the English verse number is reduced by one

?:? Literally “works,” that is, the song he has composed

?:? Literally “Succeed! Ride!”

?:? Literally “see”

?:? Or “Should the king desire … then bow down …”

?:? Hebrew “and”

?:? Literally “face”

?:? That is, within her bridal chamber

?:? The pronouns and verbal forms are masculine in this verse

?:? Or “earth”

?:? The Hebrew Bible counts the superscription as the first verse of the psalm; the English verse number is reduced by one

?:? Literally “heart”

?:? Literally “at the turning of the morning”

?:? Hebrew “hand”

?:? Or “to be feared”

?:? Or “sing a maskil”

?:? Literally “mountain of holiness”

?:? Literally “the mountain of Zion”

?:? Literally “far of north”; the word translated “north” could refer to Mount Zaphon

?:? That is, preparing for battle

?:? Literally “They, they saw”

?:? A few Hebrew manuscripts read “like an east wind that shatters”

?:? That is, ships that can sail to Tarshish, i.e. well built, able to traverse great distances

?:? Literally “the mountain of Zion”

?:? Literally “Set your heart to”

?:? Literally “he, he will …”

?:? Literally “open”

?:? Literally “the days of evil”

?:? Hebrew “and”

?:? Literally “call”

?:? Hebrew “way”

?:? Literally “hand”

?:? Or “honor”

?:? That is, his soul

?:? Literally “take my covenant on your mouth”

?:? The Hebrew Bible counts the superscription as the first two verses of the psalm; the English verse number is reduced by two

?:? Literally “I, I know”

?:? Or “rebellions”

?:? Hebrew “the evil”

?:? Literally “in my inner parts”

?:? The Hebrew Bible counts the superscription as the first two verses of the psalm; the English verse number is reduced by two

?:? Literally “all the day”

?:? Literally “righteousness”

?:? Or “temple”

?:? The Hebrew Bible counts the superscription as the first verse of the psalm; the English verse number is reduced by one

?:? Literally “The whole of it,” i.e. all of humankind

?:? Literally “they feared a fear”

?:? Literally “Who will give that from Zion”

?:? Or “captivity”

?:? The Hebrew Bible counts the superscription as the first verse of the psalm; the English verse number is reduced by one

?:? Or “The Lord is the sustainer of my life.”

?:? According to the reading tradition (Qere)

?:? Hebrew “the”

?:? The Hebrew Bible counts the superscription as the first verse of the psalm; the English verse number is reduced by one

?:? Literally “Who will give that”

?:? Or “temple”

?:? Literally “inward part”

?:? Literally “evening and morning and noon”

?:? Or “my battle”

?:? Or “and humble them”

?:? Literally “those at peace with him”

?:? Literally “butter”

?:? Or “shaken”

?:? The Hebrew Bible counts the superscription as the first verse of the psalm; the English verse number is reduced by one

?:? Or “lurking foes”

?:? Literally “The day”

?:? Or “they stir up strife”

?:? Literally “heels”

?:? Literally “in the day”

?:? i.e., call on God

?:? Or “that”

?:? The Hebrew Bible counts the superscription as the first verse of the psalm; the English verse number is reduced by one

?:? Or “sons”

?:? Or “at dawn”

?:? The Hebrew Bible counts the superscription as the first verse of the psalm; the English verse number is reduced by one

?:? A slight emendation of the Hebrew text yields “what is right, O gods,” or “O mighty ones”

?:? Or “Do you judge fairly, O sons of humankind?”

?:? Or “on the earth”

?:? Or “as though they were withered stalks”

?:? Literally “burning”

?:? The Hebrew of this verse is difficult to interpret

?:? Hebrew “a person”

?:? Literally “fruit”

?:? Or “on the earth”

?:? The Hebrew Bible counts the superscription as the first verse of the psalm; the English verse number is reduced by one

?:? The sense is that of making something inaccessibly high, like a fortress

?:? Hebrew “soul”

?:? Or “stir up strife”

?:? Hebrew “dog”

?:? Reading with a few Hebrew manuscripts and the LXX, Targum and v. 18

?:? According to the reading tradition (Qere), some Hebrew manuscripts and the LXX

?:? Hebrew “curse”

?:? Hebrew “lie”

?:? Hebrew “dog”

?:? Or “then they growl”

?:? Literally “day”

?:? The Hebrew Bible counts the superscription as the first two verses of the psalm; the English verse number is reduced by two

?:? Literally “from the presence of the bow”

?:? Literally “protection of”

?:? Or “commander’s rod”

?:? Literally “might”

?:? Or “the far reaches of the land”

?:? Literally “a generation and a generation”

?:? Or “be enthroned”

?:? Or “pay”

?:? Literally “day, day”

?:? The Hebrew Bible counts the superscription as the first verse of the psalm; the English verse number is reduced by one

?:? Or “All of you shatter him”

?:? This word appears first in the Hebrew verse.

?:? Hebrew “his mouth”

?:? Literally “in the midst of them”

?:? Or “In God”

?:? Or “breath”

?:? Literally “To go up”

?:? Hebrew “palms”

?:? Hebrew “and”

?:? Or “follows hard after”

?:? Literally “pour him out to the hands of the sword”

?:? Hebrew “plot”

?:? Hebrew “in”

?:? Hebrew “the”

?:? Literally “They search out”

?:? Literally “a plotted plot”

?:? Literally “inward part”

?:? The Hebrew of this verse is very difficult

?:? That is, the psalmist

?:? Perhaps a shaking of the head; a similar Hebrew form could be translated “will flee”

?:? Hebrew “and”

?:? Hebrew “man”

?:? Hebrew “matters of iniquities”

?:? Literally “provide atonement for”

?:? Hebrew “and”

?:? Or “visit”

?:? Or “earth”

?:? Literally “goodness”

?:? Literally “fatness”

?:? Literally “set for glory—his praise”

?:? Literally “see”

?:? Hebrew “dealing”

?:? According to the reading tradition (Qere)

?:? Literally “oppression”

?:? Hebrew “man”

?:? A slightly different Hebrew word yields “a broad place”

?:? Or “temple”

?:? That is, “offer”

?:? Hebrew “my soul”

?:? A slightly different Hebrew word yields “his exaltation was under my tongue”

?:? A shortened form of “Yahweh”

?:? Or “you caused it to snow on”

?:? Or “A mighty mountain”

?:? Hebrew “The”

?:? Or “as at Sinai, in the sanctuary”

?:? A shortened form of “Yahweh”

?:? Or “daily carries our burden”

?:? Or “victory”

?:? Literally “is walking about”

?:? Or “into the sanctuary”

?:? Or “you who have worked”

?:? Hebrew “of”

?:? Or “until each humbles himself by offering pieces of silver”

?:? Reading with the LXX; meaning uncertain

?:? Hebrew “sanctuaries”

?:? Hebrew “soul” or “life”

?:? Or, “those who oppose me with falsehood”

?:? Literally “you, you know”

?:? Or “temple”

?:? Hebrew “and”

?:? Literally “right in front of”

?:? Or “they put poison in my food”

?:? Literally “Give guilt on their guilt”

?:? Literally “come into your righteousness”

?:? The sense is that of making something inaccessibly high, like a fortress

?:? That is, mature and ritually clean

?:? Or “live”

?:? Or “commanded”

?:? Literally “palm”

?:? Literally “from the belly”

?:? Literally “cut,” that is, the umbilical cord

?:? Literally “adversaries of my soul”

?:? Literally “all the day”

?:? Literally “bring to remembrance”

?:? Literally “arm”

?:? According to the reading tradition (Qere)

?:? According to the reading tradition (Qere)

?:? A slightly different vocalization yields, “… comfort me again”; compare the LXX.

?:? Or “peace”

?:? This presupposes the reading, suggested by the LXX, that might indicate that two of the Hebrew root letters have been inverted. The Hebrew reads “They will/Let them fear”

?:? Literally “with the sun”

?:? Literally “in the presence of the moon”

?:? Literally “generation of generations”

?:? That is, the Euphrates

?:? Literally “all the day”

?:? Or “May his descendants”

?:? Literally “in the presence of the sun”

?:? Or “peace” or “prosperity”

?:? Literally “fat”

?:? Literally “the trouble of man”

?:? Hebrew “humankind”

?:? A slightly different Hebrew reading might be reflected in the LXX’s “their iniquity comes out of fatness”

?:? That is, toward the wicked

?:? Literally “to the mornings”

?:? Or “fall for deceptions”

?:? Or “image”

?:? Or “to glory”

?:? Literally “rock”

?:? Literally “the mountain of Zion”

?:? Hebrew “He is”

?:? Literally “lift up”

?:? According to the reading tradition (Qere)

?:? That is, the temple’s

?:? Hebrew “altogether”

?:? According to the reading tradition (Qere)

?:? A seasonal stream that is often dry

?:? Or “set”

?:? Literally “all the day”

?:? The Hebrew Bible counts the superscription as the first verse of the psalm; the English verse number is reduced by one

?:? Hebrew “They tell your wonderful deeds”

?:? Hebrew “I, I will judge” might be emphatic

?:? Or “melting away”

?:? Hebrew “I, I steady” might be emphatic

?:? Plural

?:? Hebrew “an unrestrained neck”

?:? Hebrew “wilderness”

?:? Hebrew “and”

?:? Literally “they will drain, they will drink its dregs”

?:? The Hebrew Bible counts the superscription as the first verse of the psalm; the English verse number is reduced by one

?:? Or “shelter”; but the image of the lion appears in view

?:? Or “refuge”

?:? A possible change in the Hebrew text yields, “You are feared, majestic …” a form found in vv. 8(7), 13(12). This is possibly reflected in the reading of Theodotian

?:? Or “more than”

?:? Literally “find”

?:? Hebrew “chariot,” that is, charioteer

?:? Literally “You, feared you are”

?:? A slight change in the vocalization of the MT yields, “from the strength of your anger”

?:? Hebrew “angers”

?:? Hebrew “to the fear”

?:? The Hebrew Bible counts the superscription as the first verse of the psalm; the English verse number is reduced by one

?:? Or “make supplication to”

?:? Literally “it does not grow weary”

?:? Hebrew “word”

?:? Or “this is my sickness”

?:? A shortened form of “Yahweh”

?:? Hebrew “wonder”

?:? Or “holy” or “set apart”

?:? Hebrew “wonder”

?:? Literally “gave voice”

?:? Literally “walked back and forth”

?:? Or “in your chariot wheel”

?:? According to the reading tradition (Qere)

?:? Hebrew “were not known”

?:? Hebrew “open”

?:? Or “fathers”

?:? Or “descendants”

?:? Hebrew torah

?:? Or “fathers”

?:? Or “fathers”

?:? Literally “armed with shooters of the bow”

?:? Hebrew torah

?:? Or “fathers”

?:? Literally “for their soul”

?:? Literally “mighty ones”

?:? Hebrew “bird”

?:? Or “he ended their days like a breath”

?:? Or “and their years suddenly”

?:? Or “covered,” or “atoned for”

?:? Or perhaps, “pressed to the limit”

?:? Literally “hand”

?:? Literally “the day that”

?:? Hebrew “set”

?:? Normally the word for the Nile, with the plural here suggesting perhaps it and its canals

?:? Two different words translated “locusts”

?:? The word for “sleet” is only used here, and the translation is a guess based on context

?:? Literally “evil”

?:? Hebrew “their soul”

?:? Hebrew “border”

?:? Or “had created”

?:? Or “fathers”

?:? Or “deceitful”

?:? Or “virgins”

?:? Or “like a warrior shouting because of wine”

?:? Literally “the mountain of Zion”

?:? Hebrew “he”

?:? Hebrew “make atonement for”

?:? That is, God’s name

?:? Literally “arm”

?:? Or “leave a remnant of”

?:? Hebrew “into their bosom”

?:? Literally “to a generation and a generation”

?:? The Hebrew Bible counts the superscription as the first verse of the psalm; the English verse number is reduced by one

?:? Literally “until when your anger smoke”

?:? The Hebrew “threefold” or “a third of a measure” is difficult

?:? Literally “its root rooted”

?:? Hebrew “devours”

?:? Hebrew “son”

?:? Hebrew “give”

?:? Hebrew “testimony” or “witness”

?:? The meaning of this line is uncertain. The above is based on perhaps a similar thought in Psa 114:1

?:? Hebrew “the”

?:? Hebrew “him”

?:? Hebrew “time”

?:? That is, Israel

?:? Hebrew “the fat of wheat”

?:? Or “assembly of El

?:? Hebrew elohim

?:? Literally “lift up the faces of the wicked”

?:? Or “understand”

?:? Hebrew “I, I have said”

?:? Singular

?:? Or “receive an inheritance”

?:? Hebrew “scheme”

?:? Or “your treasured ones”

?:? Literally “with a heart together”

?:? Literally “they have become an arm for”

?:? The Hebrew Bible counts the superscription as the first verse of the psalm; the English verse number is reduced by one

?:? Or “temple”

?:? Or “Valley of Weeping”

?:? A change in vocalization of the Hebrew yields “it with pools”

?:? Or “the God of gods will be seen in Zion”

?:? Or “temple”

?:? Or “captivity”

?:? Or “You forgave the iniquity”

?:? Hebrew “and to his faithful”

?:? Or “truth”

?:? Or “Truth”

?:? Literally “all the day”

?:? Literally “I lift up my soul to you”

?:? Hebrew “and great with respect to loyal love”

?:? Or “worship”

?:? That is, give singleness of heart

?:? The nether world, the place of departed spirits.

?:? That is, they do not factor God into their actions

?:? Literally “long of nostrils”

?:? Or “Save the son”

?:? Or “in”

?:? Or “mention”

?:? That is, Egypt; compare Isa 30:7

?:? Literally “A man and a man”

?:? The Hebrew Bible counts the superscription as the first verse of the psalm; the English verse number is reduced by one

?:? The Hebrew suggests a strong, vigorous man

?:? Or “without help”

?:? Or “forsaken”

?:? Hebrew “an abomination”

?:? Hebrew “palms”

?:? Hebrew “wonder”

?:? Hebrew rephaim, sometimes translated “shades”; the weakened state of those who have died

?:? Hebrew abaddon, the place of destruction

?:? Hebrew “wonder”

?:? Or “deed of justice”

?:? Hebrew meaning uncertain

?:? Literally “To a generation and a generation”

?:? Literally “To a generation and a generation”

?:? Hebrew singular collective “clouds”

?:? Hebrew “and”

?:? Literally “you, you calm”

?:? Literally “You, you crushed”

?:? Or “truth”

?:? That is, enjoy continual access

?:? According to the reading tradition (Qere). The Kethib reads “you exalt our horn”

?:? Or “Yahweh is our shield.”

?:? Or “The Holy One of Israel is our king.”

?:? Literally “a son of wickedness”

?:? Hebrew “profane; treat as common”

?:? Hebrew “profane; treat as common”

?:? Hebrew “One”

?:? Hebrew “be”

?:? Hebrew “profane; treat as common”

?:? Hebrew “to”

?:? That is, given them victory

?:? Literally “hand””

?:? Or “dwelling place”

?:? Literally “in a generation and a generation”

?:? Literally “and you say”

?:? The interpretation of 5a is difficult

?:? Or “we are terrified”

?:? Or “span”

?:? Hebrew “according to”

?:? Or “Turn back your wrath”

?:? Or “change your mind concerning”

?:? Often translated “the Almighty,” this is perhaps better understood as “God of the Mountain”

?:? Hebrew “he, he will deliver” is perhaps emphatic, “He will certainly deliver”

?:? That is, a small, round shield, or perhaps a surrounding bulwark

?:? This is the most straightforward translation of the Hebrew, though the “you” of each line would refer to a different person. A more unusual rendering would be “Because Yahweh, my refuge, even the Most High, you have made your dwelling place …”

?:? The sense is that of making something inaccessibly high, like a fortress

?:? Literally “a length of days”

?:? The Hebrew’s “that I have moistened with fresh oil” seems unlikely. The above translation presupposes the loss of a letter in the Hebrew textual tradition (ballotani for the MT’s balloti)

?:? This word for “enemies” suggests those watching for any advantage

?:? Hebrew singular, but used as a collective. The verbs of this verse are also singular

?:? Or “temple”

?:? This is the same word used of the oil in v. 11 and translated “fresh”

?:? According to the reading tradition (Qere)

?:? Literally “voice”

?:? Or “temple”

?:? Literally “for a length of days”

?:? Literally “They gush, they speak,” which is probably a hendiadys

?:? Hebrew “and”

?:? A shortened form of “Yahweh”

?:? Literally “they are a breath” or “a vanity”

?:? That is, the court system will operate correctly

?:? Hebrew “If/When I said,” that is, said to myself

?:? Literally “in my inward parts”

?:? Or “condemn innocent blood”

?:? Or “in”

?:? The Hebrew does not have the definite article used twice in the translation of this verse

?:? Or “the deep places”

?:? Hebrew “and he made it”

?:? Literally “The day”

?:? Or “If only you would hear his voice today”

?:? Or “fathers”

?:? Or “concerning”

?:? Or “concerning”

?:? Or “bring good news concerning”

?:? This word for idols suggests something worthless or insignificant

?:? Hebrew “and”

?:? Hebrew “and”

?:? This word for idols suggests something worthless or insignificant

?:? Hebrew “very”

?:? Literally “to his holy remembrance” or “to his memorable holiness”

?:? Or “sing concerning”

?:? Or “victory”

?:? Or “victory”

?:? Or “Burst forth”

?:? Hebrew “and”

?:? Or “dwells”

?:? The interpretation of this line is uncertain

?:? Or “Worship”

?:? According to the reading tradition (Qere); the Kethib reads “and not we ourselves”

?:? Literally “unto a generation and a generation”

?:? The term “those who fall away” is a rare noun. The verb from the same root is found in Psa 40:5(4)

?:? Literally “wide”

?:? Hebrew “be established”

?:? Literally “to the mornings”

?:? The Hebrew Bible counts the superscription as the first verse of the psalm; the English verse number is reduced by one

?:? A rare homonym might yield “I am too wilted to eat”

?:? Hebrew “bone”

?:? Hebrew “flesh”

?:? The identity of the birds in this verse is uncertain

?:? Hebrew “weeping”

?:? Or “sit enthroned”

?:? Or “name”

?:? Literally “to a generation and a generation”

?:? A shortened form of “Yahweh”

?:? Hebrew “the sons of death”

?:? Hebrew “and”

?:? Literally “seed”

?:? Literally “sons”

?:? Literally “long of nostrils”

?:? Or “shows compassion to”

?:? Or “shows compassion to”

?:? That is, how we are formed

?:? Literally “hearing”

?:? That is, created things

?:? Hebrew “goes”

?:? Or “appointed”

?:? Literally “break”

?:? Literally “give voice”

?:? Literally “give drink”

?:? Or “is sated”

?:? Hebrew “in it”

?:? Literally “broad of hands”

?:? For this construction meaning “to play with,” see Job 40:29 (Eng: 41:5)

?:? Literally “in its season”

?:? Or “breath”

?:? Literally “while I am still”

?:? Literally “they are not still”

?:? Hebrew hallelujah

?:? Or “children,” or “sons”

?:? Hebrew plural

?:? Literally “men of number,” that is, so few you could count them

?:? Literally “from people to people”

?:? Literally “staff”

?:? Hebrew “oppressed, hurt”

?:? Hebrew “fetter”

?:? Hebrew nephesh can designate the life, soul, appetite, desire, or throat/neck.

?:? Hebrew “iron”

?:? Or “refined”

?:? Hebrew “to bind, imprison” The LXX’s “to instruct” presupposes ysr instead of 'sr, and might be correct in light of the parallelism that is fairly tight in this psalm

?:? Literally “in his desire soul”

?:? That is, God

?:? Hebrew “him”

?:? Hebrew “his”

?:? Hebrew “borders”

?:? That is, Israel

?:? Hebrew “He”

?:? Or “surged”

?:? Literally “word”

?:? Hebrew hallelujah

?:? Or “fathers”

?:? Or “fathers”

?:? Literally “sea of reed”

?:? Literally “sea of reed”

?:? Literally “craved a craving”

?:? Hebrew “soul” or “inner self”

?:? Literally “sea of reed”

?:? Literally “he lifted his hand,” an act accompanying an oath

?:? Or “let drop”

?:? Literally “seed”

?:? Hebrew “sacrifices of dead”

?:? Literally “for a generation and a generation”

?:? A slightly different verbal form yields “they embittered his spirit”

?:? Hebrew “said to them”

?:? Hebrew “and they became”

?:? Hebrew “bloods,” that is, bloodshed

?:? Literally “gave them to have mercies”

?:? Hebrew hallelujah

?:? Hebrew “say”

?:? Hebrew “sea” (yam), which usually means “west” in a listing of directions. The word “south” is expected (Hebrew yamin). Either the MT was corrupted early (along with Isa 49:12; the LXX reads “sea” in both) or it looks to the bodies of waters to the south (see also the Targum)

?:? The MT reads “way” with the previous line.

?:? Thirst is perhaps in view

?:? This word is only found elsewhere in Lam 4:20 with the sense of “traps”

?:? Literally “many waters”

?:? Literally “all their wisdom was swallowed up”

?:? Hebrew “and make a fruit of produce”

?:? The sense is that of making something inaccessibly high, like a fortress

?:? Or “I will awake at dawn”

?:? Literally “protection of”

?:? Or “commander’s rod”

?:? Hebrew “do might”

?:? Literally “a wicked mouth and a deceitful mouth”

?:? Or perhaps “I have a plea of innocence ”

?:? Or perhaps “plea of innocence”

?:? Or “posterity”; Hebrew is singular

?:? Or “fathers”

?:? That is, the family

?:? Hebrew “a man”

?:? Literally “his inward part”

?:? Literally “continually he girds it”

?:? Literally “stumble”

?:? Hebrew “head”

?:? Or “soul”

?:? Literally “will be freewill offerings”; see the related verbal form in Judg 5:2

?:? Or “day of your army,” or “day of battle”

?:? The meaning of this verse is obscure

?:? Literally “head”

?:? Or “pondered”

?:? Literally “a remembrance”

?:? That is, his precepts (v. 7), or the stipulations of his covenant (v. 9 )

?:? Literally “seed”

?:? Literally “matters in justice”

?:? Literally “will be for an eternal remembrance”

?:? Or “full of trust”

?:? Literally “He distributes freely, he gives”

?:? Singular

?:? Literally “and melts”

?:? Plural

?:? Or “who dwells on high”

?:? Hebrew “makes low to see”

?:? Hebrew hallelujah

?:? Literally “sons of the flock”

?:? Or “O land”

?:? Literally “please”

?:? A shortened form of “Yahweh”

?:? A shortened form of “Yahweh”

?:? Hebrew hallelujah

?:? Literally “my voice, my supplications”

?:? Literally “in my days”

?:? Hebrew “my soul.” If “soul” is accepted, then “death” means “the place of death,” that is, the netherworld.

?:? Hebrew “eye”

?:? Hebrew “lands”

?:? Literally “All of the humankind”

?:? Literally “in the eyes of Yahweh”

?:? Or “temple”

?:? Hebrew hallelujah

?:? Hebrew hallelujah

?:? A shortened form of “Yahweh”

?:? Or “humankind”

?:? Or “humankind”

?:? Hebrew intensive “pushing, you pushed me”

?:? A shortened form of “Yahweh”

?:? Or “my might”

?:? Or “victory”

?:? Or “victory”

?:? A shortened form of “Yahweh”

?:? Hebrew “give”

?:? A shortened form of “Yahweh”

?:? Or “victory”

?:? Or “made”

?:? Or “in it”

?:? Hebrew plural

?:? Or “temple”

?:? Or “made his light to shine upon to us”

?:? Or “festal procession”

?:? Or “branches”

?:? Or “and lead up to the horns”

?:? NonePsalm 119 is an acrostic psalm, with twenty-two stanzas corresponding to the letters of the Hebrew alphabet

?:? Perhaps emphatic; Hebrew “you, you have commanded”

?:? Or “promise”

?:? That is, “examine”

?:? That is, “examine”

?:? That is, “here for a short time”

?:? Literally “Roll off of”

?:? Literally “the men of my counsel”

?:? Or “is sleepless”

?:? That is, “give greater understanding”

?:? Or “your promise”

?:? Or “your promise”

?:? Literally “in the wide place”

?:? Hebrew “palms”

?:? Or “your promise”

?:? Literally “entreat your face”

?:? Or “your promise”

?:? Hebrew “lie”

?:? See Isa 6:10 for a similar idea, but a different word for “fat”

?:? Or “your promise”

?:? Hebrew “lie”

?:? According to the reading tradition (Qere)

?:? Or “long to see”

?:? Or “your promise”

?:? That is, traps

?:? Or “who are not in accord with”

?:? Literally “stands firm”

?:? Literally “for a generation and a generation”

?:? Or “give me life”

?:? The meaning of this line is uncertain.

?:? Hebrew “it is”

?:? Or “sweet”

?:? Hebrew “word”

?:? Literally “the ordinances of your righteousness”

?:? Literally “in my hand”

?:? Literally “the divided”

?:? Or “promise”

?:? Or “done what is proper and right”

?:? Or “long to see”

?:? Or “promise”

?:? Or “time to act, O Yahweh”

?:? Or “through your promise”

?:? According to the reading tradition (Qere)

?:? Or “promise”

?:? Hebrew “See”

?:? Literally “head”

?:? According to the reading tradition (Qere)

?:? Or “promise”

?:? Or “promise”

?:? Hebrew “to help me”

?:? Or “my life”

?:? That is, by God against the false accuser

?:? Or “all calamity”

?:? Or “temple”

?:? A shortened form of “Yahweh”

?:? That is, rulers or judges on thrones

?:? Hebrew “Ask”

?:? Or “temple”

?:? Or “the one who dwells”

?:? Hebrew “masters”

?:? Hebrew “given”

?:? Literally “lot,” that is, land allotted

?:? Hebrew “in wickedness”

?:? Or “captivity”

?:? Or “those returned of belonging to Zion”

?:? Or “captivity”

?:? Or “South”

?:? That is, Yahweh

?:? Hebrew “gives”

?:? Or “so he gives sleep to his beloved”

?:? Hebrew “sons”

?:? That is, gift

?:? Hebrew “sons”

?:? Or “whose quiver he Yahweh fills with them”

?:? Literally “in the recesses of”

?:? Hebrew “sons”

?:? Literally “a fearer of Yahweh”

?:? Or “Greatly”

?:? Or “Greatly”

?:? According to the reading tradition (Qere)

?:? That is, the yoke and tackle on a beast of burden

?:? Literally “bosom”

?:? A shortened form of “Yahweh”

?:? Literally “keep”

?:? Or “hope,” here and v. 7, though the Hebrew uses a different verbal stem in v. 7

?:? Or “hope”

?:? Literally “raised”

?:? Literally “walk about”

?:? Hebrew “his being afflicted”

?:? Or “the fields of the woods”

?:? That is, the temple

?:? Literally “belly”

?:? Or “shine”

?:? Literally “stand”

?:? Or “temple”

?:? Or “temple”

?:? Or “temple”

?:? A shortened form of “Yahweh”

?:? Hebrew “human”

?:? Hebrew “animal”

?:? Literally “remembrance”

?:? Literally “for a generation and a generation”

?:? Hebrew hallelujah

?:? Or “understanding”

?:? Literally “sea of reed”

?:? Literally “sea of reed”

?:? Species of tree uncertain

?:? Only occurring once in the MT, this interpretation is uncertain. The LXX’s “carried us captive” is a guess. If related to the Hebrew root yll it might have the idea of “mockers/yammerers”

?:? Literally “a land of a foreigner”

?:? That is, how to play a musical instrument

?:? Literally “with what you treated us”

?:? Or “promise”

?:? Or “beyond all your name”

?:? Literally “In the day”

?:? Or “heard about the words”

?:? Hebrew “knows”

?:? Hebrew “winnow”; or perhaps from another root, “measure”

?:? Or “does not obscure from you”

?:? Literally “kidneys”

?:? Or “I am made wonderful fearfully”

?:? Literally “bone”

?:? Or “in the secret place”

?:? Hebrew “unformed substance”

?:? Or “difficult”

?:? Literally “men of bloods”

?:? Literally “a way of an idol”

?:? The several uses of the singular “man” in this psalm are probably collective

?:? Literally “push my steps”

?:? Literally “hand”

?:? Hebrew “his”

?:? Literally “man of tongue”

?:? According to the reading tradition (Qere)

?:? Or “It is choice oil”

?:? Or “are dropped into the hands of the Rock,” that is, Yahweh. The interpretation of vv. 6–7 is uncertain.

?:? Or “Because”

?:? Or “Do not raze my life”

?:? Literally “hand”

?:? Hebrew “his”

?:? The Hebrew Bible counts the superscription as the first verse of the psalm; the English verse number is reduced by one

?:? Hebrew “a refuge has perished from me”

?:? Or “life”

?:? Hebrew “my soul”

?:? Literally “in the midst of”

?:? Hebrew “doing”

?:? This reading for the difficult Hebrew “I cover to you” is suggested by the LXX

?:? Hebrew “my soul”

?:? Reading with many Hebrew manuscripts and versions; MT reads “my people”

?:? Hebrew “from kind to kind”

?:? That is, praise; here and v. 2

?:? That is, deeds that evoke a fearful reverence

?:? According to the reading tradition (Qere)

?:? Hebrew “pour forth”

?:? Literally “long of nostrils”

?:? That is, praise

?:? Literally “for a generation and a generation”

?:? A Hebrew wordplay: “humankind,” adam (v. 3), returns to his ground/plot,adamah

?:? Or “remains faithful”

?:? Or “watches over”

?:? Literally “makes crooked”

?:? Literally “for a generation and a generation”

?:? Hebrew hallelujah

?:? That is, “wait expectantly”

?:? Literally “the fat of the wheat”

?:? Or “utterance”

?:? With slight alteration of the Hebrew, the line might read “before his cold water stands”

?:? Hebrew hallelujah

?:? According to the reading tradition (Qere)

?:? Literally “heavens of the heavens”

?:? The meaning of “cloud” is uncertain

?:? Hebrew “his word”

?:? That is, wild and domesticated

?:? Literally “bird of wing”

?:? Hebew hallelujah

?:? Reading against the MT and with the LXX

?:? Literally “honorable ones”

?:? Hebrew “written”

?:? Hebrew hallelujah

?:? A shortened form of “Yahweh”

?:? Hebrew hallelujah